scholarly journals Microstructural Characteristics of Frazil Particles and the Physical Properties of Frazil Ice in the Yellow River, China

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 617
Author(s):  
Yaodan Zhang ◽  
Zhijun Li ◽  
Yuanren Xiu ◽  
Chunjiang Li ◽  
Baosen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Microstructural Characteristics ◽  
Air Bubble ◽  
Frazil Ice ◽  
Sediment Content ◽  
Crystal Diameter

Frazil particles, ice crystals or slushy granules that form in turbulent water, change the freezing properties of ice to create “frazil ice”. To understand the microstructural characteristics of these particles and the physical properties of frazil ice in greater depth, an in situ sampler was designed to collect frazil particles in the Yellow River. The ice crystal microstructural characteristics of the frazil particles (morphology, size, air bubble, and sediment) were observed under a microscope, and their nucleation mechanism was analyzed according to its microstructure. The physical properties of frazil ice (ice crystal microstructure, air bubble, ice density, and sediment content) were also observed. The results showed that these microstructures of frazil particles can be divided into four types: granular, dendritic, needle-like, and serrated. The size of the measured frazil particles ranged from 0.1 to 25 mm. Compared with columnar ice, the crystal microstructure of frazil ice is irregular, with a mean crystal diameter less than 5 mm extending in all directions. The crystal grain size and ice density of frazil ice are smaller than columnar ice, but the bubble and sediment content are larger.

In situ observations of wave pumping of sediments in the Yellow River Delta with a newly developed benthic chamber

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaotong Zhang ◽  
Yonggang Jia ◽  
Yaqi Zhang ◽  
Xiaolei Liu ◽  
Hongxian Shan
Keyword(s):  
Yellow River ◽  
Yellow River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
The Yellow River Delta ◽  
Benthic Chamber ◽  
In Situ Observations

Initial incision of the Jinshan Gorge of the Yellow River, China, constrained by terrestrial in situ cosmogenic nuclides chronology

2020 ◽  
Vol 550 ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyun Li ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Hao Liang ◽  
Zhen Chen ◽  
Xiaoyang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yellow River ◽  
Cosmogenic Nuclides ◽  
The Yellow River

The Study on Property Non-Uniformity of Superficial Sediment at the Yellow River Estuary, China

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangqiang Chang ◽  
Yonggang Jia ◽  
Hongxian Shan ◽  
Tao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Property ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Yellow River Estuary ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Dynamic Forces

The silt carried by the Yellow River accumulates rapidly at the estuary to form an underwater delta, and the sediment is influenced and transformed continuously by river and ocean dynamic forces. One-meter-deep superficial sediment samples were taken at the Yellow River estuary to measure the basic physical and mechanical properties in the laboratory. The laboratory tests revealed the superficial sediment is over-consolidated and the over-consolidation ratio (OCR) reduces with depth. Soil penetration resistance was measured by a Proctor Penetrometer In-Situ. The results show the strength of superficial sediment appear to be strong non-uniformity (variation), and the strength of Xin Tan and Guang Li Gang region is less than those of the Da Wang Bei and Diao Kou. Then, the extent of soil property non-uniformity in space was calculated according to the Vanmarcke Foundation Random Theory. The vertical non-uniformity size lies between 0.32–0.93m, with little difference between those of terrestrial soils, and the horizontal lies between 12–32m, less than those on land. Finally, the reasons to cause strong non-uniformity are discussed. They are mainly composed of sediment modification by wave and biological activities.

Dynamics of Bottom Boundary Layers in the Yellow River Subaqueous Delta Based on Long-Term In-Situ Observations

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 369-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoqi ZHU ◽  
Yonggang JIA ◽  
Zhenhao WANG ◽  
Lei GUO ◽  
Hongxian SHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layers ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Bottom Boundary ◽  
Bottom Boundary Layers ◽  
In Situ Observations

scholarly journals Augmentations to the Noah Model Physics for Application to the Yellow River Source Area. Part I: Soil Water Flow

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 2659-2676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghai Zheng ◽  
Rogier van der Velde ◽  
Zhongbo Su ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Jun Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Soil Water Flow

Abstract This is the first part of a study focusing on evaluating the performance of the Noah land surface model (LSM) in simulating surface water and energy budgets for the high-elevation source region of the Yellow River (SRYR). A comprehensive dataset is utilized that includes in situ micrometeorological and profile soil moisture and temperature measurements as well as laboratory soil property measurements of samples collected across the SRYR. Here, the simulation of soil water flow is investigated, while Part II concentrates on the surface heat flux and soil temperature simulations. Three augmentations are proposed: 1) to include the effect of organic matter on soil hydraulic parameterization via the additivity hypothesis, 2) to implement the saturated hydraulic conductivity as an exponentially decaying function with soil depth, and 3) to modify the vertical root distribution to represent the Tibetan conditions characterized by an abundance of roots in the topsoil. The diffusivity form of Richards’ equation is further revised to allow for the simulation of soil water flow across soil layers with different hydraulic properties. Usage of organic matter for calculating the porosity and soil suction improves the agreement between the estimates and laboratory measurements, and the exponential function together with the Kozeny–Carman equation best describes the in situ . Through implementation of the modified hydraulic parameterization alone, the soil moisture underestimation in the upper soil layer under wet conditions is resolved, while the soil moisture profile dynamics are better captured by also including the modified root distribution.

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