scholarly journals The Superior Laryngeal Nerve and Its Vulnerability in Surgeries of the Neck

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1243
Author(s):  
Antonio S. Dekhou ◽  
Robert J. Morrison ◽  
Jickssa M. Gemechu
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Aspiration Pneumonia ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Superior Thyroid Artery ◽  
Thyrohyoid Membrane ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Anatomical considerations of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN), a branch of the vagus, provides information to minimize the potential for iatrogenic intraoperative injury, thereby preventing motor and sensory dysfunctions of the larynx. The present study aims to assess the variation of the SLN and its relationship to the superior thyroid artery (STA) and superior laryngeal artery (SLA). The study was done on 35 formalin-fixed cadavers at Oakland University in 2018–2019. In our study, we found that out of 21 cadavers, 52.4% of the external laryngeal branches (ebSLN) are related posteromedial to the STA, while 47.6% are related anteromedial to it. Out of 14 cadavers, 64.3% of the internal laryngeal branches (ibSLN) are related superoposterior to the SLA, while 35.7% are inferoposterior to it. In most cases, the SLA crosses above the ebSLN while traveling to pierce the thyrohyoid membrane to reach the larynx. The data demonstrate that both the ebSLN and ibSLN display variation in their relationship with the STA and the SLA, respectively. Awareness of these variable relationships is critical for identification and isolation of these structures in order to prevent consequences of nerve injury, primarily a reduction in the highest attainable frequency of the voice and aspiration pneumonia.

Microsurgical Anatomy of the Superior and Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves

Neurosurgery ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashkan Monfared ◽  
Daniel Kim ◽  
Sivakumar Jaikumar ◽  
Goutham Gorti ◽  
Andrew Kam
Keyword(s):  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Superior Thyroid Artery ◽  
Microsurgical Anatomy ◽  
Anatomic Landmarks ◽  
Internal Branch ◽  
Cricothyroid Muscle ◽  
Thyrohyoid Membrane ◽  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves ◽  
The Right

Abstract OBJECTIVE To study the microsurgical anatomy of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) with respect to anatomic landmarks, and to identify their vascular supplies. METHODS The microsurgical anatomy of the anterior neck, the course of the right and left SLN and RLN and their variations were studied in 21 cadavers. Fresh cadavers were perfused with colored silicon dye to investigate the microvasculature in detail. RESULTS SLN originates from the inferior vagal ganglion at the C2 level and descends medially toward the thyrohyoid membrane. It branches into an external and an internal branch deep to the internal carotid artery at the C3 level. The external branch, along with the cricothyroid artery, descends deep to the superior thyroid artery toward the cricothyroid muscle. Accompanied by the superior laryngeal artery, the internal branch passes deep to the loop of the superior thyroid artery and pierces the thyrohyoid membrane. Both nerves reside in the fascia covering longus colli muscles and are supplied by their accompanying arteries. The loop of RLN is found at the T1–T3 level on the right, and more caudally at the T3–T6 level on the left, entering the larynx between C5–C7 levels on both sides. RLN receives arterial supply from the esophageal and tracheal branches of the inferior thyroid artery proximally, and by the inferior laryngeal artery distally. CONCLUSION Incidental intraoperative injury to the SLN and RLN potentially could be avoided by understanding the detailed course of each nerve with respect to the surrounding anatomic landmarks and by recognizing their blood supplies.

scholarly journals Assessment of Relation between External Branch of Superior Laryngeal Nerve & Thyroid Gland- A Cadaveric Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
Anurag ◽  
Vishnu Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Cricoid Cartilage ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
The Body ◽  
Superior Thyroid Artery ◽  
Group I ◽  
External Branch ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

Background: The thyroid gland is essential for normal growth of the body. This study assessed relation of external branch of superior laryngeal nerve to the superior pole of the thyroid gland. Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted on 25 human cadavers having 50 superior thyroid poles of both genders. Cadavers were classified based on age groups, group I was those with age less than 39 years and group II cadavers were those with age more than 40 years of age. Various measurements were performed on cadavers. Results: 14 cadavers were I group I and 11 were in group II. The mean mass was 67.2 Kgs in group I and 59.5 Kgs in group II, time elapsed after death was 481.5 minutes in group I and 476.4 minutes in group II, mean height was 1.74 meters in group I and 1.69 meters in group II, mean BMI found to be 22.3 kg/m2in group I and 20.1 kg/m2in group II. Height found to be significant between both groups (P< 0.05). The mean distance from EBSLN to cranial point of the thyroid gland was 6.66 mm in group I and 8.96 mm in group II. The mean transverse distance from superior thyroid artery to EBSLN was 3.55 mm in group I and 5.12 mm side in group II. The mean distance of the crossing point between the most cranial point of the thyroid lobe was 6.40 mm in group I and 11.47 mm in group II. The mean distance from the EBSLN to the midline of the neck was 19.80 mm in group I and 18.58 mm in group II. The mean distance from the EBSLN to the midline of the neck on the most cranial point of the cricoid cartilage was 18.77 mm in group I and 17.80 mm in group II. Conclusion: Authors found variation in measurements in left and right side in both group I and group II.

scholarly journals A Multicenter Review of Superior Laryngeal Nerve Injury Following Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7S-11S ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary J. Tempel ◽  
Justin S. Smith ◽  
Christopher Shaffrey ◽  
Paul M. Arnold ◽  
Michael G. Fehlings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Cervical Spine Surgery ◽  
Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve Injury

Post-thyroidectomy superior laryngeal nerve injury

2001 ◽  
Vol 258 (9) ◽  
pp. 451-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Aluffi ◽  
M. Policarpo ◽  
C. Cherovac ◽  
M. Olina ◽  
R. Dosdegani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve Injury

scholarly journals Recurrent and superior laryngeal nerve injury in thyroid surgery: literature review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullatif Mahyoub ◽  
Alaa A. Aljohani ◽  
Abdullah J. Althobaiti ◽  
Sami S. Alharbi ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Alahmary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Nerve Monitoring ◽  
External Branch ◽  
Surgeon Experience ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve Injury ◽  
Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring

Laryngeal nerve injury is considered one of the most common complications after thyroidectomy. It is associated with decreased quality of life because it will result in hoarseness of voice and aspiration. Identification of the risk factors and procedures to decrease the injury is crucial for handling laryngeal nerve injury. We searched the MEDLINE database using PubMed. Two independent reviewers reviewed the resulting papers and reviewed them based on our inclusion criteria. Based on the review results, the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury is higher than the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, but it is mainly due to under-reporting of the external branch of superior laryngeal nerve injury. Cancer surgery, surgeon experience, workload, re-operative procedures, and extent of surgery increased the incidence of the laryngeal nerve injury. Handling of these risk factors combined with visual dissection and inspection and/or intraoperative nerve monitoring decreased the incidence of the nerve injury. In conclusion, laryngeal nerve injury is a common post thyroidectomy complication. Anatomical dissection and visual inspection combined with intraoperative nerve monitoring is the most suitable option in high-risk thyroid surgeries.

Superior laryngeal nerve injury from thyroid surgery

Head & Neck ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Teitelbaum ◽  
Barry L. Wenig
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve Injury

Superior laryngeal nerve injury to the editor

Head & Neck ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 542-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Kark ◽  
M. W. Kissin ◽  
Barry I. Wenig
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve Injury
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