scholarly journals Assessment of Relation between External Branch of Superior Laryngeal Nerve & Thyroid Gland- A Cadaveric Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
Anurag ◽  
Vishnu Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Cricoid Cartilage ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
The Body ◽  
Superior Thyroid Artery ◽  
Group I ◽  
External Branch ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

Background: The thyroid gland is essential for normal growth of the body. This study assessed relation of external branch of superior laryngeal nerve to the superior pole of the thyroid gland. Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted on 25 human cadavers having 50 superior thyroid poles of both genders. Cadavers were classified based on age groups, group I was those with age less than 39 years and group II cadavers were those with age more than 40 years of age. Various measurements were performed on cadavers. Results: 14 cadavers were I group I and 11 were in group II. The mean mass was 67.2 Kgs in group I and 59.5 Kgs in group II, time elapsed after death was 481.5 minutes in group I and 476.4 minutes in group II, mean height was 1.74 meters in group I and 1.69 meters in group II, mean BMI found to be 22.3 kg/m2in group I and 20.1 kg/m2in group II. Height found to be significant between both groups (P< 0.05). The mean distance from EBSLN to cranial point of the thyroid gland was 6.66 mm in group I and 8.96 mm in group II. The mean transverse distance from superior thyroid artery to EBSLN was 3.55 mm in group I and 5.12 mm side in group II. The mean distance of the crossing point between the most cranial point of the thyroid lobe was 6.40 mm in group I and 11.47 mm in group II. The mean distance from the EBSLN to the midline of the neck was 19.80 mm in group I and 18.58 mm in group II. The mean distance from the EBSLN to the midline of the neck on the most cranial point of the cricoid cartilage was 18.77 mm in group I and 17.80 mm in group II. Conclusion: Authors found variation in measurements in left and right side in both group I and group II.

scholarly journals Does the Position of External Branch of Superior Laryngeal Nerve change with the Height of the Patients and the Length of the Larynx

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Kithsiri J Senanayake ◽  
Ranil Fernando ◽  
Sujatha Salgado ◽  
Manjula Jayanthi
Keyword(s):  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Superior Thyroid Artery ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Anatomical Position ◽  
External Branch ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT When the external branch of superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) crosses the superior thyroid artery closer to thyroid upper pole, the EBSLN has a higher risk of getting damaged. Its anatomical position in relation to thyroid upper pole may vary with changing the height of patient and the length of larynx. We intended to test this hypothesis and predict the risk. Thirty cadavers of both sexes are dissected (29-87 years, mean 69). One cadaver excluded due to a goiter and five nerves were damaged during dissection. Therefore, 53 nerves were studied. The distance from upper pole of thyroid to the point where the nerve crosses the superior thyroid artery (TS) was measured. Cadaver length (CL), cricothyroid length (CT) and the cricohyoid length (CH) measured to the closest millimeter. Correlation of TS with CL, CT and CH was measured. The mean distance from the upper pole of the thyroid to the point where EBSLN crosses superior thyroid artery was 6.24 mm (SD 5.94). On right side, the mean distance was 4.03 mm (SD 5.34) and, on the left, 8.37 mm (SD 5.7 mm). The difference between two means was significant at 0.05 (t = 2.82, p = 0.007). There was a strong correlation between distance from the upper pole of the thyroid to the point where the nerve crosses the superior thyroid artery with CL (r = 0.98). There was moderate correlation with the CT and CH lengths (r = 0.55, 0.58 respectively). The position of EBSLN in relation to thyroid upper pole is strongly correlated with the height of the patient. The EBSLN crosses superior thyroid artery more closely to thyroid upper pole in right side. How to cite this article Senanayake KJ, Fernando R, Salgado S, Jayanthi M. Does the Position of External Branch of Superior Laryngeal Nerve change with the Height of the Patients and the Length of the Larynx. World J Endocr Surg 2012;4(1):1-2.

scholarly journals Identification and Preservation of External Branch of Superior Laryngeal Nerve in Thyroidectomy

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagyashree D Bokare ◽  
Poorva K Athavale ◽  
Vipin R Ekhar ◽  
Devendra Meghraj Mahore
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Total Thyroidectomy ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Superior Thyroid Artery ◽  
Type I ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
External Branch ◽  
Superior Pole

ABSTRACT The basic principle of head and neck surgery is based on the identification and preservation of important structures, rather than avoidance. This principle is also applicable to identification and preservation of external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) as a standard routine in all thyroid surgeries. During thyroid surgery, the EBSLN is clearly at risk due to its close proximity to the superior thyroid artery (STA) and its branches that need to be ligated during dissection of the superior pole of the thyroid gland. Injury is detrimental to the patient by causing paralysis of the cricothyroid muscle which is the main tensor and pitch controlling mechanism of the vocal folds. Injury to the EBSLN during surgery can result in the voice changes, loss of upper range and easy fatigability of voice, the severity of which varies according to the vocal demand of the patient. Total 45 cases of thyroid swellings were treated with surgery, in the Department of ENT at a tertiary care hospital during the period from 1st October 2009 to 30th October 2010. Hemithyroidectomy was the most common operative procedure implemented in 24 patients (53.33%) in which right sided was common. Next common procedure performed was that of total thyroidectomy in 14 patients (31.11%). Four patients underwent total thyroidectomy with neck dissection. The position of EBSLN was classified according the Cernea et al classification. In our study we found the EBSLN to be type I in 46.66%, type IIa in 73.33% and type IIb in 02.22%. The anatomical landmark taken into consideration to identify EBSLN was the Joll's triangle with its relation to the superior pole of the thyroid gland and STA. How to cite this article Athavale PK, Bokare BD, Ekhar VR, Mahore DM. Identification and Preservation of External Branch of Superior Laryngeal Nerve in Thyroidectomy. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2013;3(2):39-41.

Study of Some “Intrinsic Risk Factors” that Can Enhance an Iatrogenic Injury of the External Branch of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Cesar Furlan ◽  
Anói Castro Cordeiro ◽  
Lenine Garcia Brandã
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Human Adult ◽  
External Branch ◽  
Anatomic Relationship

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates some “intrinsic risk factors” for a surgical injury of the external branch of superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) based on its anatomic relationship with the thyroid gland. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Seventy-two neck dissections were performed in 36 fresh human adult cadavers. Every EBSLN was dissected and categorized using Cernea's classification. All data regarding gender, ethnicity, stature, side of the neck, and volume of hemi thyroid were collected and statistically analyzed by the χ 2 –test and analysis of variance. RESULTS: Although no statistical differences were observed between genders ( P = 0.3770), ethnicities ( P = 0.9780) or sides of the neck ( P = 0.2523), statistical significance was reached regarding the nerve type when the groups were divided by stature ( P = 0.0006) and glandular volume ( P = 0.0007). CONCLUSION: Individual stature and volume of the hemi thyroid gland are probably involved in risk of the surgical EBSLN injury. SIGNIFICANCE: Surgeons should be aware of these anatomic findings in order to obtain a good voice-related outcome in the thyroidectomies.

scholarly journals Assessment of Effect of Exercise on Body Composition in Obese and Overweight

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Reshma Shireesha ◽  
Obulesu Obulesu
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Aim: To assess the effect of exercise on body composition in obese and overweight. Methods: A total of seventy- two overweight subjects of either gender were enrolled for the study. Two groups were prepared. One group was experimental group (n=36) and the second group was control group (n=36). Parameter such as age, height and weight was recorded. On the basis of variables body mass Index and body fat percentage of every subject was determined. The experiment group were put on aerobic exercises spread over duration of four weeks. Results: The mean height in group I was 163.7 cm and 165.4 cm in group II. Weight was 65.2 kg and 63.5 kgs in group II, BMI (Kg/m2) was 29.4 and 29.1, body fat was 29.3% and 29.6% in group I and II respectively. A significant difference was observed (P< 0.05). The mean pre- test BMI was 29.6 and 38.5 and post- test value was 26.4 and 38.9 in group I and II respectively. A significant difference was observed (P< 0.05). Conclusions: Regular physical activity appears to confer a health benefit to the people. There was a positive relationship between aerobic exercises and overweight women in order to reduce the value of fat in the body.

scholarly journals Relation of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve to the superior pole of the thyroid gland: An anatomical study

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 516-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Naidoo ◽  
J.M. Boon ◽  
C.J. Mieny ◽  
P.J. Becker ◽  
A.-N. van Schoor
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
External Branch ◽  
Superior Pole
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