scholarly journals Measuring Information Coupling between the Solar Wind and the Magnetosphere–Ionosphere System

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Mirko Stumpo ◽  
Giuseppe Consolini ◽  
Tommaso Alberti ◽  
Virgilio Quattrociocchi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Interplanetary Magnetic Field ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Earth’S Magnetosphere ◽  
Geomagnetic Indices ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Earth's Magnetosphere

The interaction between the solar wind and the Earth’s magnetosphere–ionosphere system is very complex, being essentially the result of the interplay between an external driver, the solar wind, and internal processes to the magnetosphere–ionosphere system. In this framework, modelling the Earth’s magnetosphere–ionosphere response to the changes of the solar wind conditions requires a correct identification of the causality relations between the different parameters/quantities used to monitor this coupling. Nowadays, in the framework of complex dynamical systems, both linear statistical tools and Granger causality models drastically fail to detect causal relationships between time series. Conversely, information theory-based concepts can provide powerful model-free statistical quantities capable of disentangling the complex nature of the causal relationships. In this work, we discuss how to deal with the problem of measuring causal information in the solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere system. We show that a time delay of about 30–60 min is found between solar wind and magnetospheric and ionospheric overall dynamics as monitored by geomagnetic indices, with a great information transfer observed between the z component of the interplanetary magnetic field and geomagnetic indices, while a lower transfer is found when other solar wind parameters are considered. This suggests that the best candidate for modelling the geomagnetic response to solar wind changes is the interplanetary magnetic field component B z . A discussion of the relevance of our results in the framework of Space Weather is also provided.

scholarly journals Solar wind interaction with the Earth's magnetosphere: the role of reconnection in the presence of a large scale sheared flow

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Califano ◽  
M. Faganello ◽  
F. Pegoraro ◽  
F. Valentini
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Magnetic Layer ◽  
Magnetic Islands ◽  
Solar Wind Interaction ◽  
Earth’S Magnetosphere ◽  
Earth's Magnetosphere

Abstract. The Earth's magnetosphere and solar wind environment is a laboratory of excellence for the study of the physics of collisionless magnetic reconnection. At low latitude magnetopause, magnetic reconnection develops as a secondary instability due to the stretching of magnetic field lines advected by large scale Kelvin-Helmholtz vortices. In particular, reconnection takes place in the sheared magnetic layer that forms between adjacent vortices during vortex pairing. The process generates magnetic islands with typical size of the order of the ion inertial length, much smaller than the MHD scale of the vortices and much larger than the electron inertial length. The process of reconnection and island formation sets up spontaneously, without any need for special boundary conditions or initial conditions, and independently of the initial in-plane magnetic field topology, whether homogeneous or sheared.

scholarly journals Interplanetary magnetic field rotations followed from L1 to the ground: the response of the Earth's magnetosphere as seen by multi-spacecraft and ground-based observations

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1549-1569 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Volwerk ◽  
J. Berchem ◽  
Y. V. Bogdanova ◽  
O. D. Constantinescu ◽  
M. W. Dunlop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Earth’S Magnetosphere ◽  
Solar Wind Magnetic Field ◽  
Earth's Magnetosphere ◽  
High Dynamic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Current Systems ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Abstract. A study of the interaction of solar wind magnetic field rotations with the Earth's magnetosphere is performed. For this event there is, for the first time, a full coverage over the dayside magnetosphere with multiple (multi)spacecraft missions from dawn to dusk, combined with ground magnetometers, radar and an auroral camera, this gives a unique coverage of the response of the Earth's magnetosphere. After a long period of southward IMF Bz and high dynamic pressure of the solar wind, the Earth's magnetosphere is eroded and compressed and reacts quickly to the turning of the magnetic field. We use data from the solar wind monitors ACE and Wind and from magnetospheric missions Cluster, THEMIS, DoubleStar and Geotail to investigate the behaviour of the magnetic rotations as they move through the bow shock and magnetosheath. The response of the magnetosphere is investigated through ground magnetometers and auroral keograms. It is found that the solar wind magnetic field drapes over the magnetopause, while still co-moving with the plasma flow at the flanks. The magnetopause reacts quickly to IMF Bz changes, setting up field aligned currents, poleward moving aurorae and strong ionospheric convection. Timing of the structures between the solar wind, magnetosheath and the ground shows that the advection time of the structures, using the solar wind velocity, correlates well with the timing differences between the spacecraft. The reaction time of the magnetopause and the ionospheric current systems to changes in the magnetosheath Bz seem to be almost immediate, allowing for the advection of the structure measured by the spacecraft closest to the magnetopause.

scholarly journals Turbulence in a global magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the Earth's magnetosphere during northward and southward interplanetary magnetic field

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. El-Alaoui ◽  
R. L. Richard ◽  
M. Ashour-Abdalla ◽  
R. J. Walker ◽  
M. L. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Interplanetary Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Wind Plasma ◽  
Inertial Range ◽  
Earth’S Magnetosphere ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Power Spectral Densities ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Earth's Magnetosphere

Abstract. We report the results of MHD simulations of Earth's magnetosphere for idealized steady solar wind plasma and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. The simulations feature purely northward and southward magnetic fields and were designed to study turbulence in the magnetotail plasma sheet. We found that the power spectral densities (PSDs) for both northward and southward IMF had the characteristics of turbulent flow. In both cases, the PSDs showed the three scale ranges expected from theory: the energy-containing scale, the inertial range, and the dissipative range. The results were generally consistent with in-situ observations and theoretical predictions. While the two cases studied, northward and southward IMF, had some similar characteristics, there were significant differences as well. For southward IMF, localized reconnection was the main energy source for the turbulence. For northward IMF, remnant reconnection contributed to driving the turbulence. Boundary waves may also have contributed. In both cases, the PSD slopes had spatial distributions in the dissipative range that reflected the pattern of resistive dissipation. For southward IMF there was a trend toward steeper slopes in the dissipative range with distance down the tail. For northward IMF there was a marked dusk-dawn asymmetry with steeper slopes on the dusk side of the tail. The inertial scale PSDs had a dusk-dawn symmetry during the northward IMF interval with steeper slopes on the dawn side. This asymmetry was not found in the distribution of inertial range slopes for southward IMF. The inertial range PSD slopes were clustered around values close to the theoretical expectation for both northward and southward IMF. In the dissipative range, however, the slopes were broadly distributed and the median values were significantly different, consistent with a different distribution of resistivity.

scholarly journals Magnetospheric access for solar protons during the January 2005 SEP event

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. A55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Kalegaev ◽  
Natalia A. Vlasova ◽  
Ilya S. Nazarkov ◽  
Sophia A. Melkova
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Interplanetary Magnetic Field ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Energetic Particle ◽  
Field Model ◽  
Solar Energetic Particle ◽  
Earth’S Magnetosphere ◽  
Earth's Magnetosphere ◽  
Magnetic Field Model

The early phase of the extraordinary solar energetic particle 20 January, 2005 event having the highest peak flux of any SEP in the past 50 years of protons with energies > 100 MeV is studied. Solar energetic particles (>16 MeV) entry to the Earth’s magnetosphere on January 20, 2005 under northward interplanetary magnetic field conditions is considered based on multi-satellite data analysis and magnetic field simulation. Solar wind parameters and interplanetary magnetic field data, as well as calculations in terms of the A2000 magnetospheric magnetic field model were used to specify conditions in the Earth’s environment corresponding to solar proton event. It was shown that during the early phase of the event energetic particle penetration into the magnetosphere took place in the regions on the magnetopause where the magnetospheric and interplanetary magnetic field vectors are parallel. Complex analysis of the experimental data on particle fluxes in the interplanetary medium (data from ACE spacecraft) and on low-altitude (POES) and geosynchronous (GOES) orbits inside the Earth’s magnetosphere show two regions on the magnetopause responsible for particle access to the magnetosphere: the near equatorial day-side region and open field lines window at the high-latitude magnetospheric boundary. Calculations in terms of A2000 magnetospheric magnetic field model and comparison with SuperDARN images support the link between high-latitude solar energetic particle precipitations and the region at the magnetopause where the magnetospheric field is coupled with northward IMF, allowing solar particles entrance into the magnetosphere and access to the northern polar cap.

scholarly journals DIAMAGNETIC PLASMOIDS AS PART OF DIAMAGNETIC STRUCTURES OF THE SLOW SOLAR WIND AND THEIR IMPACT ON EARTH’S MAGNETOSPHERE

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-54
Author(s):  
Vladimir Parhomov ◽  
Viktor Eselevich ◽  
Maxim Eselevich ◽  
Aleksey Dmitriev ◽  
Tatyana Vedernikova
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Slow Solar Wind ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Earth’S Magnetosphere ◽  
Earth's Magnetosphere ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Magnetic Disturbances ◽  
Density Plasma

We have shown that diamagnetic structures (DSs), which form the basis of the slow quasi-stationary solar wind (SW), are observed in Earth’s orbit as a sequence of DSs of various scales. The analysis of this phenomenon indicates that diamagnetic plasmoids in SW, whose concept was introduced by Karlsson in 2015, are identical to small-scale DSs. We have found that the impact of a sequence of DSs in the slow SW on Earth’s magnetosphere causes an increase in geomagnetic activity. Isolated DSs generate short-term magnetic disturbances whose duration is approximately equal to the DS duration. Hence, a sequence of DSs can cause sawtooth substorms. We emphasize that the interaction of DS in the slow SW under northward interplanetary magnetic field can be associated with penetration of DS high-density plasma into the magnetosphere.

scholarly journals DIAMAGNETIC PLASMOIDS AS PART OF DIAMAGNETIC STRUCTURES OF THE SLOW SOLAR WIND AND THEIR IMPACT ON EARTH’S MAGNETOSPHERE

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Parhomov ◽  
Viktor Eselevich ◽  
Maxim Eselevich ◽  
Aleksey Dmitriev ◽  
Tatyana Vedernikova
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Slow Solar Wind ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Earth’S Magnetosphere ◽  
Earth's Magnetosphere ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Magnetic Disturbances ◽  
Density Plasma

We have shown that diamagnetic structures (DSs), which form the basis of the slow quasi-stationary solar wind (SW), are observed in Earth’s orbit as a sequence of DSs of various scales. The analysis of this phenomenon indicates that diamagnetic plasmoids in SW, whose concept was introduced by Karlsson in 2015, are identical to small-scale DSs. We have found that the impact of a sequence of DSs in the slow SW on Earth’s magnetosphere causes an increase in geomagnetic activity. Isolated DSs generate short-term magnetic disturbances whose duration is approximately equal to the DS duration. Hence, a sequence of DSs can cause sawtooth substorms. We emphasize that the interaction of DS in the slow SW under northward interplanetary magnetic field can be associated with penetration of DS high-density plasma into the magnetosphere.

H-Cmes and Ii-Type Radio Bursts Related Intense Geomagnetic Storms in Relation With Interplanetary Magnetic Field and Solar Wind Disturbances

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar Gupta ◽  
◽  
Puspraj Singh Puspraj Singh ◽  
Puspraj Singh Puspraj Singh ◽  
P. K. Chamadia P. K. Chamadia
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Interplanetary Magnetic Field ◽  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Radio Bursts ◽  
Solar Wind Disturbances
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document