scholarly journals Analysis of HIV/AIDS Epidemic and Socioeconomic Factors in Sub-Saharan Africa

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuman Sun ◽  
Zhiming Li ◽  
Huiguo Zhang ◽  
Haijun Jiang ◽  
Xijian Hu
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

Sub-Saharan Africa has been the epicenter of the outbreak since the spread of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) began to be prevalent. This article proposes several regression models to investigate the relationships between the HIV/AIDS epidemic and socioeconomic factors (the gross domestic product per capita, and population density) in ten countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, for 2011–2016. The maximum likelihood method was used to estimate the unknown parameters of these models along with the Newton–Raphson procedure and Fisher scoring algorithm. Comparing these regression models, there exist significant spatiotemporal non-stationarity and auto-correlations between the HIV/AIDS epidemic and two socioeconomic factors. Based on the empirical results, we suggest that the geographically and temporally weighted Poisson autoregressive (GTWPAR) model is more suitable than other models, and has the better fitting results.

scholarly journals Reality or utopia: eradication of the AIDS epidemic in Guinea-Bissau by 2030

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (suppl 5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amiry Monteiro Sanca ◽  
Daila Alena Raenck da Silva ◽  
Cristianne Maria Famer Rocha ◽  
Deise Lisboa Riquinho
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Guinea Bissau ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sociocultural Diversity ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Reflective Study ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
International Strategies

ABSTRACT Objectives: to reflect on the implementation of an integrated strategy to eradicate the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic in Guinea-Bissau by 2030. Methods: a reflective study. Reflection: Guinea-Bissau is a Portuguese-speaking country located in Sub-Saharan Africa, in constant political and economic instability. Among its characteristics are sociocultural diversity and high rates of morbidity and mortality from causes related to infection by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. In the quest to eradicate the AIDS epidemic by 2030, instituted especially by the United Nations, it is noted that political and socio-cultural factors transformed eradication of the AIDS epidemic by 2030 into a utopia. Final Considerations: international strategies, although ambitious, are considered opportunities for countries to propose and build public policies capable of changing the existing reality.

Stigma, Discrimination, and Ostracization: HIV/AIDS Infection in Nigeria

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adesola O. Oyelese
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hiv Aids

The AIDS epidemic continues and HIV-infected persons continue to suffer stigmatization and discrimination in Nigeria. The results of an open-ended questionnaire administered non-randomly in Ile-Ife and Ilesa in the late 1990s confirm this. Six questions on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) were asked; 83 (36.4%) males and 145 (63.6%) females aged between 11 and 60 years responded. The respondents included 101 students, 49 civil servants, 39 artisans and traders. Others included 29 health professionals (doctors and nurses, etc.), 8 teachers, and 2 commercial sex workers. The median of negative responses (rejection) is 42.2%. It is concluded that there still exists a significant but suppressed or subtle stigmatization and discrimination against HIV-infected people, a major constraint in the management and control of HIV/AIDS.

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy and JC Virus Genotypes in West African Patients With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-403
Author(s):  
Sylvester C. Chima ◽  
Hansjürgen T. Agostini ◽  
Caroline F. Ryschkewitsch ◽  
Sebastian B. Lucas ◽  
Gerald L. Stoner
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Jc Virus ◽  
West African ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Virus Genotypes ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
African Patients ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Abstract Objective—Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is caused by polyomavirus JC in immunosuppressed patients. JC virus genotypes are identified by sequence analysis of the viral genome. Despite the prevalence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in sub-Saharan Africa, few cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy have been reported from this region. Here we describe 4 African cases and provide an analysis of viral genotypes. Methods.—Immunohistochemical staining by labeled streptavidin-biotin for capsid protein antigen was performed on all cases. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of viral genomic DNA was followed by direct cycle sequencing. Results.—JC virus type 3 was identified in 2 cases, and type 6 was isolated in 1 case. The viral regulatory region from 1 case showed an uncommon rearrangement pattern. Conclusions.—Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in West African patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is caused by African genotypes of JC virus (types 3 and 6). The prevalence of disease in this autopsy series from sub-Saharan Africa (1.5%) was less than has been reported from Europe and the United States (4% to 10%) and may be partly due to biological differences in JC virus genotypes. Further studies will be needed to confirm this observation.

scholarly journals The HIV/AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa: thinking ahead on programmatic tasks and related operational research

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. S7-S7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rony Zachariah ◽  
Wim Van Damme ◽  
Vic Arendt ◽  
Jean Claude Schmit ◽  
Anthony D Harries
Keyword(s):  
Operational Research ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv Aids

1. The emergence and state of the HIV and AIDS epidemic

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Alan Whiteside
Keyword(s):  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Marginal Groups ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Hiv Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

‘The emergence and state of the HIV and AIDS epidemic’ outlines the emergence of HIV/AIDS, charting the current state of the disease globally. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) virus. The spread of AIDS is a complex, long-wave, epidemic event, with waves of spread followed by waves of impact. The future of HIV/AIDS is, epidemiologically, reasonably predictable. Unless the virus mutates and becomes more easily transmitted it will be contained. Science is advancing, with new treatments becoming available and technological prevention methods, microbicides, and vaccines in the pipeline. The impacts are less certain, but will be confined to the worst affected countries and most marginal groups.

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