The status, challenges, and trends: an interpretation of technology roadmap of intelligent and connected vehicles in China (2020)

Purpose The rapid development of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles (ICVs) has boomed a new round of global technological and industrial revolution in recent decades. The Technology Roadmap of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles (2020) comprehensively analyzes the technical architecture, research status and future trends of ICVs. The methodology that supports the roadmap should get studied. Design/methodology/approach This paper interprets the roadmap from the aspects of strategic significance, technical content and characteristics of the roadmap, and evaluates the impact of the roadmap on researchers, industries and international strategies. Findings The technical architecture of ICVs as the “three rows and two columns” structure is studied, the methodology that supported the roadmap is explained with a case study and the influence of key technologies with proposed development routes is analyzed. Originality/value This paper could help researchers understand both thoughts and methodologies behind the technology roadmap of ICVs.

Counter-insurgency governance in the Sahel

Since 2013, the multiplication of regional and international strategies and actions directed at stabilizing Mali and the Sahel, and at countering and preventing violent extremism, has not improved the situation there and, arguably, some of it has made it worse. This article analyses the type of political order and regional governance that has been and is being built after almost a decade of international interventions in the West African Sahel. It is an effort at theorizing and making sense of what is considered here to be a permanent state of intervention in the Sahel that has evolved into a form of counterinsurgency governance—a concept being proposed to point to the influence and the infusion of counterinsurgency principles into philosophies of governance. This article argues that counterinsurgency governance insists on a set of power relations and configurations that seeks to impose limits, parameters and boundaries to the purpose of and the form that Sahelian states, governments and governance ought to take. As such, counterinsurgency governance is simultaneously a mode of governance and a web of political practices and contestation whose mechanisms have failed at fully implementing its principles in the Sahel. Its fallback is the emergence of a regional strategy to manage and establish limits to Sahelian political possibilities.

INTERNATIONAL STRATEGIES IN MODERNIZATION TRAINING OF EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT SPECIALISTS IN THE EUROPEAN HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM

The article analyzes the impact of international strategies for modernization of education on the content of training specialists in educational management in the European higher education system. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the influence of international strategies for the modernization of education on the content of training specialists in educational management in the European system of higher education. The research was carried out on the basis of methods of theoretical generalization; comparative analysis; methods of grouping and systematization. It is revealed that in modern conditions, among the fac-tors of development of European higher education, three important ones are substantiated, which are direct-ly related to the development of the educational space: smart growth: development of the economy based on knowledge and innovation; sustainable growth: creating an economy based on the rational use of resources, ecology and competition; inclusive growth: promoting employment, social and territorial consensus. The strategic goal of the national policy of the EU in the field of education at the beginning of the XXI century there are problems of purposeful influence on the conditions and preconditions for the implementation of the rules of law, focusing on the benefits of modernization of educational activities in the period of transfor-mation, improvement of the entire education system and the mechanism of realization of the constitutional right to education. The areas that have the greatest impact on the process of training specialists in education management in European education are identified: focus on methodological support of activities within Eu-ropean education; standardization of educational content, licensing, certification and accreditation of educa-tional institutions, recognition of qualifications at the level of higher education; improving the education management system, decentralization and diversification in education. It is emphasized that the develop-ment of human capital is at the heart of the global development strategy

On the effect of international human migration on nations’ abilities to attain CO2 emission-reduction targets

I merge publicly available data on CO2 emissions, with patterns of human movement, to analyze the anticipated effects of human migration on the abilities of nations to attain 2030 UNFCCC CO2 emission targets. I do so at both global (175 countries) and national (Canada and the USA) scales. The analyses reveal that mean per capita CO2 emissions are nearly three times higher in countries with net immigration than in countries with net emigration. Those differences project a cumulative migration-induced annual increase in global emissions of approximately 1.7 billion tonnes. For Canada and the United States, the projected total emissions attributable to migration from 2021 to 2030 vary between 0.7 and 0.9 billion tonnes. Although staggering, the annual and total emissions represent a small fraction of current global emissions totalling 36 billion tonnes per annum. Even so, the projected decadal immigration of nearly 4 million humans to Canada, and 10 million to the USA, represent significant additional challenges in reducing CO2 emissions. The challenges pale in comparison with poor nations that are minor contributors to climate change. Such nations face the incomprehensible burden of improving the quality of their citizens’ lives without increasing global CO2 emissions. National and international strategies aimed at lowering emissions must thus acknowledge, and cooperatively address, consumptive inequities and expected increases in human population size and migration.

International strategies of Chinese tourism MNEs: the impact of the belt and Road Initiative and state ownership

PurposeThe Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), an ambitious plan led by the Chinese government aiming to reach a close integration between countries, is reshaping the global institutional landscape. Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs) play a leading role in the BRI and they usually follow an unconventional behavior derived from the institutional influence of their home government. Prior research reports that institutional distance between home and host countries has an impact on multinational enterprises’ (MNEs’) ownership level in their foreign subsidiaries. Therefore, our aim is to investigate how institutional distance, the BRI and state ownership affect Chinese tourism MNEs' ownership level in their cross-border acquisitions.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the institutional theory, this study develops several hypotheses that are tested using a sample of Chinese MNEs from accommodation, travel agencies, transport and leisure/entertainment industries.FindingsThe results show that the idiosyncratic characteristics of being an emerging-market MNE belonging to a soft-service industry is associated with a positive relationship between institutional distance and a high ownership level in cross-border acquisitions. They also indicate that targeting a country included in the BRI and being an SOE negatively moderates that relationship.Originality/valueThis study extends institutional theory in the case of tourism firms from an emerging economy. It also addresses an under-research topic in the literature, namely, how the BRI is leading Chinese tourism MNEs to redesign their international strategies.