scholarly journals Scaling Analysis of an Image Encryption Scheme Based on Chaotic Dynamical Systems

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 672
Author(s):  
L. E. Reyes-López ◽  
J. S. Murguía ◽  
H. González-Aguilar ◽  
M. T. Ramírez-Torres ◽  
M. Mejía-Carlos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Encryption ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Encryption Scheme ◽  
Complete Evaluation ◽  
Substitution Boxes ◽  
Encrypted Images ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hyperchaotic Systems

Despite that many image encryption systems based on chaotic or hyperchaotic systems have been proposed to protect different kinds of information, it has been crucial to achieve as much security as possible in such systems. In this sense, we numerically implement a known image encryption system with some variants, making special emphasis when two operations are considered in the scrambling stage. The variants of such an encryption system are based on some hyperchaotic systems, which generated some substitution boxes and the keys of the system. With the aim to have a more complete evaluation, some internal stages of the image encryption scheme have been evaluated by using common statistical tests, and also the scaling behavior of the encrypted images has been calculated by means of a two-dimensional detrended fluctuation analysis (2D-DFA). Our results show that the image encryption systems that include two operations or transformations in the scrambling stage present a better performance than those encryption systems that consider just one operation. In fact, the 2D-DFA approach was more sensitive than some common statistical tests to determine more clearly the impact of multiple operations in the scrambling process, confirming that this scaling method can be used as a perceptual security metric, and it may contribute to having better image encryption systems.

scholarly journals An image encryption scheme employing key related skipping

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Oravec ◽  
Ján Turán ◽  
L’uboš Ovseník ◽  
Tomáš Huszaník
Keyword(s):  
Phase Space ◽  
Image Encryption ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Logistic Map ◽  
Encryption Algorithm ◽  
Encryption Scheme ◽  
Image Pixels ◽  
Encrypted Images ◽  
Image Encryption Algorithm ◽  
Chaotic Logistic Map

Abstract This paper describes an image encryption algorithm which utilizes chaotic logistic map. Values generated by this map are used in two steps of algorithm which shuffles image pixels and then changes their intensities. Design of the encryption scheme considers possibility of various attacks, such as statistical, differential or phase space reconstruction attacks. Robustness against last mentioned type of attacks is introduced by selective skipping of values generated by the map. This skipping depends on key entered by user. The paper also verifies properties of proposed algorithm by common measures and by set of statistical tests that examine randomness of computed encrypted images. Results are compared with other approaches and they are also briefly discussed.

Image encryption with an improved cryptosystem based on a matrix approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1450054 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Ramírez-Torres ◽  
J. S. Murguía ◽  
M. Mejía Carlos
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Image Encryption ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Encryption Scheme ◽  
Matrix Approach ◽  
Plain Text ◽  
Encryption And Decryption ◽  
Random Bit Generator ◽  
Main Components

This paper carries out the image encryption with a revised and modified cryptosystem based on a rule-90 cellular automaton. For this purpose, we used an appropriate and convenient matrix approach to implement the main components of the encryption system, two indexed families of permutations and a pseudo-random bit generator. Furthermore, we modify the encryption scheme for improving its security. This makes our encryption proposal resist some common attacks, e.g. chosen plain-text attack, and the encryption and decryption processes are performed in a flexible way. Also, some security aspects of the cryptosystem are evaluated with a series of statistical tests exhibiting good results. It is believed that this proposal fits naturally in the present digital technology and is capable of achieving high levels of performance.

Color Image Encryption Scheme Based on Chaotic Map

2012 ◽  
Vol 182-183 ◽  
pp. 1800-1804
Author(s):  
Jin Qiu ◽  
Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Image Encryption ◽  
Stream Cipher ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Chaotic Map ◽  
Linear Feedback ◽  
Encryption Scheme ◽  
Color Image Encryption ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Feedback Shift Register

In this paper, a chaos-based image encryption scheme with stream cipher structure is proposed. The key component of the encryption system is a pseudo-random bit generator (PRBG) based on a chaotic map and a linear feedback shift register. The proposed PRBG is not only passes the statistical tests, but also improve the security. The overall design of the image encryption scheme is to be explained while detail cryptanalysis is given.

An Improved Image Encryption Scheme Based on a Non-Linear Chaotic Algorithm and Substitution Boxes

Informatica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Sher Khan ◽  
Muazzam Ali Khan ◽  
Jawad Ahmad ◽  
Seong Oun Hwang ◽  
Waqas Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Image Encryption ◽  
Encryption Scheme ◽  
Substitution Boxes ◽  
Non Linear

Scaling analysis of hyperchaotic time series

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (07) ◽  
pp. 1750094 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Murguía
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Detrended Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Dynamical Evolution ◽  
Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Detrended Fluctuation ◽  
Hyperchaotic Systems

The time series of the states of several well-known hyperchaotic systems are analyzed numerically using the detrended fluctuation analysis based on the discrete wavelet transform. We report the finding of significant scaling behaviors (power-law like) in some of these time series, which can be used as an additional characteristic distinguishing the dynamical evolution of such systems.

Key Independent Image Deciphering using Neighbourhood Similarity Characteristics and Divide-And-Conquer Attack

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Ratan ◽  
Arvind Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Image Encryption ◽  
Divide And Conquer ◽  
Image Similarity ◽  
Encryption Scheme ◽  
Encrypted Image ◽  
Security Applications ◽  
Image Cipher ◽  
Encryption Schemes ◽  
Encrypted Images ◽  
Future Work

Aim: The aim of the paper is to analyse the security strength of image encryption schemes which are based on pixel rotation and inversion functions. The key independent image decryption methodologies are presented to obtain original images with intelligible contents from encrypted images using neighbourhood similarity characteristics and divide-and-conquer attack. Background: The efficiency and security strength of secure communication of sensitive data depends on the computing resources and cryptographic strength of encryption schemes. An encryption scheme is cryptographically strong if it does not leave any weakness, vulnerability or pattern which could be exploited by cryptanalyst to obtain original image from an encrypted image. Prior to use of any image encryption scheme for multimedia security applications, it should be analysed for its security strength to ensure the safety of information so that an adversary could not extract intelligible information from encrypted image data. A number of encryption schemes developed for image security applications and claimed highly secure but some of these are cryptanalyzed and found insecure. Objective: The analysis of image ciphers which encrypt plain images by transforming its pixels using circular rotation or inversion function in a random fashion is carried out to decrypt encrypted images to obtain original images. The encryption schemes, namely ‘Chaotic Image Encryption (CIE)’ and ‘Graphical Image Encryption (GIE)’, were reported secure but we find that these schemes are insecure and meaningful information can be obtained. We exploit image similarity characteristics to mount cryptanalytic attacks to obtain original images without any knowledge of the encryption/decryption keys. These encryption schemes encrypting the specified region-of-interest (ROI) are also analysed to decrypt ROI encrypted images. Method: The methodology of decryption is key independent and based on divide-and-conquer strategy to obtain original images from given encrypted images. It utilizes the neighbourhood similarity of pixels in an image which is measured in terms of pixel-to-pixel difference between adjacent pixels for pixel inversion based image cipher (GIE) and line-to-line correlation between adjacent lines for pixel rotation based image cipher (CIE). The ROI encrypted and masked encrypted images are also decrypted. Results: Experimental test results show that the decrypted images obtained are quite intelligible and one can understand the contents of decrypted images. It is also seen that an image cipher encrypting the ROI can be decrypted by utilizing unencrypted region surrounding encrypted ROI part of an image. Conclusion: It has been shown that CIE, GIE, ROI and masked encryption schemes reported for image security applications are insecure and not providing adequate security. Such encrypted images can be decrypted without key knowledge successfully with quite intelligibility by considering image similarity characteristics of neighbouring pixels and applying divide-and-conquer attack strategy. Future work: The presented key independent decryption methodology can be considered to cryptanalyze the encryption schemes under noise attack scenario as future work to see the applicability of decryption methods with respect to increase the noise in encrypted images. Moreover, other modern encryption schemes based on pixel inversion and rotation functions can be analysed for their security strength.

scholarly journals Grayscale-based block scrambling image encryption using YCbCr color space for encryption-then-compression systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warit Sirichotedumrong ◽  
Hitoshi Kiya
Keyword(s):  
Image Encryption ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Encryption Scheme ◽  
Brute Force ◽  
Jigsaw Puzzle ◽  
Color Information ◽  
Compression Performance ◽  
Ycbcr Color Space ◽  
Encrypted Images

AbstractA novel grayscale-based block scrambling image encryption scheme is presented not only to enhance security, but also to improve the compression performance for Encryption-then-Compression (EtC) systems with JPEG compression, which are used to securely transmit images through an untrusted channel provider. The proposed scheme enables the use of a smaller block size and a larger number of blocks than the color-based image encryption scheme. Images encrypted using the proposed scheme include less color information due to the use of grayscale images even when the original image has three color channels. These features enhance security against various attacks, such as jigsaw puzzle solver and brute-force attacks. Moreover, generating the grayscale-based images from a full-color image in YCbCr color space allows the use of color sub-sampling operation, which can provide the higher compression performance than the conventional grayscale-based encryption scheme, although the encrypted images have no color information. In an experiment, encrypted images were uploaded to and then downloaded from Twitter and Facebook, and the results demonstrated that the proposed scheme is effective for EtC systems and enhances the compression performance, while maintaining the security against brute-force and jigsaw puzzle solver attacks.

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