scholarly journals Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Based on Multi-Features Combination Network in Cognitive Radio Network

Entropy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Mingdong Xu ◽  
Zhendong Yin ◽  
Yanlong Zhao ◽  
Zhilu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Cognitive Radio Network ◽  
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Primary User ◽  
Radio Spectrum ◽  
Local Information ◽  
Channel State ◽  
Single Node

cognitive radio, as a key technology to improve the utilization of radio spectrum, acquired much attention. Moreover, spectrum sensing has an irreplaceable position in the field of cognitive radio and was widely studied. The convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and the gate recurrent unit (GRU) are complementary in their modelling capabilities. In this paper, we introduce a CNN-GRU network to obtain the local information for single-node spectrum sensing, in which CNN is used to extract spatial feature and GRU is used to extract the temporal feature. Then, the combination network receives the features extracted by the CNN-GRU network to achieve multifeatures combination and obtains the final cooperation result. The cooperative spectrum sensing scheme based on Multifeatures Combination Network enhances the sensing reliability by fusing the local information from different sensing nodes. To accommodate the detection of multiple types of signals, we generated 8 kinds of modulation types to train the model. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the cooperative spectrum sensing algorithm proposed in this paper improved detection performance with no prior knowledge about the information of primary user or channel state. Our proposed method achieved competitive performance under the condition of large dynamic signal-to-noise ratio.

scholarly journals Efficient Utilization of Cooperative Spectrum Sensing (CSS) in Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) Using Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
BALACHANDER T ◽  
Mukesh Krishnan M B
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Cognitive Radio Network ◽  
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Primary User ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Radio Network ◽  
Secondary Users

Abstract In the recent past, efficient cooperative spectrum sensing and usage are playing a vital role in wireless communication because of the significant progress of mobile devices. There is a recent surge and interest on Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) focused on communication powered by wireless mode. In modern research, more attention has been focused on efficient and accurate Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA). NOMA wireless communication is highly adapted with Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) for improving performance. In the existing cognitive radio network, the secondary users could be able to access the idle available spectrum while primary users are engaged. In the traditional CRN, the primary user’s frequency bands are sensed as free, the secondary users could be utilized those bands of frequency resources. In this research, the novel methodology is proposed for cooperative spectrum sensing in CRN for 5G wireless communication using NOMA. The higher cooperative spectrum efficiency can be detected in the presence of channel noise. Cooperative spectrum sensing is used to improve the efficient utilization of spectrum. The spectrum bands with license authority primary user are shared by Secondary Users (SU) by simultaneously transmitting information with Primary Users (PU). The cooperative spectrum sensing provides well under the circumstances that the different channel interference to the primary user can be guaranteed to be negligible than an assured thresholding value. The Noisy Channel State Information (CSI) like AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels are considered as wireless transmission mediums for transmitting a signal using Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) NOMA to increase the number of users. The proposed NOMA is fascinated with significant benefits in CRN is an essential wireless communication method for upcoming 5G technology. From experimental results it has been proved that the novel methodology performance is efficient and accurate than existing methodologies by showing graphical representations and tabulated parameters.

scholarly journals Implementation of Eigenvalue Based Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio

2020 ◽  
pp. 495-498
Author(s):  
Aswatha R ◽  
Nithya S ◽  
Dhivya S ◽  
Priyadharsini S ◽  
Soundararaj R D
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Primary User ◽  
Radio Spectrum ◽  
Communication Services ◽  
Good Efficiency ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Effective Technology ◽  
New Applications

Wireless communication services have been growing in recent years because of easy implementation and evidence of connectivity in remote areas. With this evolution, high-quality connectivity to the wireless frequency spectrum has led to largespectrum use. Therefore the available radio spectrum is in great demand. Radio spectrum is a finite resource and hard to assign spectrum frequency for new applications. Cognitive radio (CR) is an effective technology which makes it possible to use it effectively.The aim is to introduce cooperative spectrum sensing based on eigenvalue using NI-USRP hardware platform and achieve good efficiency. In this article, a transmitter is used as primary user and implemented in hardwareby using two cognitive radio users. The implementation is achieved with LABVIEW and detection performance is evaluated.

scholarly journals Spectrum Efficiency Optimization for UAV-Based Cognitive Radio Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Hongwei Zhang ◽  
Xinyu Da ◽  
Hang Hu ◽  
Lei Ni ◽  
Yu Pan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Cognitive Radio Network ◽  
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Time Slot ◽  
Primary User ◽  
Spectrum Efficiency ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Radio Network ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

Unmanned aerial vehicle- (UAV-) assisted communication has great potential to provide on-demand wireless services and improve the outdoor link throughput. In this paper, a UAV-based cognitive radio network (CRN) is investigated in which the UAV works as a secondary user (SU). Considering the overlay spectrum sensing mode, the UAV can operate on the licensed spectrum bands of primary user (PU) only when PU is idle. In each working frame structure, both sensing time slot and transmission time slot are analysed in radians. Specifically, our objective is to maximize the spectrum efficiency (SE) of the UAV by jointly optimizing the sensing radian and the number of radians. For the single-radian and multiradian schemes, the dichotomy and alternative iterative optimization (AIO) algorithm are proposed to solve the SE optimization problem. Simulation results show that the proposed multiradian cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) scheme can achieve better performance on ensuring the quality-of-service (QoS) of the PU, and it can significantly enhance the SE of the UAV especially in the severe channel environments.

scholarly journals An Active and Passive Reputation Method for Secure Wideband Spectrum Sensing Based on Blockchain

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1346
Author(s):  
Xinyu Xie ◽  
Zhuhua Hu ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Yaochi Zhao ◽  
Yong Bai
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Cognitive Radio Networks ◽  
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Radio Networks ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Decision Algorithm ◽  
Collusion Attacks ◽  
Wideband Spectrum Sensing

Spectrum is a kind of non-reproducible scarce strategic resource. A secure wideband spectrum sensing technology provides the possibility for the next generation of ultra-dense, ultra-large-capacity communications to realize the shared utilization of spectrum resources. However, for the open collaborative sensing in cognitive radio networks, the collusion attacks of malicious users greatly affect the accuracy of the sensing results and the security of the entire network. To address this problem, this paper proposes a weighted fusion decision algorithm by using the blockchain technology. The proposed algorithm divides the single-node reputation into active reputation and passive reputation. Through the proposed token threshold concept, the active reputation is set to increase the malicious cost of the node; the passive reputation of the node is determined according to the historical data and recent performance of the blockchain. The final node weight is obtained by considering both kinds of reputation. The proposed scheme can build a trust-free platform for the cognitive radio collaborative networks. Compared with the traditional equal-gain combination algorithm and the centralized sensing algorithm based on the beta reputation system, the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can obtain reliable sensing results with a lower number of assistants and sampling rate, and can effectively resist malicious users’ collusion attacks. Therefore, the security and the accuracy of cooperative spectrum sensing can be significantly improved in cognitive radio networks.

scholarly journals Goodness-of-Fit Based Secure Cooperative Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio Network

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hiep Vu-Van ◽  
Insoo Koo
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Cognitive Radio Network ◽  
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Radio Network ◽  
Measured Distance ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Sample Set

Cognitive radio (CR) is a promising technology for improving usage of frequency band. Cognitive radio users (CUs) are allowed to use the bands without interference in operation of licensed users. Reliable sensing information about status of licensed band is a prerequirement for CR network. Cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) is able to offer an improved sensing reliability compared to individual sensing. However, the sensing performance of CSS can be destroyed due to the appearance of some malicious users. In this paper, we propose a goodness-of-fit (GOF) based cooperative spectrum sensing scheme to detect the dissimilarity between sensing information of normal CUs and that of malicious users, and reject their harmful effect to CSS. The empirical CDF will be used in GOF test to determine the measured distance between distributions of observation sample set according to each hypothesis of licensed user signal. Further, the DS theory is used to combine results of multi-GOF tests. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can protect the sensing process against the attack from malicious users.

scholarly journals Spectrum sensing based on energy of unknown deterministic signals over fading channels

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31
Author(s):  
Tu Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Khoa Le Dang ◽  
Thu Thi Hong Nguyen ◽  
Phuong Huu Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Fading Channels ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Cognitive Radio Network ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Energy Detection ◽  
Radio Network ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Spectrum Hole ◽  
The Impact

In cognitive radio network, how to minimize the impact of secondary user on primary user’s signal plays a very important and complex role. Therefore, spectrum sensing is one of the most essential components of cognitive radio. Therefore, the effect of spectrum sensing algorithms plays a key role to the system’s performance. In this paper, we concentrate on spectrum sensing algorithms in order to find out spectrum hole or while hole for reusing it. Specifically, we will highlight the energy detector algorithm of unknown deterministic signals over fading channels. The numerical results match well with theoretical analysis. The system’s performance of energy detection in AWGN channel is acceptable in case of relatively low signal to noise ratio (SNR). However, the performance of system will be degraded remarkable over fading environments.

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