Power Limit Control Strategy for Household Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Inverter

The increased installation capacity of grid-connected household photovoltaic (PV) systems has been witnessed worldwide, and the power grid is facing the challenges of overvoltage during peak power generation and limited frequency regulation performance. With the dual purpose of enhancing the power grid safety and improving the PV utilization rate, the maximum feed-in active power can be regulated by modifying the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm and battery energy storage (BES) accessibility as control instructions. However, the existing methods not only waste installed PV capacity, but it becomes no longer accessible when the state of charge (SOC) of the BES approaches its upper limit. In response to the above problem, this paper proposes a power limit control strategy to coordinate the MPPT algorithm and the BES accessibility. The proposed strategy directly controls the inverter output current according to the power limit instructions from the electric operation control centers, leading to a bus voltage difference. The difference serves as a control signal for BES and PV. Under a power-limiting scenario, priority is given to power regulation through energy storage to absorb the limited active power. When the SOC of the BES reaches the upper limit of charging, modification of the PV MPPT algorithm facilitates the inverter output power to meet the power limit requirements. To further verify the effectiveness of the proposed power limit control strategy, both simulation and experimental studies are conducted, which consistently indicated a synchronized inverter current with grid voltage and a rapid power response of the power-limiting instruction within 0.2 s. The power limit control strategy not only improves the PV energy utilization but also supports the safe and reliable operation of the power gird in the context of soaring renewable energy penetration.