scholarly journals High Dynamic Range Photocurrent Sensory Circuit with a Multi-Transistor Background Light Cancellation Loop for Photoplethysmography Sensing

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 2769
Author(s):  
Mohamed Atef ◽  
Osman Hassan ◽  
Falah Awwad ◽  
Moien A. B. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Average Power ◽  
High Dynamic Range ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Background Light ◽  
Noise Current ◽  
Input Noise ◽  
Average Power Consumption ◽  
Pressure Measuring Device

In this article, we present a new photocurrent sensory circuit with a three-transistor background light cancellation. We describe our innovative photocurrent sensor-based blood pressure measuring device using a resistor-based current-to-voltage converter with a background light cancellation (BLC) loop. The photocurrent sensor is implemented using 0.35 μm standard CMOS technology and has zero average power consumption. The post-layout simulation for the photocurrent sensor shows a 1.3 MΩ transimpedance gain, a referred input noise current of 11 pA, and can reject a DC photocurrent up to 200 μA. This high DC rejection has been achieved due to the newly proposed multi-transistor BLC loop integrated with the sensor.

scholarly journals The Design Methodology of Fully Digital Pulse Width Modulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Fadi R. Shahroury
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Width ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Ring Oscillator ◽  
Envelope Detector ◽  
Digital Pulse ◽  
Average Power Consumption

This paper describes the design methodology and calibration technique for a low-power digital pulse width modulation demodulator to enhance its robustness against the process, voltage, and temperature variations in different process corners, in addition to intra-die variability, which makes it a very good choice for implantable monitoring sensors. Furthermore, the core of the proposed demodulator is fully digital. Thus, along with the proposed design methodology, the proposed demodulator can be simply redesigned in advanced subnanometer CMOS technologies without much difficulty as compared to analog demodulators. The proposed demodulator consists of an envelope detector, a digitizer, a ring oscillator, and a data detector with digital calibration. All the proposed circuits are designed and simulated in the standard 1P9M TSMC’s 40 nm CMOS technology. Simulation results have shown that the circuit is capable of demodulating and recovering data from an input signal with a carrier frequency of 13.56 MHz and a data rate of 143 kB/s with an average power consumption of 5.62 μW.

scholarly journals Towards an automated soft proofing system using high dynamic range imaging and artificial neural networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawar Fdhal
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Liquid Crystal Display ◽  
High Dynamic Range ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Box Model ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
High Dynamic ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Soft Proofing

In this thesis, an adaptive mechanism for controlling the illumination is combined with a closed loop technique and the use of High Dynamic range (HDR) to generate a black box model that can simulate the hard proof of a given digital image. An adaptive Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used to create the black box model, using the camera as a measuring device. The non-uniformity of the illumination in the viewing booth is typically a barrier in creating such a black box model since color appearance varies with location in the viewing booth. This issue was addressed in this thesis by compensation for viewing booth illumination using an inexpensive camera and a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) projector. HDR was found to give a favourable representation that is more indicative of the image perceived by the operator, and was used as the basis for mapping the original image to the soft proof. A proof of concept was also developed to highlight the utility of the LCD projector based approach in providing a more broad range of varying intensity color illuminants (thus environments) under which a proof may be not only viewed, but modeled through the closed loop process. In this sense, a system has been developed to generate and provide custom soft proofs that can extend the functionality of the standard viewing booth. The proposed technique will open the doors to new automated systems that can be very beneficial to the printing industry.

HIGH SENSITIVITY AND HIGH DYNAMIC RANGE OPTICAL MICRO-RADIATOR VACUUM SENSOR FABRICTED WITH CMOS TECHNOLOGY

2008 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
Y. MA ◽  
R. P. W. LAWSON ◽  
A. M. ROBINSON
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Dynamic Range ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Power Switching ◽  
Pressure Sensing ◽  
Vacuum Sensor ◽  
Sensitivity Improvement ◽  
Silicon Cmos

A Complementary Metal Oxide Silicon (CMOS) optical micro-radiator vacuum sensor has been designed, tested and calibrated. The package is comprised of a micromachined radiator and a photodetector. The sensitivity improvement of the system over the conventional Pirani gauge is up to nine magnitudes depending on the operating power of the micro-radiator. To increase sensor's dynamic range, an automated power-switching system has been demonstrated for pressure sensing operated with constant photodetector output. Calibration of the system has been performed by comparison with secondary standards. Experimental results showed that the sensor's measurement range from 10-3 Pa to 105 Pa has been achieved as its relative error is less than 8%.

scholarly journals Towards an automated soft proofing system using high dynamic range imaging and artificial neural networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawar Fdhal
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Liquid Crystal Display ◽  
High Dynamic Range ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Box Model ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
High Dynamic ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Soft Proofing

In this thesis, an adaptive mechanism for controlling the illumination is combined with a closed loop technique and the use of High Dynamic range (HDR) to generate a black box model that can simulate the hard proof of a given digital image. An adaptive Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used to create the black box model, using the camera as a measuring device. The non-uniformity of the illumination in the viewing booth is typically a barrier in creating such a black box model since color appearance varies with location in the viewing booth. This issue was addressed in this thesis by compensation for viewing booth illumination using an inexpensive camera and a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) projector. HDR was found to give a favourable representation that is more indicative of the image perceived by the operator, and was used as the basis for mapping the original image to the soft proof. A proof of concept was also developed to highlight the utility of the LCD projector based approach in providing a more broad range of varying intensity color illuminants (thus environments) under which a proof may be not only viewed, but modeled through the closed loop process. In this sense, a system has been developed to generate and provide custom soft proofs that can extend the functionality of the standard viewing booth. The proposed technique will open the doors to new automated systems that can be very beneficial to the printing industry.

scholarly journals A High-Dynamic-Range Switched-Capacitor Sigma-Delta ADC for Digital Micromechanical Vibration Gyroscopes

Micromachines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risheng Lv ◽  
Weiping Chen ◽  
Xiaowei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
High Dynamic Range ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Noise Cancellation ◽  
Switched Capacitor ◽  
Noise Shaping ◽  
Sigma Delta ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Sigma Delta Adc

This paper presents a multi-stage noise shaping (MASH) switched-capacitor (SC) sigma-delta (ΣΔ) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) composed of an analog modulator with an on-chip noise cancellation logic and a reconfigurable digital decimator for MEMS digital gyroscope applications. A MASH 2-1-1 structure is employed to guarantee an absolutely stable modulation system. Based on the over-sampling and noise-shaping techniques, the core modulator architecture is a cascade of three single-loop stages containing feedback paths for systematic optimization to avoid deterioration in conversion accuracy caused by capacitor mismatch. A digital noise cancellation logic is also included to eliminate residual quantization errors in the former two stages, and those in the last stage are shaped by a fourth-order modulation. A multi-rate decimator follows the analog modulator to suit variable gyroscope bandwidth. Manufactured in a standard 0.35 μm CMOS technology, the whole chip occupies an area of 3.8 mm2. Experimental results show a maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 100.2 dB and an overall dynamic range (DR) of 107.6 dB, with a power consumption of 3.2 mW from a 5 V supply. This corresponds to a state-of-the-art figure-of-merit (FoM) of 165.6 dB.

Fully Differential Difference Amplifier for Low-Noise and Low-Distortion Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 1640019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Arbet ◽  
Gabriel Nagy ◽  
Martin Kováč ◽  
Viera Stopjaková
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
High Dynamic Range ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Noise Performance ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Differential Signal ◽  
Fully Differential ◽  
Differential Difference Amplifier ◽  
High Dynamic

In this paper, a fully differential difference amplifier (FDDA) designed in 0.35[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m CMOS technology is presented. The proposed amplifier reaches high dynamic range (DR) and low input referred noise. Comparison of noise performance of the proposed FDDA to an ordinary differential amplifier has been performed. Achieved results prove that the developed amplifier circuit can be advantageously used in applications that require a fully differential signal. Then, simulation results have been verified by the measurement of prototyped chips. In our work, the proposed amplifier was experimentally employed in the analog frontend of the readout interface (RI) for a Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) capacitive microphone.

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