Analytical Design Solution for Optimal Matching of Hybrid Continuous Mode Power Amplifiers Suitable for a High-Efficiency Envelope Tracking Operation

An analytical method to design a power amplifier (PA) with an optimized power added efficiency (PAE) trajectory for envelope tracking (ET) architecture is proposed. To obtain feasible matching solutions for high-efficiency performance of the PA in the dynamic supply operation, hybrid continuous modes (HCM) architecture is introduced. The design space for load impedances of the HCM PAs with nonlinear capacitance is deduced mathematically using the device’s embedding transfer network, without the necessity of using load-pull. The proposed design strategy is verified with the implementation of a GaN PA operating over the frequency range of 1.9 GHz to 2.2 GHz with PAE between 67.8% and 72.4% in the 6.7 dB back-off power region of the ET mode. The ET experimental system was set up to evaluate the application of the PA circuit. Measurement results show that the ET PA at 2.1 GHz reaches the efficiency of 61%, 54%, 44% and an error vector magnitude (EVM) of 0.32%, 0.60%, 0.67% at an average output power of 34.4 dBm, 34.2 dBm, 34.1 dBm for 6.7 dB peak-to-average power ratios (PAPR) signals with 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz bandwidths, respectively. Additionally, tested by a 20 MHz bandwidth 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal, 41.8% to 49.2% efficiency of ET PA is achieved at an average output power of 33.5 dBm to 35.1 dBm from 1.9 GHz to 2.2 GHz.

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A 10-W S-band class-B GaN amplifier with a dynamic gate bias circuit for linearity enhancement

International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies ◽

10.1017/s1759078713000962 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 3-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pierre Medrel ◽

Audrey Martin ◽

Tibault Reveyrand ◽

Guillaume Neveux ◽

Denis Barataud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Output Power ◽

Trajectory Optimization ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Average Power ◽

Gate Bias ◽

Error Vector Magnitude ◽

Power Added Efficiency ◽

Class B ◽

Band Class ◽

A Minor

In the present paper, we present a dynamic gate biasing technique applied to a 10 W, S-band GaN amplifier. The proposed methodology addresses class-B operation of power amplifiers that offers the potential for high efficiency but requires a careful attention to maintain good linearity performances at large output power back-off. This work proposes a solution to improve the linearity of class-B amplifiers driven by radio frequency-modulated signals having large peak to average power ratios. An important aspect of this work concerns the characterization of the dynamic behavior of GaN devices for gate bias trajectory optimization. For that purpose, the experimental study reported here is based on the use of a time-domain envelope setup. A specific gate bias circuit has been designed and connected to a 10 W – 2.5 GHz GaN amplifier demo board from CREE. Compared to conventional class-B operation with a fixed gate bias, a 10-dB improvement in terms of third-order intermodulation is reached. When applied to the amplification of 16-QAM signals the proposed technique demonstrates significant ACPR reduction of order of 6 dB along with error vector magnitude (EVM) improvements of five points over 8 dB output power back-off with a minor impact on power-added efficiency performances.

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Wideband high-efficiency linearized PA design with reduction in memory effects and IMD3

International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies ◽

10.1017/s1759078718000417 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 391-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xuekun Du ◽

Chang Jiang You ◽

Yulong Zhao ◽

Xiang Li ◽

Mohamed Helaoui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Output Power ◽

Average Output Power ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Second Harmonic ◽

Memory Effects ◽

Third Order ◽

Average Output ◽

Power Added Efficiency ◽

Low Pass ◽

Intermodulation Distortions

ABSTRACTAn analytical method is proposed to reduce the memory effects and third-order intermodulation distortions for improving the linearity of wideband power amplifier (PA). An excellent linearity can be obtained by reducing the second-harmonic output power levels and reducing the envelope voltage components in the megahertz range. An improved wideband Chebyshev low-pass matching network including the bias network is analyzed and designed to validate the proposed method. The measured results indicate that a wideband high-efficiency linearized PA is realized from 1.35 to 2.45 GHz (fractional bandwidth = 58%) with power added efficiency of 60–78%, power gain of 10.8–12.3 dB, and output power of 40.0–41.2 dBm. For a 20 MHz LTE modulated signal, the adjacent channel leakage ratios (ACLRs) of the proposed PA with digital pre-distortion (DPD) linearization are −55.7 ~ −53.9 dBc across 1.5–2.4 GHz at an average output power of 32.4–33.6 dBm. For a 40 MHz two-carrier LTE modulated signal, the ACLRs of the proposed PA with DPD linearization are −51.1 ~ −48.2 dBc at an average output power of ~30.5 dBm in the frequency range from 1.5 GHz to 2.4 GHz.

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High-efficiency frequency-doubled YSGG:Cr Nd laser with high average output power

10.1117/12.131771 ◽

1992 ◽

Author(s):

V. G. Lyan ◽

B. A. Mikhailov ◽

D. A. Nikolaev ◽

S. K. Pak ◽

S. I. Khomenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Output Power ◽

Average Output Power ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Average Output

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Evaluating OADM network simulation and an overview based metropolitan application

Journal of Intelligent Systems ◽

10.1515/jisys-2021-0194 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 27-39

Author(s):

Essa Ibrahim Essa ◽

Mshari A. Asker ◽

Fidan T. Sedeeq

Keyword(s):

Output Power ◽

Input Signal ◽

Power Output ◽

Average Output Power ◽

Output Signal ◽

Noise Figure ◽

Average Power ◽

Power Input ◽

Average Output ◽

Average Drop

Abstract Using optical add–drop multiplexer/remover multiplexer (OADM), it is possible to add or remove wavelengths and change or route them through the various nodes and networks. At this moment, key problems in add–drop multiplexer (ADM) are the bandwidth, modulation format, and reuse wavelength. In this article, the Optisystem software simulation is used as a platform to design, test, and verify the method applied to the current work; the OADM is proposed based on the metro network to get distribution between nodes over a transmission link; OADM analysis was presented with four channels (193.1, 193.2, 193.3, and 193.4 THz) at total bandwidth of 1.6 Tb/s, none-return-to-zero (NRZ), and return to zero coding types. Experiment one shows that the average output power is −17.997 dBm, the average drop power is −17.997 dBm, and the average add power is −18.338 dBm, the average gain is −0.0429 dB, the average noise figure is 0 dB, the average power input signal is 10.679 dBm, the average of power output signal is 10.633 dBm, and the average output optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) is 0 dB, However, the second experiment shows that the average output power is −24.238 dBm, the average drop power is −24.288 dBm, and the average add power is −24.753 dBm, the average gain is −0.0417 dB, the average noise figure is 0 dB, average power input signal is 7.691 dBm, average of power output signal is 7.677 dBm, and the average output OSNR 0 dB. The system supports four input channels, four add channels, four output channels, and four drop channels. The results are acceptable after three spans of Solitons fiber with 600 km length, 200 km for each span. Nonetheless, it is believed that it is well justified to adopt these schemes in the current optical network with a low cost for overall expenditure.

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DOUBLE SUPPLY, LINEAR, AND HIGH EFFICIENCY PUSH AMPLIFIER DESIGN FOR ENVELOPE TRACKING POWER AMPLIFIERS IN WiMAX APPLICATIONS

Journal of Circuits System and Computers ◽

10.1142/s0218126614501138 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (08) ◽

pp. 1450113 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

MOHAMMAD MOGHADDAM TABRIZI ◽

NASSER MASOUMI

Keyword(s):

Output Power ◽

Power Amplifier ◽

High Performance ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Maximum Output Power ◽

Total Efficiency ◽

Maximum Output ◽

Error Vector Magnitude ◽

Power Added Efficiency ◽

Amplifier Design

In this work, a novel and efficient approach is proposed to optimize linearity and efficiency of a power amplifier used in mobile communication applications. A linear and high performance push amplifier is designed and analyzed to extract design equations for an optimum performance. The proposed push amplifier has two sections; an analog section and a switching section. The analog section provides the required linearity and the switching section guarantees the satisfaction of the total efficiency level. Double power supply scheme is used in push amplifiers to enhance its performance. Two separate power supplies are employed for linear and switching sections of push amplifiers which have different voltage levels. The implemented circuit is simulated using HSPICERF with TSMC models for active and passive elements. The proposed power amplifier (PA) provides a maximum output power of 25 dBm and power added efficiency (PAE) as high as 51% at 2.5 GHz operation frequency. At 1-dB compression point, this PA exhibits output power of 25 dBm with 48% PAE and 4.5% error vector magnitude (EVM) which is appropriate for 64QAM OFDM signals.

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