scholarly journals Ensuring Reliable Operation of Electricity Grid by Placement of FACTS Devices for Developing Countries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2283
Author(s):  
Atif Naveed Khan ◽  
Kashif Imran ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem ◽  
Anamitra Pal ◽  
Abraiz Khattak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Active Power ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Reliable Operation ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Facts Devices

Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) are essential devices used for the efficient performance of modern power systems and many developing countries lack these devices. Due to the non-existence of these advanced technologies, the national grid remains weak and vulnerable to power stability issues that can jeopardize system stability. This study proposes novel research to solve issues of an evolving national grid through the installation of FACTS devices. FACTS devices play a crucial role in minimizing active power losses while managing reactive power flows to keep the voltages within their respective limits. Due to the high costs of FACTS, optimization must be done to discover optimal locations as well as ratings of these devices. However, due to the nonlinearity, it is a challenging task to find the optimal locations and appropriate sizes of these devices. Shunt VARs Compensators (SVCs) and Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensators (TCSCs) are the two FACTS devices considered for the study. Optimal locations for SVCs and TCSCs are determined by Voltage Collapse Proximity Index (VCPI) and Line Stability Index (Lmn), respectively. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is employed to find the ideal rating for FACTS devices to minimize the system operating cost (cost due to active power loss and capital cost of FACTS devices). This technique is applied to IEEE (14 and 30) bus systems. Moreover, reliable operation of the electricity grid through the placement of FACTS for developing countries has also been analysed; Pakistan being a developing country has been selected as a case study. The planning problem has been solved for the present as well as for the forecasted power system. Consequently, in the current national network, 6.21% and 6.71% reduction in active and reactive power losses have been observed, respectively. Moreover, voltage profiles have been improved significantly. A detailed financial analysis covering the calculation of Operation Cost (OC) of the national grid before and after the placement of FACTS devices is carried out.

Multi-objective ant lion optimization algorithm to solve large-scale multi-objective optimal reactive power dispatch problem

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 304-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souhil Mouassa ◽  
Tarek Bouktir
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Ant Lion Optimization ◽  
Active Power Losses

Purpose In the vast majority of published papers, the optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem is dealt as a single-objective optimization; however, optimization with a single objective is insufficient to achieve better operation performance of power systems. Multi-objective ORPD (MOORPD) aims to minimize simultaneously either the active power losses and voltage stability index, or the active power losses and the voltage deviation. The purpose of this paper is to propose multi-objective ant lion optimization (MOALO) algorithm to solve multi-objective ORPD problem considering large-scale power system in an effort to achieve a good performance with stable and secure operation of electric power systems. Design/methodology/approach A MOALO algorithm is presented and applied to solve the MOORPD problem. Fuzzy set theory was implemented to identify the best compromise solution from the set of the non-dominated solutions. A comparison with enhanced version of multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOEPSO) algorithm and original (MOPSO) algorithm confirms the solutions. An in-depth analysis on the findings was conducted and the feasibility of solutions were fully verified and discussed. Findings Three test systems – the IEEE 30-bus, IEEE 57-bus and large-scale IEEE 300-bus – were used to examine the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. The findings obtained amply confirmed the superiority of the proposed approach over the multi-objective enhanced PSO and basic version of MOPSO. In addition to that, the algorithm is benefitted from good distributions of the non-dominated solutions and also guarantees the feasibility of solutions. Originality/value The proposed algorithm is applied to solve three versions of ORPD problem, active power losses, voltage deviation and voltage stability index, considering large -scale power system IEEE 300 bus.

scholarly journals Determination of inductances for pulsating current traction motor

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1(58)) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Sergey Goolak ◽  
Viktor Tkachenko ◽  
Svitlana Sapronova ◽  
Oleksandr Spivak ◽  
Ievgen Riabov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Motor ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Nonlinear Dependence ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Traction Motor ◽  
Pulsating Current

The object of research is a pulsating current traction motor. To improve the accuracy of its mathematical model, it is necessary to use the values of the parameters that are determined in experimental studies of the electric motor. In particular, it is important to use in the model of the electric motor inductance obtained experimentally. A method is proposed for calculating the inductance of the armature winding, main poles, additional poles and compensation winding and the total inductance of the traction motor armature circuit. The calculations are based on the results of the indirect inductance measurement method, in which the electrical values of various modes of power supply of the electric motor windings are directly measured, and the inductances are determined by auxiliary calculations. The inductances of the traction motor armature circuit have a non-linear dependence on the current flowing through them. The main difference of the study is that the measurements of the electrical parameters required for calculating the inductance are carried out over the entire range of operating currents of the windings. The essence of the proposed technique is to measure the active power in the armature winding, the winding of the main and additional poles, and the compensation winding, as well as in the armature circle as a whole when they are supplied with alternating current. According to the obtained values of active power losses and phase displacement, the corresponding reactive power losses are determined, with the help of which the inductances of the motor windings are calculated. Approbation of the methodology for calculating the conduction inductance for an electric motor of a pulsating current NB-418K6 (country of origin Russia), is used on electric locomotives of the VL80T and VL80k series (country of origin Russia). A scheme for measuring electrical parameters necessary for calculating inductance is proposed. The graphical dependences of the inductance on the armature current, built on the basis of calculations, confirmed the hypothesis about the nonlinear dependence of these inductances on the armature current. For further application of the results obtained in the simulation of the operation of the traction electric motor NB-418K6, a polynomial approximation of the total inductance of the armature circuit was performed.

Transmission Network Expansion Planning Considering Optimal Allocation of Series Capacitive Compensation and Active Power Losses

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Dany H. Huanca ◽  
Luis A. Gallego ◽  
Jesús M. López-Lezama
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Test System ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Transmission Network ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Network Expansion ◽  
Expansion Planning ◽  
Active Power Losses

This paper presents a modeling and solution approach to the static and multistage transmission network expansion planning problem considering series capacitive compensation and active power losses. The transmission network expansion planning is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem and solved through a highly efficient genetic algorithm. Furthermore, the Villasana Garver’s constructive heuristic algorithm is implemented to render the configurations of the genetic algorithm feasible. The installation of series capacitive compensation devices is carried out with the aim of modifying the reactance of the original circuit. The linearization of active power losses is done through piecewise linear functions. The proposed model was implemented in C++ language programming. To show the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed methodology several tests are performed on the 6-bus Garver system, the IEEE 24-bus test system, and the South Brazilian 46-bus test system, presenting costs reductions in their multi-stage expansion planning of 7.4%, 4.65% and 1.74%, respectively.

Implementation of Population Algorithms to Minimize Power Losses and Cable Cross-Section in Power Supply System

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2955 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Z. Manusov ◽  
P. V. Matrenin ◽  
E. S. Tretiakova
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
First Case ◽  
Active Power Losses

<p><span lang="EN-US">The article dues to the arrangement of the reactive power sources in the power grid to reduce the active power losses in transmission lines and minimize cable cross-sections of the lines. The optimal arrangement is considered from two points of view. In the first case, it is possible to minimize the active power losses only. In the second case, it is possible to change the cross-sections of the supply lines to minimize both the active power losses and the volume of the cable lines. The sum of the financial cost of the active power losses, the capital investment to install the deep reactive power compensation, and cost of the cable volume is introduced as the single optimization criterion. To reduce the losses, the deep compensation of reactive power sources in nodes of the grid are proposed. This optimization problem was solved by the Genetic algorithm and the Particle Swarm optimization algorithm. It was found out that the deep compensation allows minimizing active power losses the cable cross-section. The cost-effectiveness of the suggested method is shown. It was found out that optimal allocation of the reactive power sources allows increasing from 9% to 20% the financial expenses for the enterprise considered.</span></p>

scholarly journals Modelling of Transformerless Upfc Toimprovepower System Stability using Optimization Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 11456-11459
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Unified Power Flow Controller ◽  
Flexible Ac Transmission ◽  
Flexible Ac Transmission System ◽  
Facts Devices ◽  
Ac Transmission ◽  
Power Flow Controller

Generally, power system faces the problem to transfer power from one system to another system without any fluctuations, with minimal of system losses. To overcome this problems, a flexible ac transmission system is implemented in this paper. In present scenario, facts devices are used to reduce the transmission losses for improvising transmission capacity and also to improve the system capability. Unified Power Flow Controller plays a most prominent role in FACTS controller to improve the system stability. The structure of UPFC is combination of back-back converters with boosting and zigzag transformer. This type of UPFC system consists of high losses due to presence of magnetic properties in this transformer. With this, a transformer-less multilevel inverter based UPFC topology is proposed in this paper. This paper focuses on the modulation of transformerless UPFC with PSO, which controlsfundamental frequency for better controlling of active and reactive power, harmonic minimization, and improvement in efficiency of system by controlling DC link voltage

scholarly journals Voltage Profile Improvement with Combined UPFC and IPFC Facts Devices: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Violet Kaswii ◽  
Michael Juma Saulo
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Voltage Control ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Facts Devices ◽  
Flow Controller ◽  
Power Flow Controller

The interline power flow controller (IPFC) and the unified power flow controller (UPFC) are both advanced types of flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS). These devices can provide the power system with control of voltage, and that of real and reactive power. This paper reviews the literature on UPFC and IPFC FACTS devices in voltage control and covers two main areas of research (i) voltage control using FACTS devices, and (ii) UPFCs / IPFCs and their applications in power systems. FACTs devices are applied in modern power system networks for the purpose of voltage control while at the same time providing enhanced power system stability. Research has shown that their benefits in the long run outweighs their high cost especially when they are optimally sized and located in the power network. Moreover, in the planning of power transmission systems, a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) technique can help in the incorporation of both the costs and technical viability. This approach provides techno-economic optimization and at the same time meeting environmental criteria.

scholarly journals Solution of the problem of optimum power distribution of individual compensating devices for a group of asynchronous motors for a stable operating mode and for a smoothly changing load

2020 ◽  
Vol 220 ◽  
pp. 01015
Author(s):  
E.V. Tumaeva ◽  
S.S . Kuzin ◽  
I.F. Aflyatunov ◽  
T.G. Makuseva
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Asynchronous Motors ◽  
Power Loss Reduction ◽  
Active Power Losses ◽  
Compensating Devices

Residential and industrial buildings with large territorial dimensions, have mainly radial power supply schemes, which feed a large number of small and medium capacity 0.4 kV induction motors. For their power supply copper or aluminum cables of small cross-section (with high active resistance) are used. Calculations of electricity losses in such lines show significant values. In order to reduce active power losses in 0.4 kV cable lines, the optimization problem of minimizing active power losses in the radial power supply circuit is solved by optimal distribution of reactive power of a given value between compensating devices. The single-line scheme of power supply of a group of pumps of technological installation of petrochemical production is considered, the mathematical model of the optimization problem on criterion of minimum of active losses in power lines from reactive power flow is made, which limitations are presented as a system of linear algebraic equations. Results of distribution of optimum values of reactive power between compensating devices of asynchronous motors at maintenance of the set tg φ are received. The quantitative estimation of active power loss reduction in power lines at use of capacitor units, which reactive power is optimally distributed, is given.

scholarly journals Optimal Allocation of Static Var Compensators in Electric Power Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ćalasan ◽  
Tatjana Konjić ◽  
Katarina Kecojević ◽  
Lazar Nikitović
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Optimal Power Flow ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Variable Load ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Facts Devices ◽  
The Impact

In the current age, power systems contain many modern elements, one example being Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices, which play an important role in enhancing the static and dynamic performance of the systems. However, due to the high costs of FACTS devices, the location, type, and value of the reactive power of these devices must be optimized to maximize their resulting benefits. In this paper, the problem of optimal power flow for the minimization of power losses is considered for a power system with or without a FACTS controller, such as a Static Var Compensator (SVC) device The impact of location and SVC reactive power values on power system losses are considered in power systems with and without the presence of wind power. Furthermore, constant and variable load are considered. The mentioned investigation is realized on both IEEE 9 and IEEE 30 test bus systems. Optimal SVC allocation are performed in program GAMS using CONOPT solver. For constant load data, the obtained results of an optimal SVC allocation and the minimal value of power losses are compared with known solutions from the literature. It is shown that the CONOPT solver is useful for finding the optimal location of SVC devices in a power system with or without the presence of wind energy. The comparison of results obtained using CONOPT solver and four metaheuristic method for minimization of power system losses are also investigated and presented.

scholarly journals Modeling and Simulation of the Anticipated Effects of the Synchronous Condenser on an Electric-Power Network with Participating Wind Plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Famous Igbinovia ◽  
Ghaeth Fandi ◽  
Ibrahim Ahmad ◽  
Zdenek Muller ◽  
Josef Tlusty
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Power Network ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Synchronous Condenser

Installing a synchronous condenser (SC) onto an electricity grid can assist in the areas of reactive power needs, short-circuit strength, and, consequently, system inertia and guarantees better dynamic voltage recovery. This paper summarizes the practical potential of the synchronous condenser coordinated in an electric-power network with participating wind plants to supply reactive power compensation and injection of active power at their point of common coupling; it provides a systematic assessment method for simulating and analyzing the anticipated effects of the synchronous condenser on a power network with participating wind plants. A 33-kV power line has been used as a case study. The results indicate that the effect of the adopted synchronous condenser solution model in the MATLAB/Simulink environment provides reactive power, enhances voltage stability, and minimizes power losses, while the wind power plants provide active power support with given practical grid rules.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document