scholarly journals Shedding Light on the Factors That Influence Residential Demand Response in Japan

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2795
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Iliopoulos ◽  
Motoharu Onuki ◽  
Miguel Esteban
Keyword(s):  
Demand Response ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
The Public ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Direct Load Control ◽  
Integration Of Renewables ◽  
Residential Demand ◽  
Demand Response Programs ◽  
Energy Grid

Residential demand response empowers the role of electricity consumers by allowing them to change their patterns of consumption, which can help balance the energy grid. Although such type of management is envisaged to play an increasingly important role in the integration of renewables into the grid, the factors that influence household engagement in these initiatives have not been fully explored in Japan. This study examines the influence of interpersonal, intrapersonal, and socio-demographic characteristics of households in Yokohama on their willingness to participate in demand response programs. Time of use, real time pricing, critical peak pricing, and direct load control were considered as potential candidates for adoption. In addition, the authors explored the willingness of households to receive non-electricity related information in their in-home displays and participate in a philanthropy-based peer-to-peer energy platform. Primary data were collected though a questionnaire survey and supplemented by key informant interviews. The findings indicate that household income, ownership of electric vehicles, socio-environmental awareness, perceived sense of comfort, control, and complexity, as well as philanthropic inclinations, all constitute drivers that influence demand flexibility. Finally, policy recommendations that could potentially help introduce residential demand response programs to a wider section of the public are also proposed.

scholarly journals Expert Assessment of Prioritized Determinants For a Smarter Grid Through The Lens of Residential Demand Response: The Case Study of Ontario, Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
Iliopoulos Nikolaos ◽  
◽  
Onuki Motoharu ◽  
Nistor Ioan ◽  
Esteban Miguel
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Private Data ◽  
Residential Demand ◽  
Technological Limitations ◽  
Demand Response Programs

In recent years, smart grids have attracted considerable attention. However, despite the promising potential of the technologies encompassed within such systems, their adoption has been slow, geographically varied, and in the context of residential demand response, often subject to public scrutiny. The heterogeneous evolution of the smart grid is not only the product of technological limitations but is additionally sensitive to socio-political considerations prevalent at the national or provincial level. Through expert interviews that were conducted in Ontario, Canada, this study provides insights into which smart grid factors are considered as most important for its development, and also what are the drivers, inhibitors, benefits, and drawbacks that a smart grid provides and / or entails, placing particular emphasis on residential demand response programs. The constructs scrutinized were adapted from previous studies, and the information collected was analyzed following the procedure of the Grounded Delphi Method. The findings indicate that a consensus was reached, in that smart grids pave the way for increased demand flexibility and loss reductions, though these are contingent on measures being implemented regarding the creation of investment opportunities, engagement of consumers, and ensuring the security of private data. Relevant policy implications and research recommendations are also explored.

scholarly journals The Potential of Utilising Residential Demand Response to Balance the Fluctuation of Wind Power in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Hatem I. Alzaanin
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Load Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Direct Load Control ◽  
Residential Demand

<p>The substantial penetration of wind power introduces increased flexibility requirements on the power system and puts increased pressure on the instantaneous reserve levels required. Instantaneous reserves are a security product that ensures that electricity demand can continue to be met in the event of unplanned generation or transmission interruptions. This reserve must be available to respond very quickly to generation-demand variability. While this is an integral component of the power system, providing instantaneous reserve increases the production cost of power. More calls from energy researchers and stakeholders ask for loads to play an increasingly important role in balancing the short timescale fluctuations in generated wind power. The purpose of this study is to assess the current level of demand responsiveness among domestic refrigerators, freezers, and water heaters and their potential to contribute towards instantaneous reserve and balance the fluctuation of wind. Refrigerators, freezers, and water heaters can generally store energy due to their thermal mass. Interrupting these domestic loads for short time by employing direct load control strategies makes it possible to control these appliances by turning them on or off before their reach their maximum or minimum temperatures or by slightly modifying their temperature set point. Using this strategy helps to ensure that the overall satisfaction of consumers should not be affected. This study first modelled the load profiles of the participated residential appliances and statistically assessed the potential of controlling these residential loads using direct load control strategies to contribute towards instantaneous reserves to mitigate and balance the fluctuation of wind power in the years: 2014, 2020 and 2030. In the second section, it demonstrated the capabilities of the assessed residential responsive loads within Wellington Region network to compensate for and balance the fluctuation of wind power generated from the West Wind Farm in seven selected days in 2013-2014 as a showcase. Such technology can enable a power system operator to remove the burden of both providing instantaneous reserve from conventional sources, and instead maintain such capacity from available residential demand response. The study ends with recommendations to engage residential loads in fast timescale demand response and suggests directions for future research.</p>

scholarly journals The Potential of Utilising Residential Demand Response to Balance the Fluctuation of Wind Power in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Hatem I. Alzaanin
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Load Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Direct Load Control ◽  
Residential Demand

<p>The substantial penetration of wind power introduces increased flexibility requirements on the power system and puts increased pressure on the instantaneous reserve levels required. Instantaneous reserves are a security product that ensures that electricity demand can continue to be met in the event of unplanned generation or transmission interruptions. This reserve must be available to respond very quickly to generation-demand variability. While this is an integral component of the power system, providing instantaneous reserve increases the production cost of power. More calls from energy researchers and stakeholders ask for loads to play an increasingly important role in balancing the short timescale fluctuations in generated wind power. The purpose of this study is to assess the current level of demand responsiveness among domestic refrigerators, freezers, and water heaters and their potential to contribute towards instantaneous reserve and balance the fluctuation of wind. Refrigerators, freezers, and water heaters can generally store energy due to their thermal mass. Interrupting these domestic loads for short time by employing direct load control strategies makes it possible to control these appliances by turning them on or off before their reach their maximum or minimum temperatures or by slightly modifying their temperature set point. Using this strategy helps to ensure that the overall satisfaction of consumers should not be affected. This study first modelled the load profiles of the participated residential appliances and statistically assessed the potential of controlling these residential loads using direct load control strategies to contribute towards instantaneous reserves to mitigate and balance the fluctuation of wind power in the years: 2014, 2020 and 2030. In the second section, it demonstrated the capabilities of the assessed residential responsive loads within Wellington Region network to compensate for and balance the fluctuation of wind power generated from the West Wind Farm in seven selected days in 2013-2014 as a showcase. Such technology can enable a power system operator to remove the burden of both providing instantaneous reserve from conventional sources, and instead maintain such capacity from available residential demand response. The study ends with recommendations to engage residential loads in fast timescale demand response and suggests directions for future research.</p>

scholarly journals Building a Better Baseline for Residential Demand Response Programs: Mitigating the Effects of Customer Heterogeneity and Random Variations

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Peter Schwarz ◽  
Saeed Mohajeryami ◽  
Valentina Cecchi
Keyword(s):  
Demand Response ◽  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Independent System ◽  
Grid Systems ◽  
Customer Heterogeneity ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Residential Demand ◽  
Demand Response Programs

Peak-time rebates offer an opportunity to introduce demand response in electricity markets. To implement peak-time rebates, utilities must accurately determine the consumption level if the program were not in effect. Reliable calculations of customer baseline load elude utilities and independent system operators, due to factors that include heterogeneous demands and random variations. Prevailing research is limited for residential markets, which are growing rapidly with the presence of load aggregators and the availability of smart grid systems. Our research pioneers a novel method that clusters customers according to the size and predictability of their demands, substantially improving existing customer baseline calculations and other clustering methods.

scholarly journals Blockchain and Demand Response: Zero-Knowledge Proofs for Energy Transactions Privacy

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 5678
Author(s):  
Claudia Daniela Pop ◽  
Marcel Antal ◽  
Tudor Cioara ◽  
Ionut Anghel ◽  
Ioan Salomie
Keyword(s):  
Demand Response ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Privacy Preserving ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Zero Knowledge ◽  
Energy Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Desirable Feature ◽  
Energy Domain ◽  
Demand Response Programs

Nowadays, the adoption of demand response programs is still lagging due to the prosumers’ lack of awareness, fear of losing control and privacy of energy data, etc. Programs decentralization, by adopting promising technologies such as blockchain, may bring significant advantages in terms of transparency, openness, improved control, and increased active participation of prosumers. Nevertheless, even though in general the transparency of the public blockchain is a desirable feature in the energy domain, the prosumer energy data is sensitive and rather private, thus, a privacy-preserving solution is required. In this paper, we present a decentralized implementation of demand response programs on top of the public blockchain which deals with the privacy of the prosumer’s energy data using zero-knowledge proofs and validates on the blockchain the prosumer’s activity inside the program using smart contracts. Prosumer energy data is kept private, while on the blockchain it is stored a zero-knowledge proof that is generated by the prosumer itself allowing the implementation of functions to validate potential deviations from the request and settle prosumer’s activity. The solution evaluation results are promising in terms of ensuring the privacy of prosumer energy data stored in the public blockchain and detecting potential data inconsistencies.

Outage Management in Residential Demand Response Programs

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1453-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rastegar ◽  
Mahmud Fotuhi-Firuzabad
Keyword(s):  
Demand Response ◽  
Residential Demand ◽  
Demand Response Programs ◽  
Outage Management
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