A Variable Performance Parameters Temperature–Flowrate Scheduling Model for Integrated Energy Systems

Optimal scheduling strategy of integrated energy systems (IES) with combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) has become increasingly important. In order to make the scheduling strategy fit to the practical implementation, this paper proposes a variable performance parameters temperature–flowrate scheduling model for IES with CCHP. The novel scheduling model is established by taking flowrate and temperature as decision variables directly. In addition, performance parameters are treated as variables rather than constants in the proposed model. Specifically, the efficiencies of the gas turbine and the waste heating boiler are estimated with the partial load factor, and the coefficient of performance (COP) of the electrical chillers and heat pumps are estimated with the partial load factor and outlet water temperature. Then, to deal with the model nonlinearities caused by considering the variability of COPs, the COP-expansion method is developed by adopting a specific representation of the COP and the expansion of the outlet water temperature. Finally, case studies show that the variable performance parameters’ temperature–flowrate scheduling model can account for the variation of performance parameters, especially the impacts of water temperature and the part load factor on the COP. Therefore, the proposed scheduling model can obtain more adequate and feasible operation strategy, thereby suggesting its applicability in engineering practice.