Review of the Heat Flow Mapping in Polish Sedimentary Basin across Different Tectonic Terrains

Heat flow patterns variability related to the age of the consolidated, and differences in, sedimentary thickness of the sedimentary succession are important constraints upon the thermal state of the sedimentary fill and its geothermal energy potential. Heat flow in the Permian basin of central Europe varies from a low of 40 mWm−2 in the Precambrian Platform to 80 mWm−2 in the Paleozoic basement platform influencing temperature for geothermal potential drilling depth. Continuity of thermal patterns and compatibility of heat flow Q across the Permian basin across the Polish–German basin was known from heat flow data ever since the first heat flow map of Europe in 1979. Both Polish and German heat flow determinations used lab-measured thermal conductivity on cores. This is not the case for the recent heat flow map of Poland published in 2009 widely referenced in Polish geological literature. Significant differences in heat flow magnitude exist between many historical heat flow maps of Poland over the 1970s–1990s and recent 21st century patterns. We find that the differences in heat flow values of some 20–30 mWm−2 in Western Poland exist between heat flow maps using thermal conductivity models using well log interpreted mineral and porosity content and assigned world averages of rock and fluid thermal conductivity versus those measured on cores. These differences in heat flow are discussed in the context of resulting mantle heat flow and the Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary depth modelled differences and possible overestimates of deep thermal conditions for enhanced geothermal energy prospects in Poland.

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Thermal conditions for geothermal energy exploitation in the Transcarpathian depression and surrounding units

Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy ◽

10.1515/congeo-2016-0003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 33-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dušan Majcin ◽

Roman Kutas ◽

Dušan Bilčík ◽

Vladimír Bezák ◽

Ignat Korchagin

Keyword(s):

Temperature Field ◽

Heat Flow ◽

Field Distribution ◽

Geothermal Energy ◽

Thermal Conditions ◽

Flow Density ◽

Heat Flow Density ◽

Temperature Field Distribution ◽

Energy Exploitation

Abstract The contribution presents the results acquired both by direct cognitive geothermic methods and by modelling approaches of the lithosphere thermal state in the region of the Transcarpathian depression and surrounding units. The activities were aimed at the determination of the temperature field distribution and heat flow density distribution in the upper parts of the Earth’s crust within the studied area. Primary new terrestrial heat flow density map was constructed from values determined for boreholes, from their interpretations and from newest outcomes of geothermal modelling methods based on steady-state and transient approaches, and also from other recently gained geophysical and geological knowledge. Thereafter we constructed the maps of temperature field distribution for selected depth levels of up to 5000 m below the surface. For the construction we have used measured borehole temperature data, the interpolation and extrapolation methods, and the modelling results of the refraction effects and of the influences of source type anomalies. New maps and other geothermic data served for the determination of depths with rock temperatures suitable for energy utilization namely production of electric energy minimally by the binary cycles. Consequently the thermal conditions were used to identify the most perspective areas for geothermal energy exploitation in the region under study.

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Heat flow in the Garibaldi volcanic belt, a possible Canadian geothermal energy resource area

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences ◽

10.1139/e81-028 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 366-375 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

J. F. Lewis ◽

Alan M. Jessop

Keyword(s):

Heat Flow ◽

Geothermal Energy ◽

Thermal Conduction ◽

Energy Resource ◽

Volcanic Belt ◽

Geothermal Reservoir ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Geothermal Heat ◽

Groundwater Movement ◽

Uplift And Erosion

The geothermal heat flow has been determined in four boreholes drilled within the area of the Garibaldi volcanic belt of southwestern British Columbia, Canada. The program was designed to investigate a suspected geothermal reservoir and the surrounding area as part of a continuing program of the Canadian Federal Government to assess the geothermal energy potential in western Canada.The measurements, after application of corrections for sediment diffraction, topography, Pleistocene thermal history, and uplift and erosion, fall into two distinct catagories. Three of the measurements, at distances greater than 10 km from Mt. Meager, have a mean of 79 mW m−2 with a standard deviation of 10 mW m−2, and the single measurement near Mt. Meager indicates a heat flux of 132 mW m−2. All these measurements are suspect to a certain degree because of groundwater movement at and around the measurement sites. The three distant observations are similar to others in the Cordilleran thermal zone, whereas the result at Mt. Meager appears to be anomalous. This pattern suggests that near the Mt. Meager area heat is being transported by means other than simple thermal conduction, consistent with other studies that indicate the presence of a geothermal reservoir of unknown size.

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Shallow and deep geothermal energy potential in low heat flow/cold climate environment: northern Québec, Canada, case study

Environmental Earth Sciences ◽

10.1007/s12665-015-4533-1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 74 (6) ◽

pp. 5233-5244 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jacek A. Majorowicz ◽

Vasile Minea

Keyword(s):

Heat Flow ◽

Geothermal Energy ◽

Cold Climate ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Deep Geothermal Energy

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Geothermal Gradient And Heat Flow Maps Of Offshore Malaysia: Some Updates And Observations

Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia ◽

10.7186/bgsm71202114 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 ◽

pp. 159-183

Author(s):

Mazlan Madon ◽

◽

John Jong ◽

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Heat Flow ◽

Deep Water ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Geothermal Gradient ◽

Flow Probe ◽

Geothermal Gradients ◽

Heat Flows ◽

Flow Maps ◽

Tectonic Settings

An update of the geothermal gradient and heat flow maps for offshore Malaysia based on oil and gas industry data is long overdue. In this article we present an update based on available data and information compiled from PETRONAS and operator archives. More than 600 new datapoints calculated from bottom-hole temperature (BHT) data from oil and gas wells were added to the compilation, along with 165 datapoints from heat flow probe measurements at the seabed in the deep-water areas off Sarawak and Sabah. The heat flow probe surveys also provided direct measurements of seabed sediment thermal conductivity. For the calculation of heat flows from the BHT-based temperature gradients, empirical relationships between sediment thermal conductivity and burial depth were derived from thermal conductivity measurements of core samples in oil/gas wells (in the Malay Basin) and from ODP and IODP drillholes (as analogues for Sarawak and Sabah basins). The results of this study further enhanced our insights into the similarities and differences between the various basins and their relationships to tectonic settings. The Malay Basin has relatively high geothermal gradients (average ~47 °C/km). Higher gradients in the basin centre are attributed to crustal thinning due to extension. The Sarawak Basin has similar above-average geothermal gradients (~45 °C/km), whereas the Baram Delta area and the Sabah Shelf have considerably lower gradients (~29 to ~34 °C/km). These differences are attributed to the underlying tectonic settings; the Sarawak Shelf, like the Malay Basin, is underlain by an extensional terrane, whereas the Sabah Basin and Baram Delta east of the West Baram Line are underlain by a former collisional margin (between Dangerous Grounds rifted terrane and Sabah). The deep-water areas off Sarawak and Sabah (North Luconia and Sabah Platform) show relatively high geothermal gradients overall, averaging 80 °C/km in North Luconia and 87 °C/km in the Sabah Platform. The higher heat flows in the deep-water areas are consistent with the region being underlain by extended continental terrane of the South China Sea margin. From the thermal conductivity models established in this study, the average heat flows are: Malay Basin (92 mW/m2), Sarawak Shelf (95 mW/m2) and Sabah Shelf (79 mW/m2). In addition, the average heat flows for the deep-water areas are as follows: Sabah deep-water fold-thrust belt (66 mW/m2), Sabah Trough (42 mW/m2), Sabah Platform (63 mW/m2) and North Luconia (60 mW/m2).

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Update of Brazilian Heat Flow Data, within the framework of a multiprong referencing system

International Journal of Terrestrial Heat Flow and Applications ◽

10.31214/ijthfa.v3i1.42 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 45-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Valiya Hamza ◽

Fabio Vieira ◽

Jorge Luiz dos Santos Gomes ◽

Suze Guimaraes ◽

Carlos Alexandrino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Heat Flow ◽

Heat Production ◽

Underground Mines ◽

Data Sets ◽

Data Set ◽

Radiogenic Heat ◽

Radiogenic Heat Production ◽

Water Wells ◽

Flow Map

An updated heat-flow database for Brazil is presented providing details of measurements carried out at 406 sites. It has been organized as per the scheme proposed by the International Heat Flow Commission. The data sets refer to results obtained using methods referred to as interval temperature logs (ITL), underground mines (UMM), bottom-hole temperatures (BHT), stable bottom temperatures (SBT) and water wells (AQT). The compilation provides information on depths of temperature logs, gradient determinations, measurements of thermal conductivity and radiogenic heat production. Also included is information on the methods employed and error estimates of the main parameters. A new heat flow map of Brazil has been derived based on the updated data set. A multipronged system has been employed in citing references, where the indexing scheme adopted follows chronological order. It provides information not only on the primary work concerning heat flow determination but also later improvements in measurements of main parameters (temperature gradients, thermal conductivity and radiogenic heat production) as well as techniques employed in data analysis.

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Deep geothermal energy from the Cornubian Batholith: preliminary lithological and heat flow insights from the United Downs Deep Geothermal Power Project.

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-15875 ◽

2021 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christopher Dalby ◽

Robin Shail ◽

Tony Batchelor ◽

Lucy Cotton ◽

Jon Gutmanis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Heat Flow ◽

Heat Production ◽

Geothermal Energy ◽

Systematic Bias ◽

Near Surface ◽

Geothermal Power ◽

Deep Geothermal Energy ◽

The Uk ◽

Power Project

SW England is the most prospective region in the UK for the development of deep geothermal energy as it has highest heat flow values (c. 120 mW m-2) and predicted temperatures greater than 190 oC at 5 km depth. The United Downs Deep Geothermal Project (UDDGP), situated near Redruth in Cornwall, is the first deep geothermal power project to commence in the UK. Two deviated geothermal wells, UD-1 (5058 m TVD) and UD-2 (2214 m TVD), were completed in 2019 and intersect the NNW-SSE-trending Porthtowan Fault Zone (PTFZ) within the Early Permian Cornubian Batholith.The Cornubian Batholith is composite and can be divided into five granite types that were formed by variable source melting and fractionation [1]. These processes were the primary control on the heterogeneous distribution of U, Th and K that underpins heat production in the granite. Previous high resolution airborne gamma-ray data has demonstrated the spatial variation of near-surface granite heat production [2], and the CSM Hot Dry Rock Project (1977-1991) provided U, Th and K distributions to depths of 2600 m in the Carnmenellis Granite [3]. However, uncertainties in: (i) U, Th and K content in the deeper batholith, (ii) thermal conductivity are still challenges to modelling the high heat flow.Preliminary evaluation of UD-1 downhole spectral gamma data (900-5057 m) indicates the presence of three major granite types on the basis of contrasting U and Th characteristics. QEMSCAN mineralogical analysis of cuttings (720 &#8211; 5057 m) demonstrates the overwhelming dominance of two mica (G1) and muscovite (G2) granites and little expression of biotite (G3) granites. U- and Th- bearing accessory minerals include monazite, zircon and apatite, with the appearance of allanite and titanite in the deeper granites. Representivity analysis between various cutting fractions show no systematic bias in the major mineral components.There is a substantial increase in Th below 3000 m that indicates the deeper parts of the batholith are likely to contribute substantially to overall heat production. Monazite is the primary source for Th and has a close association with micas. Mineralogical, mineral chemical, whole-rock geochemical and coupled thermal conductivity analysis is ongoing to improve understanding of the construction of this part of the Cornubian Batholith and its implications for the regional thermal resource and sub-surface temperature evaluation.References: [1]Simons B et al. (2016) Lithos,&#160;260: 76-94 [2]Beamish D and Busby J (2016) Geothermal Energy,&#160;4.1:4 [3]Parker R (1989) Pergamon, 621.44

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