scholarly journals Optimal Integrated Emission Management through Variable Engine Calibration

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7606
Author(s):  
Johannes Ritzmann ◽  
Oscar Chinellato ◽  
Richard Hutter ◽  
Christopher Onder
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Conventional Vehicle ◽  
Engine Calibration ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Equivalent Fuel ◽  
Equivalent Fuel Consumption

In this work, the potential for improving the trade-off between fuel consumption and tailpipe NOx emissions through variable engine calibration (VEC) is demonstrated for both conventional and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). First, a preoptimization procedure for the engine operation is proposed to address the challenge posed by the large number of engine control inputs. By excluding infeasible and suboptimal operation offline, an engine model is developed that can be evaluated efficiently during online optimization. Next, dynamic programming is used to find the optimal trade-off between fuel consumption and tailpipe NOx emissions for various vehicle configurations and driving missions. Simulation results show that for a conventional vehicle equipped with VEC and gear optimization run on the worldwide harmonized light vehicles test cycle (WLTC), the fuel consumption can be reduced by 5.4% at equivalent NOx emissions. At equivalent fuel consumption, the NOx emissions can be reduced by 80%. For an HEV, the introduction of VEC, in addition to the optimization of the torque split and the gear selection, drastically extended the achievable trade-off between fuel consumption and tailpipe NOx emissions in simulations. Most notably, the region with very low NOx emissions could only be reached with VEC.

Equivalent fuel consumption optimal control of a series hybrid electric vehicle

2009 ◽  
Vol 223 (8) ◽  
pp. 1003-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J-P Gao ◽  
G-M G Zhu ◽  
E G Strangas ◽  
F-C Sun
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Supervisory Control ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Optimal Control Strategy ◽  
Equivalent Fuel ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Equivalent Fuel Consumption

Improvements in hybrid electric vehicle fuel economy with reduced emissions strongly depend on their supervisory control strategy. In order to develop an efficient real-time supervisory control strategy for a series hybrid electric bus, the proposed equivalent fuel consumption optimal control strategy is compared with two popular strategies, thermostat and power follower, using backward simulations in ADVISOR. For given driving cycles, global optimal solutions were also obtained using dynamic programming to provide an optimization target for comparison purposes. Comparison simulations showed that the thermostat control strategy optimizes the operation of the internal combustion engine and the power follower control strategy minimizes the battery charging and discharging operations which, hence, reduces battery power loss and extends the battery life. The equivalent fuel consumption optimal control strategy proposed in this paper provides an overall system optimization between the internal combustion engine and battery efficiencies, leading to the best fuel economy.

scholarly journals Design of Real-Time Control Based on DP and ECMS for PHEVs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Zhenjiang Cai ◽  
Shaofei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Mode Selection ◽  
Time Algorithm ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Manual Adjustment ◽  
Equivalent Fuel ◽  
Equivalent Fuel Consumption

A real-time control is proposed for plug-in-hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) based on dynamic programming (DP) and equivalent fuel consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) in this study. Firstly, the resulting controls of mode selection and series mode are stored in tables through offline simulation of DP, and the parallel HEV mode uses ECMS-based real-time algorithm to reduce the application of maps and avoid manual adjustment of parameters. Secondly, the feedback energy management system (FMES) is built based on feedback from SoC, which takes into account the charge and discharge reaction (CDR) of the battery, and in order to make full use of the energy stored in the battery, the reference SoC is introduced. Finally, a comparative simulation on the proposed real-time controller is conducted against DP, the results show that the controller has a good performance, and the fuel consumption value of the real-time controller is close to the value using DP. The engine operating conditions are concentrated in the low fuel consumption area of the engine, and when the driving distance is known, the SoC can follow the reference SoC well to make full use of the energy stored in the battery.

scholarly journals Energy Control Strategy for Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Terminal Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Haitao Yan ◽  
Yongzhi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Energy Control ◽  
Time Performance ◽  
Equivalent Fuel ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Equivalent Fuel Consumption

Energy control strategy is a key technology of hybrid electric vehicle, and its control effect directly affects the overall performance of the vehicle. The current control strategy has some shortcomings such as poor adaptability and poor real-time performance. Therefore, a transient energy control strategy based on terminal neural network is proposed. Firstly, based on the definition of instantaneous control strategy, the equivalent fuel consumption of power battery was calculated, and the objective function of the minimum instantaneous equivalent fuel consumption control strategy was established. Then, for solving the time-varying nonlinear equations used to control the torque output, a terminal recursive neural network calculation method using BARRIER functions is designed. The convergence characteristic is analyzed according to the activation function graph, and then the stability of the model is analyzed and the time efficiency of the error converging to zero is deduced. Using ADVISOR software, the hybrid power system model is simulated under two typical operating conditions. Simulation results show that the hybrid electric vehicle using the proposed instantaneous energy control strategy can not only ensure fuel economy but also shorten the control reaction time and effectively improve the real-time performance.

scholarly journals Optimizing Aircraft Performance With Adaptive, Integrated Flight/Propulsion Control

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Smith ◽  
J. D. Chisholm ◽  
J. F. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Life Mode ◽  
Aircraft Performance ◽  
Propulsion Control

An adaptive, integrated flight/propulsion control algorithm called Performance Seeking Control (PSC) has been developed to optimize total aircraft performance during steady state engine operation. The multi-mode algorithm will minimize fuel consumption at cruise conditions; maximize excess thrust (thrust minus drag) during aircraft accelerations, climbs, and dashes; and extend engine life by reducing Fan Turbine Inlet Temperature (FTIT) when the extended life mode is engaged. On-board models of the inlet, engine, and nozzle are optimized to compute a set of control trims, which are then applied as increments to the nominal engine and inlet control schedules. The on-board engine model is continually updated to match the operating characteristics of the actual engine cycle through the use of a Kalman filter, which accounts for anomalous engine operation. The PSC algorithm will be flight demonstrated on an F-15 test aircraft under the direction of the NASA Ames/Dryden Flight Research Facility. This paper discusses the PSC design strategy, describes the control algorithm, and presents results from high fidelity, nonlinear aircraft/engine simulations. Simulation results indicate that thrust increases as high as 15% and specific fuel consumption reductions up to 3% are realizable by the PSC system.

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