Challenges for Zero-Emissions Ship

Due to the increasing impact of ship emissions on the environment and the preventive measures of current regulations introduced by the International Maritime Organization to significantly reduce them, the development of ocean-going all-electric ships has been addressed as a concept applied to achieve it. Being a promising technology considers the use of technology alternatives such as fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors together with the use of zero-carbon alternative fuels such as hydrogen (H2) and ammonia (NH3) as main energy sources. This article addresses a state-of-the-art on several challenges related to the ocean-going zero-emissions ship to achieve a zero-emissions shipping, based on the technology associated with hybrid and all-electric ship, and the zero-carbon fuels alternatives. In this respect, a transition from fossil fuel-based propulsion and auxiliary systems to a zero-emissions ship concept are related to the challenges to overcome the needs of energy density for these new alternatives energy sources compared to current fossil fuel options. The transitional process should consider a first step of hybridization of the propulsion and auxiliary systems of existing ships to get a baseline from where to move forward to a zero-emissions configuration for new designs.

Efficiency improvement of dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor using modified switching table DTC for electric ship propulsion

A direct torque control using a classical switching- table ST-DTC can be used to control the torque and thus the speed of Dual Three-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (DTP-PMSM). The principle is based on direct application of control sequence by using two hysteresis regulators and a switching table. A large stator current containing low order harmonics is produced during the application of the classic ST-DTC technique, this leads to higher losses affecting the efficiency of the machine. To allow a reduction of these harmonics a modified switching-table approach based DTC technique is examined. Indeed, an improved ST-DTC strategy, which consist of replacing the vectors of the classical table with synthetic vectors, is discussed. The simulation results confirm the validity of the selected strategy.

Power Management System (PMS) Sebagai Kontrol Utama Dalam Perkembangan Power Listrik Kapal

Power listrik kapal mulai diperkenalkan pada abad 19, listrik sebagai sumber energi pengoperasian kapal digunakan untuk penerangan, komunikasi, navigasi, monitoring, alarm system, menjalankan motor listrik, dan instalasi high voltage penggerak utama kapal. Instalasi listrik pertama kali oleh kapal komersial SS Columbia dengan power listrik DC, berlanjut kepada power listrik induksi motor AC dengan mesin diesel. Teknologi power listrik terbaru yaitu All Electric Ship (AES) oleh kapal penumpang ferry Ampere, adalah kapal pertama di dunia yang menggunakan fully battery driven dan beroperasi regular di perairan Norwegia. Saat ini engineer dunia mengembangkan desain kapal baru dengan sistem power hybrid, yaitu menyatukan dua atau lebih sumber power yang terintegrasi untuk mendapatkan power berefisiensi tinggi. Penulisan dalam paper ini menggunakan metode deskripsi kualitatif dengan mengacu kepada studi kepustakaan. Perkembangan listrik dari tiap generasi tentang sumber power listrik, kontrol automatis dan managemen power menjadi bahan untuk dibahas dalam penulisan ini. Power Management System (PMS) adalah system kontrol terintegrasi secara fungsional untuk mengoptimalkan alokasi power dan distribusi energi. PMS menjaga power listrik bekerja tanpa ada hambatan, gangguan, ataupun kegagalan sistem saat kapal beroperasi. PMS mengendalikan power secara aman dan berimbang antara pembangkit listrik dan distribusi power listrik kapal.