scholarly journals Factors Influencing the Renewable Energy Consumption in Selected European Countries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Jan Polcyn ◽  
Yana Us ◽  
Oleksii Lyulyov ◽  
Tetyana Pimonenko ◽  
Aleksy Kwilinski
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Co2 Intensity ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression

The overcoming of the issues on energy crisis and inequality have become the priorities as far developing as developed countries are concerned. Moreover, energy inequality has increased due to the shortage of natural gas and rising energy prices in retaliation to the economic recovery affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to verify the linkage between the growth of renewable energy consumption and the country’s economic advancement. In this context, this paper determines the main driving forces of renewable energy consumption in European countries during 2000–2018. The annual data for panel regression analysis are retrieved from the OECD. Stat and World Bank Open Data. This empirical analysis employed a set of estimation procedures such as the panel unit root test (Levin, Lin & Chu; Im, Pesaran, Shin W-Stat; ADF-Fisher Chi-square; and PP-Fisher Chi-square methods), the Pearson correlation, fixed- and random-effects models, generalized method of moments (GMM), Hausman and the robustness tests. The results from the Hausman test ratified that the fixed-effects regression model is more suitable for involved panel balanced data. The results of fixed-effects regression and GMM identified the statistically significant and positive relationship between the share of renewable energy consumption of total final energy consumption, GDP per capita, and CO2 emissions per capita for the overall sample. In turn, the total labor force, the gross capital formation, and production-based CO2 intensity are inversely related to renewable energy consumption. The identified effects could provide some insights for policymakers to improve the renewable energy sector towards gaining sustainable economic development.

scholarly journals Dynamic linkages between renewable energy, carbon emissions and economic growth through nonlinear ARDL approach: Evidence from Iran

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253464
Author(s):  
M. S. Karimi ◽  
S. Ahmad ◽  
H. Karamelikli ◽  
D. T. Dinç ◽  
Y. A. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Per Capita

This study examines the relationship between economic growth, renewable energy consumption, and carbon emissions in Iran between 1975–2017, and the bounds testing approach to cointegration and the asymmetric method was used in this study. The results reveal that in the long run increase in renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions causes an increase in real GDP per capita. Meanwhile, the decrease in renewable energy has the same effect, but GDP per capita reacts more strongly to the rise in renewable energy than the decline. Besides, in the long run, a reduction of CO2 emissions has an insignificant impact on GDP per capita. Furthermore, the results from asymmetric tests suggest that reducing CO2 emissions and renewable energy consumption do not have an essential role in decreasing growth in the short run. In contrast, an increase in renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions do contribute to boosting the growth. These results may be attributable to the less renewable energy in the energy portfolio of Iran. Additionally, the coefficients on capital and labor are statistically significant, and we discuss the economic implications of the results and propose specific policy recommendations.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Non-Renewable Energy Consumption and Education Expenditure on CO2 Emission Intensity of Real GDP in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Huang ◽  
Qiushi Deng ◽  
Liang Li
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Co2 Intensity ◽  
Co2 Emission Intensity

Abstract BackgroundWith the economic development, China has become the world's largest CO2 emitter. Given that climate warming has increasingly become the focus of the international community, Chinese government committed to reducing its CO2 emission intensity substantially. Prior studies find that the evolution of economic structure and technological progress can reduce CO2 emissions, but lack of considering CO2 emissions and output as a whole. In addition, the role of education expenditure is relatively overlooked. This paper contributes to the literature by examining the link of CO2 emission intensity, non-renewable energy consumption and education expenditure in China during 1971-2014. ResultsWe use the ARDL approach and find that in the long run, every 1% increase in non-renewable energy consumption results in a 0.92% increase in CO2 intensity, while every 1% increase in operational education expenditure reduces the CO2 intensity by 0.86%. In the short term, 36% of the deviation from the long run equilibrium is corrected in the next period.ConclusionsWe draw out two important conclusions and make important policy recommendations. First and foremost, as long as the increase in operational educational expenditure exceeds the increase in non-renewable energy consumption, CO2 intensity of real GDP will decrease in the long run. This means that in the development stage when economic activities are still highly dependent on non-renewable energy sources, the Chinese government should continue to vigorously increase expenditures on public education. Second, the increase in non-renewable energy consumption will result in an increase in CO2 intensity of real GDP. Therefore, gradually increasing the proportion of clean energy consumption in the energy nexus is another powerful starting point for China to achieve its goal of reducing CO2 intensity of real GDP.JEL ClassificationC32. I2. Q4. Q53. Q56.

scholarly journals Factors of Renewable Energy Consumption in the European Countries – the Bayesian Averaging Classical Estimates Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atif Maqbool Khan ◽  
Jacek Kwiatkowski ◽  
Magdalena Osińska ◽  
Marcin Błażejowski
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bayesian Averaging ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

The aim of the paper is to identify the most likely factors that determine the demand for Renewa-ble Energy Consumption (R.E.C.) in European countries. Although in Europe a high environmen-tal awareness is omnipresent, countries differ in scope and share of R.E.C. due to historical ener-getic policies and dependencies, investments into renewable and traditional energetic sectors, R&D development, structural changes required by energetic policy change, and many other fac-tors. The study refers to a set of macroeconomic, institutional, and social factors affecting energetic renewable policy and R.E.C. in selected European countries in two points of time: i.e., before and after the Paris Agreement. The Bayesian Average Classical Estimates (BACE) is applied to indicate the most likely factors affecting R.E.C. in 2015 and 2018. The comparison of the results reveals that the G.D.P. level, nuclear and hydro energy consumption were the determinants significant in both analyzed years. Furthermore, it became clear that in 2015 the R.E.C. depended strongly on the energy consumption structure, while in 2018, the foreign direct investment and trade openness played their role in increasing renewable energy consumption. The direction of changes is positive and complies with sustainable development goals (S.D.G.s).

scholarly journals The Nexus Between Convergence of Conventional and Renewable Energy Consumption in the Present European Union States. Explorative Study on Parametric and Semi-Parametric Methods

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5272
Author(s):  
Gina Ionela Butnaru ◽  
Alina-Petronela Haller ◽  
Raluca Irina Clipa ◽  
Mirela Ștefănică ◽  
Mihaela Ifrim
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Parametric Methods ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Convergence Model ◽  
The Eu

Economic and social progress is directly and closely related to energy consumption. In the latest decades, there is a higher need to reduce energy consumption from conventional sources, replacing it with energy obtained from unconventional sources. The environmental concern is one of the objectives of the European economic policy, with a particular focus on renewable energy consumption and energy efficiency in order to lower the environmental impact. In this context, we analyzed energy consumption per capita and renewable energy consumption per capita in the EU with the help of parametric methods, using the β-convergence model, and semiparametric methods, using the σ-convergence model. In this research we proposed to study six analysis models of the period 1960–2015, based on the availability of data. We concluded that the EU states went through a convergence process in a slow pace of energy consumption per capita and renewable energy per capita, showing a convergence pattern. The results of the study show that there is a relationship between the convergence of conventional energy consumption and the convergence of renewable (unconventional) energy consumption. The study covers a long period of time in which EU member states had different economic and social systems, implicitly different degrees and rates of development. In addition, the interest in renewable energy is relatively recent in the whole world. There is a possibility that future research will provide more optimistic results, in terms of accelerating the convergence rate, as appropriate measures and technologies are applied to renewable energy production in all EU member states.

scholarly journals Factors of Renewable Energy Consumption in the European Countries—The Bayesian Averaging Classical Estimates Approach

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7526
Author(s):  
Atif Maqbool Khan ◽  
Jacek Kwiatkowski ◽  
Magdalena Osińska ◽  
Marcin Błażejowski
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bayesian Averaging ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

The paper aims to identify the most likely factors that determine the demand for energy consumption from renewable sources (renewable energy consumption—REC) in European countries. Although in Europe, a high environmental awareness is omnipresent, countries differ in scope and share of REC due to historical energetic policies and dependencies, investments into renewable and traditional energetic sectors, R&D development, structural changes required by energetic policy change, and many other factors. The study refers to a set of macroeconomic, institutional, and social factors affecting energetic renewable policy and REC in selected European countries in two points of time: i.e., before and after the Paris Agreement. The Bayesian Average Classical Estimates (BACE) is applied to indicate the most likely factors affecting REC in 2015 and 2018. The comparison of the results reveals that the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) level, nuclear and hydro energy consumption were the determinants significant in both analyzed years. Furthermore, it became clear that in 2015, the REC depended strongly on the energy consumption structure, while in 2018, the foreign direct investment and trade openness played their role in increasing renewable energy consumption. The direction of changes is gradual and positive. It complies with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

scholarly journals Impact of Economic Growth and Energy Consumption on Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Testing Environmental Curves Hypotheses on EU Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Sterpu ◽  
Georgeta Soava ◽  
Anca Mehedintu
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Per Capita

This study analyses the relationship between per capita greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, gross domestic product, gross inland energy consumption, and renewable energy consumption for a panel of 28 countries of European Union in the period 1990–2016. Two theoretical models, a quadratic and a cubic one, are used to estimate the shape of the environmental curve and to test the Kuznets hypothesis. The panel cointegration approach proved the existence of long-run equilibrium relations among the four macroeconomic indicators. Empirical estimations, using panel data techniques, as well as heterogeneous regression for each individual country in the panel, show non-conclusive evidence for the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. The least square estimates, with the variables in log per capita form, reveal that the inverted U-shaped EKC hypothesis is verified for the panel and for 17 of the 28 EU countries. Estimates of the cubic model show that the environmental curve has an inverted N-shaped form. These results do not hold when the values are in non-logarithmic form. In addition, the estimations for all models show that an increase of gross energy consumption leads to an increase of GHGs, while an increase of renewable energy consumption leads to a reduction in GHG emissions.

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