scholarly journals Optimal Power Dispatch in Energy Systems Considering Grid Constraints

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Alejandro Rubio ◽  
Frank Schuldt ◽  
Peter Klement ◽  
Karsten von Maydell
Keyword(s):  
Unit Commitment ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Unit Commitment Problem ◽  
Pump Operation ◽  
Study Planning ◽  
Electrical Vehicles

As a consequence of the increasing share of renewable energies and sector coupling technologies, new approaches are needed for the study, planning, and control of modern energy systems. Such new structures may add extra stress to the electric grid, as is the case with heat pumps and electrical vehicles. Therefore, the optimal performance of the system must be estimated considering the constraints imposed by the different sectors. In this research, an energy system dispatch optimization model is employed. It includes an iterative approach for generating grid constraints, which is decoupled from the linear unit commitment problem. The dispatch of all energy carriers in the system is optimized while considering the physical electrical grid limits. From the considered scenarios, it was found that in a typical German neighborhood with 150 households, a PV penetration of ∼5 kWp per household can lead to curtailment of ∼60 MWh per year due to line loading. Furthermore, the proposed method eliminates grid violations due to the addition of new sectors and reduces the energy curtailment up to 45%. With the optimization of the heat pump operation, an increase of 7% of the self-consumption was achieved with similar results for the combination of battery systems and electrical vehicles. In conclusion, a safe and optimal operation of a complex energy system is fulfilled. Efficient control strategies and more accurate plant sizing could be derived from this work.

scholarly journals Optimal Power Dispatch in Energy Systems Considering Grid Constraints

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Rubio ◽  
Frank Schuldt ◽  
Peter Klement ◽  
Karsten von Maydell
Keyword(s):  
Unit Commitment ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Unit Commitment Problem ◽  
Pump Operation ◽  
Electrical Vehicles

As a consequence of the increasing share of renewable energies and sector coupling technologies, new approaches are needed for the study, planning, and control of modern energy systems. Such new structures may add extra stress to the electric grid, as is the case with heat pumps and electrical vehicles. Therefore, the optimal performance of the system must be estimated considering the constraints imposed by the different sectors. In this research, a dispatch optimization method with an iterative grid constraint generation, decoupled from the linear unit commitment problem, is employed. From the considered scenarios, it was found that in a typical German neighborhood with 150 households, PV penetration of ∼5kWp per household can lead to curtailment of ∼60MWh per year due to line loading. Furthermore, the proposed method eliminates grid violations due to the addition of new sectors reducing the curtailment up to 60%. With the optimization of the heat pump operation, an increase of 7% of the self-consumption was achieved with similar results for the combination of battery systems and electrical vehicles. In conclusion, a safer and optimal operation of a complex energy system is fulfilled. Safer control strategies and more accurate plant sizing could be derived from this work.

scholarly journals A Method for Optimizing and Spatially Distributing Heating Systems by Coupling an Urban Energy Simulation Platform and an Energy System Model

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Annette Steingrube ◽  
Keyu Bao ◽  
Stefan Wieland ◽  
Andrés Lalama ◽  
Pithon M. Kabiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
District Heating ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Energy Simulation ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Optimal Amount ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
Building Level

District heating is seen as an important concept to decarbonize heating systems and meet climate mitigation goals. However, the decision related to where central heating is most viable is dependent on many different aspects, like heating densities or current heating structures. An urban energy simulation platform based on 3D building objects can improve the accuracy of energy demand calculation on building level, but lacks a system perspective. Energy system models help to find economically optimal solutions for entire energy systems, including the optimal amount of centrally supplied heat, but do not usually provide information on building level. Coupling both methods through a novel heating grid disaggregation algorithm, we propose a framework that does three things simultaneously: optimize energy systems that can comprise all demand sectors as well as sector coupling, assess the role of centralized heating in such optimized energy systems, and determine the layouts of supplying district heating grids with a spatial resolution on the street level. The algorithm is tested on two case studies; one, an urban city quarter, and the other, a rural town. In the urban city quarter, district heating is economically feasible in all scenarios. Using heat pumps in addition to CHPs increases the optimal amount of centrally supplied heat. In the rural quarter, central heat pumps guarantee the feasibility of district heating, while standalone CHPs are more expensive than decentral heating technologies.

scholarly journals Calculation and Analysis of the Interval Power Flow for Distributed Energy System Based on Affine Algorithm

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 600
Author(s):  
Bin Ouyang ◽  
Lu Qu ◽  
Qiyang Liu ◽  
Baoye Tian ◽  
Zhichang Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Distributed Energy System

Due to the coupling of different energy systems, optimization of different energy complementarities, and the realization of the highest overall energy utilization rate and environmental friendliness of the energy system, distributed energy system has become an important way to build a clean and low-carbon energy system. However, the complex topological structure of the system and too many coupling devices bring more uncertain factors to the system which the calculation of the interval power flow of distributed energy system becomes the key problem to be solved urgently. Affine power flow calculation is considered as an important solution to solve uncertain steady power flow problems. In this paper, the distributed energy system coupled with cold, heat, and electricity is taken as the research object, the influence of different uncertain factors such as photovoltaic and wind power output is comprehensively considered, and affine algorithm is adopted to calculate the system power flow of the distributed energy system under high and low load conditions. The results show that the system has larger operating space, more stable bus voltage and more flexible pipeline flow under low load condition than under high load condition. The calculation results of the interval power flow of distributed energy systems can provide theoretical basis and data support for the stability analysis and optimal operation of distributed energy systems.

scholarly journals Flexibility Reserve of Self-Consumption Optimized Energy Systems in the Household Sector

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3017
Author(s):  
Elias Dörre ◽  
Sebastian Pfaffel ◽  
Alexander Dreher ◽  
Pedro Girón ◽  
Svenja Heising ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unit Commitment ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Unit Commitment Problem ◽  
Household Sector ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Individual

Energy generation and consumption in the power grid must be balanced at every single moment. Within the synchronous area of continental Europe, flexible generators and loads can provide Frequency Containment Reserve and Frequency Restoration Reserve marketed through the balancing markets. The Transmission System Operators use these flexibilities to maintain or restore the grid frequency when there are deviations. This paper shows the future flexibility potential of Germany’s household sector, in particular for single-family and twin homes in 2025 and 2030 with the assumption that households primarily optimize their self-consumption. The primary focus is directed to the flexibility potential of Electric Vehicles, Heat Pumps, Photovoltaics and Battery Storage Systems. A total of 10 different household system configurations were considered and combined in a weighted average based on the scenario framework of the German Grid Development Plan. The household generation, consumption and storage units were simulated in a mixed-integer linear programming model to create the time series for the self-consumption optimized households. This solved the unit commitment problem for each of the decentralized households in their individual configurations. Finally, the individual household flexibilities were evaluated and then aggregated to a Germany-wide flexibility profile for single-family and twin homes. The results indicate that the household sector can contribute significantly to system stabilization with an average potential of 30 negative and 3 positive flexibility in 2025. In 2030, the corresponding flexibilities potentially increase to 90 and 30 , respectively. This underlines that considerable flexibility reserves could be provided by single-family and twin homes in the future.

scholarly journals Day-ahead Market Modelling of Large-scale Highly-renewable Multi-energy Systems: Analysis of the North Sea Region Towards 2050

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Gea Bermúdez ◽  
Kaushik Das ◽  
Hardi Koduvere ◽  
Matti Juhani Koivisto
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Unit Commitment ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Integer Variables ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

This paper proposes a mathematical model to simulate Day-ahead markets of large-scale multi-energy systems with high share of renewable energy. Furthermore, it analyses the importance of including unit commitment when performing such analysis. The results of the case study, which is performed for the North Sea region, show the influence of massive renewable penetration in the energy sector and increasing electrification of the district heating sector towards 2050, and how this impacts the role of other energy sources such as thermal and hydro. The penetration of wind and solar is likely to challenge the need for balancing in the system as well as the profitability of thermal units. The degree of influence of the unit commitment approach is found to be dependent on the configuration of the energy system. Overall, including unit commitment constraints with integer variables leads to more realistic behaviour of the units, at the cost of increasing considerably the computational time. Relaxing integer variables reduces significantly the computational time, without highly compromising the accuracy of the results. The proposed model, together with the insights from the study case, can be specially useful for system operators for optimal operational planning.

Multi-Scale, Multi-Dimensional Modelling of Future Energy Systems

2015 ◽  
pp. 113-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Spataru ◽  
Andreas Koch ◽  
Pierrick Bouffaron
Keyword(s):  
Material Science ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Energy System ◽  
System Modelling ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
Power System Engineering

This chapter provides a discussion of current multi-scale energy systems expressed by a multitude of data and simulation models, and how these modelling approaches can be (re)designed or combined to improve the representation of such system. It aims to address the knowledge gap in energy system modelling in order to better understand its existing and future challenges. The frontiers between operational algorithms embedded in hardware and modelling control strategies are becoming fuzzier: therefore the paradigm of modelling intelligent urban energy systems for the future has to be constantly evolving. The chapter concludes on the need to build a holistic, multi-dimensional and multi-scale framework in order to address tomorrow's urban energy challenges. Advances in multi-scale methods applied to material science, chemistry, fluid dynamics, and biology have not been transferred to the full extend to power system engineering. New tools are therefore necessary to describe dynamics of coupled energy systems with optimal control.

scholarly journals Effect of Heat Demand on Integration of Urban Large-Scale Renewable Schemes—Case of Helsinki City (60 °N)

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2164
Author(s):  
Vahid Arabzadeh ◽  
Peter D. Lund
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
Heat Demand

Heat demand dominates the final energy use in northern cities. This study examines how changes in heat demand may affect solutions for zero-emission energy systems, energy system flexibility with variable renewable electricity production, and the use of existing energy systems for deep decarbonization. Helsinki city (60 °N) in the year 2050 is used as a case for the analysis. The future district heating demand is estimated considering activity-driven factors such as population increase, raising the ambient temperature, and building energy efficiency improvements. The effect of the heat demand on energy system transition is investigated through two scenarios. The BIO-GAS scenario employs emission-free gas technologies, bio-boilers and heat pumps. The WIND scenario is based on large-scale wind power with power-to-heat conversion, heat pumps, and bio-boilers. The BIO-GAS scenario combined with a low heat demand profile (−12% from 2018 level) yields 16% lower yearly costs compared to a business-as-usual higher heat demand. In the WIND-scenario, improving the lower heat demand in 2050 could save the annual system 6–13% in terms of cost, depending on the scale of wind power.

scholarly journals Research on Operation Optimization Strategy of Integrated Energy System Considering Ground Source Heat Pump

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Linfeng Wang ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Nan Xu ◽  
Jingyan Wang ◽  
Danyang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Operation Strategy ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Operation Optimization ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Integrated Energy System

With the depletion of fossil energy and the popularity of renewable energy, a comprehensive energy system with the goal of improving system energy efficiency and consuming renewable energy is booming. Based on the combined heat, power, and heat generation, this paper builds a comprehensive energy system operation optimization model in conjunction with ground source heat pumps. It aims to find the optimal operation strategy based on the actual situation of the park’s load, equipment capacity, and energy prices. Using the linear programming method, a mathematical model with the best economic efficiency of the integrated energy system is established, the optimal operation strategy for a typical day is analyzed, and the annual operation is simulated. Finally, it compares with conventional energy supply methods and analyzes the contribution to the consumption of renewable energy.

scholarly journals A methodology for designing decentralised energy systems with predictive control for heat pumps and thermal storage

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 06014
Author(s):  
Andrew Lyden ◽  
Paul Tuohy
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Control ◽  
Thermal Characteristic ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Electricity Cost

Decentralised energy systems provide the potential for adding energy system flexibility by separating demand/supply dynamics with demand side management and storage technologies. They also offer an opportunity for implementing technologies which enable sector coupling benefits, for example, heat pumps with controls set to use excess wind power generation. Gaps in this field relating to planning-level modelling tools have previously been identified: thermal characteristic modelling for thermal storage and advanced options for control. This paper sets out a methodology for modelling decentralised energy systems including heat pumps and thermal storage with the aim of assisting planning-level design. The methodology steps consist of: 1) thermal and electrical demand and local resource assessment methods, 2) energy production models for wind turbines, PV panels, fuel generators, heat pumps, and fuel boilers, 3) bi-directional energy flow models for simple electrical storage, hot water tank thermal storage with thermal characteristics, and a grid-connection, 4) predictive control strategy minimising electricity cost using a 24-hour lookahead, and 5) modelling outputs. Contributions to the identified gaps are examined by analysing the sensible thermal storage model with thermal characteristics and the use of the predictive control. Future extensions and applications of the methodology are discussed.

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