scholarly journals Motion Estimation in HEVC/H.265: Metaheuristic Approach to Improve the Efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Khwaja Humble Hassan ◽  
Shahzad Ahmad Butt
Keyword(s):  
Motion Estimation ◽  
Video Coding ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
High Efficiency Video Coding ◽  
High Definition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Test Zone ◽  
Encoding Efficiency

An ever increasing use of digital video applications such as video telephony, broadcast and the storage of high and ultra-high definition videos has steered the development of video coding standards. The state of the art video coding standard is High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) or otherwise known as H.265. It promises to be 50 percent more efficient than the previous video coding standard H.264. Ultimately, H.265 provides significant improvement in compression at the expense of computational complexity. HEVC encoder is very complex and 50 percent of the encoding consists of Motion Estimation (ME). It uses a Test Zone (TZ) fast search algorithm for its motion estimation, which compares a block of pixels with a few selected blocks in the search region of a referenced frame. However, the encoding time is not suitable to meet the needs of real time video applications. So, there is a requirement to improve the search algorithm and to provide comparable results to TZ search to save a substantial amount of time. In our paper, we aim to study the effects of a meta-heuristic algorithm on motion estimation. One such suitable algorithm for this task is the Firefly Algorithm (FA). FA is inspired by the social behavior of fireflies and is generally used to solve optimization problems. Our results show that implementing FA for ME saves a considerable amount of time with a comparable encoding efficiency.

scholarly journals Rate Distortion Performance of Motion Estimation for High Efficiency Video Coding

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 2855-2860
Keyword(s):  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Motion Estimation ◽  
Video Coding ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Rate Distortion ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Video Sequences ◽  
High Efficiency Video Coding ◽  
Different Types

The contemporary coding standard for video is High Efficiency Video Coding Standard (HEVC). It’s introduced by ITU-T (International Telegraph Union) and Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC). HEVC attains the requirement of video storage and transmission with high resolution. Although it requires the high amount of computational complexity. Motion Vectors are determined with motion estimation analysis; it is implemented with different types of algorithm. In this paper, Motion Estimation Process is implementing with the content split block search algorithm. It improves Peak Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR) than to the existing algorithms. The Objective evaluation has been performed with various video sequences such as BQ Terrace and also improved PSNR.

scholarly journals A Motion Estimation based Algorithm for Encoding Time Reduction in HEVC

2022 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
S. Karthik Sairam ◽  
P. Muralidhar
Keyword(s):  
Motion Estimation ◽  
Video Coding ◽  
Video Compression ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Video Quality ◽  
Search Pattern ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
High Efficiency Video Coding ◽  
Search Patterns

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is a video compression standard that offers 50% more efficiency at the expense of high encoding time contrasted with the H.264 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard. The encoding time must be reduced to satisfy the needs of real-time applications. This paper has proposed the Multi- Level Resolution Vertical Subsampling (MLRVS) algorithm to reduce the encoding time. The vertical subsampling minimizes the number of Sum of Absolute Difference (SAD) computations during the motion estimation process. The complexity reduction algorithm is also used for fast coding the coefficients of the quantised block using a flag decision. Two distinct search patterns are suggested: New Cross Diamond Diamond (NCDD) and New Cross Diamond Hexagonal (NCDH) search patterns, which reduce the time needed to locate the motion vectors. In this paper, the MLRVS algorithm with NCDD and MLRVS algorithm with NCDH search patterns are simulated separately and analyzed. The results show that the encoding time of the encoder is decreased by 55% with MLRVS algorithm using NCDD search pattern and 56% with MLRVS using NCDH search pattern compared to HM16.5 with Test Zone (TZ) search algorithm. These results are achieved with a slight increase in bit rate and negligible deterioration in output video quality.

scholarly journals Energy and Rate-Aware Design for HEVC Motion Estimation Based on Pareto Efficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Murilo Roschildt Perleberg ◽  
Vladimir Afonso ◽  
Ruhan Conceição ◽  
Altamiro Susin ◽  
Luciano Agostini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Estimation ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Hardware Design ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Pareto Efficiency ◽  
External Control ◽  
High Efficiency Video Coding ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Average Case ◽  
Test Zone

This paper presents a high-throughput energy and rate-aware hardware design for the Motion Estimation (ME) according to the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard. The hardware design implements a modified Test Zone Search (TZS) algorithm to perform Integer Motion Estimation (IME) as well as the Fractional Motion Estimation (FME) defined by the HEVC standard. Based on evaluations with the HEVC Reference Software, a complexity-reduction strategy was adopted in the developed architecture that mainly consists of supporting only the 8x8, 16x16, 32x32, and 64x64 Prediction Unit (PU) sizes rather than using the 24 possible PU sizes. The architecture allows an external control unit selects a subset of these four PU sizes according to the energy and rate targets for a specific application. The possible operation points were determined based on Pareto Efficiency. The architecture was described in VHDL, and the synthesis results for ASIC 45nm Nangate standard cells show that the developed architecture can process at least 53 frames per second (fps) considering Ultra-High Definition (UHD) 4320p videos. When an average-case of processing is considered, the architecture is able to process 112fps at UHD 4320p resolution.

Real-time motion estimation diamond search algorithm for the new high efficiency video coding on FPGA

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randa Khemiri ◽  
Hassan Kibeya ◽  
Hassen Loukil ◽  
Fatma Ezahra Sayadi ◽  
Mohamed Atri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Estimation ◽  
Video Coding ◽  
Real Time ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
High Efficiency Video Coding ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Diamond Search ◽  
Diamond Search Algorithm
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