scholarly journals Optimizing Water Age and Pressure in Drinking Water Distribution Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Kourbasis ◽  
Menelaos Patelis ◽  
Stavroula Tsitsifli ◽  
Vasilis Kanakoudis
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Water Age ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Simulation And Optimization

Water distribution networks suffer from high levels of water losses due to leaks and breaks, mainly due to high operating pressure. One of the most well-known methods to reduce water losses is pressure management. However, when the operating pressure in a water distribution network reduces, the time the water stays within the network (called water age) increases. Increased water age means deteriorated water quality. In this paper, water pressure in relation to water age is addressed in a water distribution network in Greece. Using simulation and optimization tools, the optimum solution is found to reduce water age and operating pressure at the same time. In addition, District Metered Areas are formed and water age is optimized.

scholarly journals Optimizing the Formation of DMAs in a Water Distribution Network through Advanced Modelling

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavroula Chatzivasili ◽  
Katerina Papadimitriou ◽  
Vasilis Kanakoudis
Keyword(s):  
Mixture Model ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Water Age ◽  
Optimal Separation ◽  
Student’S T

Water pressure management in a water distribution network (WDN) is a key component applied to achieve desirable water quality as well as a trouble-free operation of the network. This paper presents a hybrid, two-stage approach, to provide optimal separation of a WDN into District Metered Areas (DMAs), improving both water age and pressure. The first stage aims to divide the WDN into smaller areas via the Geometric Partitioning method, which is based on Recursive Coordinate Bisection (RCB). Subsequently, the Student’s t-mixture model (SMM) is applied to each area, providing an optimal placement of isolation valves and separating the network in DMAs. The model is evaluated on a realistic network generated through Watergems and is compared against one variation of it implemented, including the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) as well as the Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach, obtaining impressive performance. The implementation of both stages was deployed in a MATLAB environment through the Epanet toolkit. The proposed system is very promising, especially for large size WDNs due to the decreased running time and noteworthy reduction of pressure and water age.

Study on Safety Evaluation Method for Water Distribution Networks Based on LS-SVM

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 5003-5008
Author(s):  
Zhi Tao Wang ◽  
Jing Yu Su ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Svm Model

To evaluate the security of urban water distribution network, one model based on LS-SVM was put forth. On the basis of summary and analysis of influential factors for urban water distribution network security, a set of indexes used in the evaluation model above was constructed. The nonlinear mapping between the water distribution networks security classification and its conditions were learned from the finite samples and a water distribution network example was simulated using this model. In addition, the BP ANN model was used to simulate the same example. Through the analysis of the result of the actual security level, the security level acquired by the LS-SVM model and BP ANN model, it may be found that the result acquired by the LS-SVM model has high accuracy, and may used in actual engineering.

Hydraulic performance of post-earthquake water distribution networks based on head driven simulation method

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1281-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mani ◽  
M. Tabesh ◽  
M. R. Zolfaghari
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Hydraulic Performance ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Actual Performance

Water distribution networks are one of the most important infrastructures in urban areas. Evaluating their real hydraulic performance after being damaged by earthquake loadings is crucial for future planning. In this study, pipeline damage caused by seismic wave propagation is modelled using relationships obtained from 1994 Northridge earthquake. Damaged network is hydraulically analysed using the head driven simulation method (HDSM). This analysis helps to obtain actual performance of the water distribution network damaged by seismic waves, without the usual need to handle negative nodal pressures generated from demand driven simulation method. Pressure performance indicator and the total leakage of the network are used as indicators to show the hydraulic performance of the system. Comparison of the damages from different seismic scenarios and the hydraulic indicators of the network, illustrate the probable condition of the water distribution network after the earthquake. The proposed methodology is applied on a reservoir zone of the Tehran water distribution network. The results indicate the degree of damage in terms of pipe burst and leak points in this network.

scholarly journals Water Loss Reduction in Water Distribution Networks. Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Anca Hoțupan ◽  
Roxana Mare ◽  
Adriana Hădărean
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Supply Pipe ◽  
Looped Network

Abstract Water losses on the potable water distribution networks represent an important issue; on the one hand, water loss does not bring money and on the other hand, they modify water flow and pressure distribution on the entire system and this can lead to a cut-off of the water supply. A stringent monitoring of the water distribution network reduces considerably the water losses. The appearance of a leakage inside the distribution network is inevitable in time. But very important is its location and repair time – that are recommended to be as short as possible. The present paper analyses the hydraulic parameters of the water flow inside a supply pipe of a looped network that provides potable water for an entire neighbourhood. The main goals are to optimize these parameters, to reduce water losses by rigorous monitoring and control of the service pressure on the supply pipe and to create a balance between pressure and water flow. The presented method is valid for any type of distribution network, but the obtained values refer strictly to the analysed potable water distribution looped network.

scholarly journals Pressure Management of Water Distribution Networks Based on Minimum Ground Elevation Difference of DMAs

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Giovanni Francesco Santonastaso ◽  
Armando Di Nardo ◽  
Michele Di Natale ◽  
Velitchko Tzatchkov
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Network Partitioning ◽  
Pressure Management ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Elevation Difference

Water network partitioning (WNP) represents an efficient strategy to improve management of water distribution networks, reduce water losses and monitor water quality. It consists in physically dividing of a water distribution network (WDN) into districted metered areas (DMAs) through the placement of flow meters and isolation valves on boundary pipes between DMAs. In this paper, a novel methodology for designing DMAs is proposed that provides districts with quite similar node elevations and minimizes the number of boundary pipes in order to simplify pressure management and reduce the number of devices to place into the network.

scholarly journals Optimal Design of and Transition towards Water Distribution Network Blueprints

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Ina Vertommen ◽  
Karel van Laarhoven ◽  
Peter van Thienen ◽  
Claudia Agudelo-Vera ◽  
Tjakko Haaijer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Hydraulic Performance ◽  
Transition Phase ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Construction Sites

The design of network blueprints (ideal design of water distribution networks taking into account the existing infrastructure) is optimized considering the minimization of costs while satisfying the required pressure and flow velocities. The optimal transition from the existing infrastructure towards the blueprint is described by the minimization of pipe failures or maximization of hydraulic performance and the number of construction sites, where old pipes are replaced by new ones, in each transition phase. Both problems are solved with Gondwana. An application to the network of Helmond-Mierlo (The Netherlands) shows that the costs for the optimized blueprint are only 64% of those from the currently existing infrastructure, while the hydraulic performance is improved. The optimized transition shows that a larger number of intervention sites allows for a higher reduction of pipe failures and a better hydraulic performance of the network.

scholarly journals Forming DMAs in a water distribution network considering the operating pressure and the chlorine residual concentration as the design parameters

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 900-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Gonelas ◽  
Apostolos Chondronasios ◽  
Vasilis Kanakoudis ◽  
Menelaos Patelis ◽  
Panagiota Korkana
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Residual Concentration

Abstract Dividing a water distribution network (WDN) in the optimal district metered areas (DMAs) formation is one task that usually troubles water utility managers. The present paper utilizes optimization methods to achieve desired segmentation conditions in terms of (a) operating pressure reduction, thus reducing the system's real water losses and (b) residual chlorine concentration reduction thus preventing disinfection byproducts' growth. Exploiting the numerous possibilities offered by the inter-connection of Matlab and EPANET software tools, an algorithm is developed in C++ language. The algorithm reads all significant data of a WDN as an output of EPANET. The first algorithm calculates the optimal allocation of a given number of closed isolation valves in terms of water losses' reduction, considering restrictions for network's proper operation. The second algorithm calculates the optimal formation of DMAs in terms of water quality improvement. Both algorithms can be applied in any WDN. The outcome is the optimal set of closed pipes that leads to the optimal formation of DMAs in a given network. The closing of pipes (by installing isolation valves) determines the optimal formation of DMAs. The basic concept of both algorithms and their application in a case study network's hydraulic model are presented.

scholarly journals Sensor Placement in Water Distribution Networks based on Spectral Algorithms

10.29007/whzr ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Di Nardo ◽  
Carlo Giudicianni ◽  
Roberto Greco ◽  
Manuel Herrera ◽  
Giovanni Francesco Santonastaso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Sensor Placement ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Network Graph ◽  
Spectral Techniques

Installing an efficient monitoring and control sensor system provides the possibility to carry out main tasks on Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) management and protection. Given the WDNs complexity, efficient numerical techniques are needed to support optimal monitoring system design. Generally, it is appropriate to locate sensors at highly connected places in the WDN with water flow reaching several parts of the network. This paper introduces a general method to support water utilities on the decision making process for an efficient water system monitoring. The proposal is based on graph spectral techniques that take advantage on spectrum properties of the adjacency matrix of the water distribution network graph. It is consequently created a novel tool-set of graph spectral techniques adapted to improve the water monitoring tasks and consequently simplify further sensor placement. This is approached with no need of hydraulic simulation, as data availability is often limited or not suitable to face anomaly events changing assets and distribution performance. A real water distribution network serving a town near to Naples is used to analyze the proposed graph spectral methodology. In order to test the proposed procedure, a comparison was made with a sensor layout obtained through a bi-objective optimization, through some performance indicators. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed spectral procedure.

scholarly journals Study of Physical Water Loss in Water Distribution Network using Step Test Method and Pressure Calibration

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-103
Author(s):  
Erizaldy Azwar ◽  
Diki Surya Irawan ◽  
Muhammad Naufal
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Monitoring Point ◽  
Pressure Calibration

Water distribution networks that are unoptimally operated can cause various problems so that water flows are not evenly distributed to consumers. One of the causes is the high water loss level due to leaks in the distribution pipeline system, as one of the water operators in Jakarta, Indonesia, PT. XYZ has tremendous efforts to improve the water supply system. One of them is to reduce physical water losses. The estimated percentage of physical water losses of water distribution networks in Green Garden District, West Jakarta, in April 2018 has amounted to 30%. It is still above the tolerance standard for the national water loss rate in Indonesia's Water Utilities, around 20%. It is necessary to reduce water loss to overcome this problem. After performing a step test program in the Green Garden District, it was found that there was a water loss of 84 lps in July 2018, which increased to 103.16 l/sin in May 2019 or showed an increase of 23%. Then, a pressure calibration was undertaken by placing six pressure monitoring points on the district in May 2019 using hydraulic simulation from WaterGEMS V.10. This calibration obtained the highest pressure Gap at pressure monitoring point #5 of 2.5 mH2O and the lowest pressure monitoring point #1 of 1.03 mH2O. Subsequently, leak detection measures were conducted to reduce physical water loss from January to May 2019,  PT. XYZ water distribution network uses two leak detection methods, visible and invisible leak detections, which had successfully reduced its net night flows (NNFs). The leak repairs obtained 77 leak points, which consisted of 32 visible leaks and 45 invisible leaks. Total estimated leakage flows of 5.33 lps were obtained from the decrease in the net night flow, which indicates a decrease in physical water loss by 16% from January to March 2019.

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