scholarly journals Effect of Seed Transfer on Selected Wood Quality Attributes of Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.)

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 985
Author(s):  
Cyriac S. Mvolo ◽  
Ahmed Koubaa ◽  
Jean Beaulieu ◽  
Alain Cloutier
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Surprising Result ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Provenance Test

So far, few studies have considered the impacts of seed sources transfer on jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) wood quality, although wood quality attributes (WQA) in general and the differences between juvenile and mature wood in particular will determine suitability of the produced wood for end-uses. The main objective of this study was to examine the possibility of selecting superior jack pine provenances based on selected WQA. Twenty-two provenances of jack pine were planted in 1964 in Petawawa Research Forest, ON, Canada, as part of a provenance test. The plantation location offers conditions close to optimum for jack pine growth. Transition ages at breast height, determined with tracheids length, were computed with a piecewise model. Measurements at age 42 from seed were subjected to analyses of variance. Radial variations from pith to bark, as well as trends with seed sources origin of the selected WQA were also considered. A ranking was made based on a selection index built with four WQA. The provenances matured between 8 and 14 years, corresponding to 17%–48% of juvenile wood proportion. Significant differences among provenances were observed for ring width, ring density, tracheid length, and diameter at breast height but not for tracheid diameter, tree height, transition age, and juvenile wood proportion. None of the provenances ranked the best with all the selected WQA, but it was possible to find provenances exhibiting both high growth rate and good wood quality. A surprising result of this study was that tracheid diameter initially enlarged for 8 years, before declining toward the bark. It is possible to select provenances for a higher growth rate and for good physical (i.e., related to wood density) and anatomical (i.e., related to tracheid dimensions) wood quality attributes.

scholarly journals A red pine provenance test in northwestern Ontario: 48-year results

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A Rahi ◽  
Colin Bowling ◽  
Dale Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Provenance Trial ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Provenance Test

Survival, total height and diameter at breast height (DBH) were measured in the fall of 2005 in a 48-year-old red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) provenance trial growing in northwestern Ontario. There was significant variation in both height and diameter among the 23 provenances. Generally, westerly provenances performed well while those from the Maritime Provinces exhibited relatively poor growth. Considering that the plantation is at the northern biological range of red pine, survival was high, averaging 96% after 48 years. Provenances with the best growth rates exceeded a volume of 420 m3 ha-1. Some provenances from Minnesota and Wisconsin as well as Fort Frances, Ontario exhibited superior growth and should be considered as seed sources for future planting programs in northwestern Ontario. Key words: red pine, provenance test, survival, diameter, height, volume, Northwestern Ontario

scholarly journals Effects of Lodgepole Pine Dwarf Mistletoe, Arceuthobium americanum, on Jack Pine, Pinus banksiana, Growth in Manitoba

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brock Epp ◽  
Jacques C. Tardif
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Arceuthobium Americanum ◽  
Pine Trees

The Lodgepole Pine Dwarf Mistletoe (Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm.) is an important pathogen of Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). Dwarf Mistletoe alters tree form, suppresses growth, and reduces volume and overall wood quality of its host. Stem analysis and a 3-parameter logistic regression model were used to compare the growth of heavily and lightly to non infected Jack Pine trees. At the time of sampling, no significant reduction in diameter at breast height and basal area were observed in heavily infected trees. However, a significant reduction in height and volume and an increase in taper were observed in heavily infected trees. Growth models predicted a 21.1% lower basal area, 23.4% lower height and 42.1% lower volume by age 60 for the high infection group.

Effects of Density Control and Fertilization on Log Wood Quality from a Douglas-fir Stand in Western Oregon, USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-201
Author(s):  
Rapeepan Kantavichai ◽  
Eric C Turnblom ◽  
Eini C Lowell
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Density Control ◽  
Heartwood Percentage

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effects of juvenile spacing (precommercial thinning), thinning, and fertilization on Douglas-fir butt log (first 4.9 m) and second log (4.9–10 m) quality attributes: juvenile wood percentage, heartwood percentage, rings per inch, specific gravity, and modulus of elasticity. A 41-year-old, 36.6 m site index Douglas-fir stand in western Oregon, USA was selected as the first stand to explore. Nine common silviculture pathway treatments of juvenile spacing, thinning, and fertilization were applied to independent 0.404-hectare plots. Ninety-nine trees were felled and disks cut at five heights along the stem. Wood properties were measured and calculated from the disks for log quality attributes. There was no effect of silvicultural treatments on log heartwood percentage, but significant effects on other log quality attributes were observed. Juvenile wood percentage and rings per inch declined with stand density control and fertilization treatment. Responses to thinning and fertilization in log specific gravity depend on juvenile spacing. Also, thinning and juvenile spacing were shown to have impacts on log modulus of elasticity.

Breast-height relative density and radial growth in mature jack pine (Pinusbanksiana) for 38 years after thinning

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2439-2447 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. James Barbour ◽  
David C.F. Fayle ◽  
Gilles Chauret ◽  
Jean Cook ◽  
Marianne B. Karsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Average Spacing ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Rotation Age

Sawlogs are in short supply in northern Ontario, and thinning has been suggested as one way to improve the situation. The only rotation-age jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) thinning trial in the region was examined to assess how commercial thinning influenced wood quality. This report covers an unreplicated trial of a 65-year chronology of pith to bark relative densities and growth rates based on X-ray densitometry of breast-height increment cores taken from trees on two thinned plots (average spacing 2.6 and 3.4 m) and an unthinned control (average spacing 1.7 m). The trees on the treatment plots responded to thinning by producing wood with significantly lower relative density than those on the control plot. This trend continued much longer than reported for other pines and could negatively affect pulp yield or mechanical properties of lumber. Enhanced earlywood growth caused a drop in the proportion of latewood that resulted in the decline in density. Thinning may have improved moisture availability during the early and middle season and encouraged earlywood growth. Density and growth rate differences became apparent soon after treatment. Early, rapid, and inexpensive estimates of the product potential of younger thinning trials are possible using the techniques demonstrated here.

scholarly journals Site Conditions for Jack Pine Seeding

1990 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 579-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Chrosciewicz
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Regeneration Potential ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Controlled Burning ◽  
Pine Regeneration

There is a strong relationship between jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) regeneration and the combined site and seedbed conditions at the time of seeding. Both unfavorable and favorable seedbed characteristics, as well as available seed sources, are reviewed by groups of sites, and then optional uses of major seedbed and seeding treatments are discussed in terms of practical considerations. Site groups with regeneration potential ranging from high to low are also indicated. Key words: Pinus banksiana, cutover areas, seedbeds, seed sources, mechanical scarification, controlled burning, seed-tree system, direct seeding, pine regeneration.

scholarly journals Growth of planted jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and natural regeneration ten years after pre- and post-harvest spraying and partial cutting in an Ontario boreal mixedwood forest

2015 ◽  
Vol 91 (01) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongzhou Man ◽  
G. Blake MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Broadleaf Species

The conventional plantation approach to regenerating jack pine (Pinus banksiana) after harvesting maximizes pine growth but may reduce wood quality. In this study we examined growth of planted jack pine and natural regeneration after herbicide spraying and partial cutting treatments on a boreal mixedwood site in northeastern Ontario. Treatments were pre-harvest aerial spray, post-harvest ground spray in strips (partial spray), partial cut, and post-harvest aerial broadcast spray; an untreated reference stand was used for comparison. Pre-harvest spray was as effective as partial cutting and post-harvest broadcast spray in suppressing trembling aspen regeneration and providing adequate light for survival and growth of planted jack pine. Ten years after planting, mortality and growth of pines in the pre-harvest treatment were comparable to those in the partial and broadcast spray treatments. Due to vigorous growth of broadleaf species [mostly red maple; (Acer rubrum)], and shade from the residual overstory, jack pine was smallest in the partial cut treatment; however, based on branch size, branch-free stem length and stem taper, wood quality was highest in this treatment. Considering factors important to forest managers such as growth and quality of planted jack pine, treatment costs, and proportion of the harvested blocks allocated to conifer production, the preferred treatment was pre-harvest spray.

HEART ROT OF JACK PINE IN ONTARIO: I. THE OCCURRENCE OF BASIDIOMYCETES AND MICROFUNGI IN DEFECTIVE AND NORMAL HEARTWOOD OF LIVING JACK PINE

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Basham
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Decayed Wood ◽  
Principal Type ◽  
Tree Growth Rate ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Stand Conditions

A survey was made of the fungi inhabiting the heartwood of living jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) in Ontario, particularly in stained and decayed wood. Two Basidiomycetes encountered frequently were Fomes pini (Fr.) Karst., associated with red stain and white pocket rot, and Peniophora pseudo-pini Weres. & Gibson, isolated almost exclusively from stained wood. F. pini was the only fungus consistently associated with white pocket rot, the principal type of heart rot in jack pine. The three most abundant microfungi, a member of the Coryne sarcoides complex, Tympanis hypopodia Nyl., and Retinocyclus abietis (Crouan) Groves & Wells, were encountered frequently in stained wood, but less frequently in decayed and normal wood.Many aspects of the occurrence of these five fungi in jack pine were investigated, including their distribution in the stems and branch stubs of individual trees and their association with normal, stained, and decayed wood therein; and the relation between their occurrence and tree growth rate, various heartwood properties, and different stand conditions. The apparent means by which the fungi enter jack pine, and the possible existence of a succession of fungi in the heartwood of living trees, are discussed.

scholarly journals Investigation of Douglas-fir provenance test in North-Western Bulgaria at the age of 24 years

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 288-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Petkova ◽  
M. Georgieva ◽  
M. Uzunov
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Provenance Test ◽  
North Western ◽  
Plot Design

A comparative analysis of growth rate and health condition of 54 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) provenances was conducted at the age of 24 years. The provenance test was established in 1990 with 3-year-old (3+0) seedlings planted in a 2 × 2 m plot design and two replications. The provenances which were studied originated from North America and were separated into coastal, continental and Western Cascade groups. In 2011 the growth rate was studied in terms of height, diameter at breast height and stem volume. The health condition was assessed by the evidence of symptoms and degree of defoliation caused by the fungi Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii (Rohde) Petrak and Rhabdocline pseudotsugae (Syd.). The provenances Newhalem, Darrington, Idanha and Bremerton were characterized by the most rapid growth, highest productivity and lower susceptibility to both fungal pathogens. These Douglas-fir provenances were recommended for future afforestation in Bulgaria. Ten continental provenances should be excluded from future afforestation because of their lowest growth rate and productivity and high susceptibility to P. gaeumannii and R. pseudotsugae.  

Germination, penetration, and infection by Arceuthobium americanum on Pinus banksiana

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1914-1930 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Brandt ◽  
Y Hiratsuka ◽  
D J Pluth
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Interannual Variation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Arceuthobium Americanum ◽  
Germination Timing ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
June July

Information on the establishment of Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm. on its host, jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), is required to improve knowledge of this critical development stage and improve pest management. Laboratory and field observations on four populations of A. americanum seeds from Alberta collected in 2000 and 2001 and histological observations on one population were used to determine the timing and histopathology of parasite establishment on jack pine. Seed germination remained near zero until 110 d after placing seeds in storage; germination peaked after 230 d in 2001 and between 230 and 320 d in 2002. Interannual variation in germination timing at study sites was high. Interannual variation in percentage of germination was low, as was variation in percentage of germination from different seed sources. Germinated seeds of each seed source were significantly larger (48%) than seeds that did not germinate. Penetration at the base of spur shoots began during June–August and usually continued until June–July of the next year. The odds of infection when the germinant survived until the second growing season were 26–55 times greater than the odds of infection when the germinant withered in the first growing season. Symptoms of infection usually occurred 13–15 months after germination and were consistent for all seed sources and sites.

Wachstum und Wertleistung der Douglasie in Abhängigkeit von der Standraumgestaltung

2012 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Klädtke ◽  
Ulrich Kohnle ◽  
Edgar Kublin ◽  
Andreas Ehring ◽  
Hans Pretzsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Quality ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Static Stability ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Monetary Analysis ◽  
Starting Conditions ◽  
Tree Number ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
Further Development

Growth and value production of Douglas-fir under varying stand densities The investigation is focused on the effects of initial tree number and thinning on growth and value performance of Douglas-fir stands. Data base is a coordinated Douglas-fir spacing experiment in South Germany, started 40 years ago and comprising variants of tree numbers with 500, 1,000, 2,000 and 4,000 Douglas-firs per hectare. The treatment was performed according to a standardized experiment program. The results show that at low initial tree numbers, the diameter on breast height (DBH) of (pre)dominant trees at the beginning of the observations (with 12 m top height) is bigger than at higher initial plant numbers. Accordingly, the quotient of height (H) to DBH (as an indicator for tree's static stability) is lower. The further development of DBH and H/DBH quotient is decisively determined by stand treatment, which superimposes the effect of the initial tree number. The total volume growth shows a clear differentiation, too, the variants with initially high tree numbers appearing on top. In the monetary analysis, this ranking is reversed: despite a supposed inferior wood quality, the variants with lower initial tree numbers clearly outperform the ones with higher numbers in terms of value. From these results, the following silvicultural recommendations for Douglas-fir can be derived: the initial tree numbers should be in the range from 1,000 to 2,000 plants per hectare. On technically not accessible sites, even lower tree numbers may come into question. The strong influence of stand treatment on DBH and H/DBH development highlights the problem of postponed thinnings, for this causes growth and stability losses even under favorable starting conditions in terms of competition.

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