scholarly journals Carbon and Nutrient Inputs by Litterfall in Evergreen and Deciduous Forests in Korea

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung Bae Park ◽  
Afroja Rahman ◽  
Si Ho Han ◽  
Woo Bin Youn ◽  
Hwa Ja Hyun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Nutrient Fluxes ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Temperate Deciduous Forest ◽  
Litterfall Production

Knowledge about carbon and nutrient fluxes by litterfall is important for understanding nutrient cycling in geologically unique ecosystems. However, the determination of forest litterfall production patterns is difficult due to many biophysical factors influencing the process. In this study, we (1) quantified the litterfall production and carbon and nutrient fluxes in warm-temperate evergreen forest stands in Jeju Gotjawal and (2) compared these values to those of a typical cool-temperate deciduous forest stand by forest types and climate differences. Litterfall from evergreen broadleaved forests at Cheongsu (CS) and Seonheul (SHb), a mixed forest at Seonheul (SHm) in Jeju Gotjawal, and a deciduous broadleaved forest at Chungnam National University Forest (CNU) was collected for a full two years using litter traps. Samples were sorted into leaves, twigs, barks, seeds, and unidentified materials, and then weighed and measured for C, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg fluxes by litterfall. Results showed that the mean annual litterfall (846.3 g m−2, average of CS, SHb, and SHm) at Jeju Gotjawal was similar to that of CNU (885.5 g m−2), but varied by site in Jeju Gotjawal: CS (933.1 g m−2) was significantly higher than the average of SHb and SHm (802.9 g m−2). Seasonal patterns of litterfall production differed by forest types; evergreen broadleaved forests showed a bimodal peak in fall and spring while deciduous broadleaved forests showed a unimodal peak in fall. Jeju Gotjawal had significantly higher total macronutrient concentrations and contents (except for K) than CNU and they also varied by site in Jeju Gotjawal: CS had higher N, P, Ca, and Mg contents than SHb and SHm. We conclude that litterfall production and nutrient fluxes differed by forest stand as influenced by forest types and climate. Further, our findings are important for understanding carbon and nutrient dynamics in the geologically unique ecosystem of Jeju Gotjawal and other areas with similar characteristics.

scholarly journals Diurnal Temperature Range Variability due to Land Cover and Airmass Types in the Southeast

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 879-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey N. Scheitlin ◽  
P. Grady Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Diurnal Temperature Range ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Diurnal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range

Abstract This study examines the relationship between diurnal temperature range (DTR) and land use/land cover (LULC) in a portion of the Southeast. Temperature data for all synoptically weak days within a 10-yr period are gathered from the National Climatic Data Center for 144 weather stations. Each station is classified as one of the following LULC types: urban, agriculture, evergreen forest, deciduous forest, or mixed forest. A three-way analysis of variance and paired-sample t tests are used to test for significant DTR differences due to LULC, month, and airmass type. The LULC types display two clear groups according to their DTR, with agricultural and urban areas consistently experiencing the smallest DTRs, and the forest types experiencing greater DTRs. The dry air masses seem to enhance the DTR differences between vegetated LULC types by emphasizing the differences in evapotranspiration. Meanwhile, the high moisture content of moist air masses prohibits extensive evapotranspirational cooling in the vegetated areas. This lessens the DTR differences between vegetated LULC types, while enhancing the differences between vegetated land and urban areas. All of the LULC types exhibit an annual bimodal DTR pattern with peaks in April and October. Since both vegetated and nonvegetated areas experience the bimodal pattern, this may conflict with previous research that names seasonal changes in evapotranspiration as the most probable cause for the annual trend. These findings suggest that airmass type has a larger and more consistent influence on the DTR of an area than LULC type and therefore may play a role in causing the bimodal DTR pattern, altering DTR with the seasonal distribution of airmass occurrence.

Biometric based estimates of net primary production (NPP) in a cool-temperate deciduous forest stand beneath a flux tower

2005 ◽  
Vol 134 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Ohtsuka ◽  
Tsuyoshi Akiyama ◽  
Yasushi Hashimoto ◽  
Motoko Inatomi ◽  
Toru Sakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Temperate Deciduous Forest ◽  
Flux Tower ◽  
Cool Temperate ◽  
Temperate Deciduous

scholarly journals Using low density LiDAR data to map Mediterranean forest characteristics by means of an area-based approach and height threshold analysis

2016 ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Guerra-Hernández ◽  
M. Tomé ◽  
E. González-Ferreiro
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Mediterranean Forest ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Airborne Lidar Data

<p>This study reports progress in forest inventory methods involving the use of low density airborne LiDAR data and an area-based approach (ABA). It also emphasizes the usefulness of the Spanish countrywide LiDAR dataset for mapping forest stand attributes in Mediterranean stone pine forest characterized by complex orography. Lowdensity airborne LiDAR data (0.5 first returns m<sup><span lang="EN-US">–2</span></sup>) was used to develop individual regression models for a set of forest stand variables in different types of forest. LiDAR data is now freely available for most of the Spanish territory and is provided by the Spanish National Aerial Photography Program (Plan Nacional de Ortofotografía Aérea, PNOA). The influence of height thresholds (MHT: Minimun Height Threshold and BHT: Break Height Threshold) used in extracting LiDAR metrics was also investigated. The best regression models explained 61-85%, 67-98% and 74-98% of the variability in ground-truth stand height, basal area and volume, respectively. The magnitude of error for predicting structural vegetation parameters was higher in closed deciduous and mixed forest than in the more homogeneous coniferous stands. Analysis of height thresholds (HT) revealed that these parameters were not particularly important for estimating several forest attributes in the coniferous forest; nevertheless, substantial differences in volume modelling were observed when the height thresholds (MHT and BHT) were increased in complex structural vegetation (mixed and deciduous forest). A metric-by-metric analysis revealed that there were significant differences in most of the explanatory variables computed from different height thresholds (HBT and MHT).The best models were applied to the reference stands to yield spatially explicit predictions about the forest resources. Reliable mapping of biometric variables was implemented to facilitate effective and sustainable management strategies and practices in Mediterranean Forest ecosystems.</p>

scholarly journals Fungal Interactions Matter: Tricholoma matsutake Domination Affect Fungal Diversity and Function in Temperate Deciduous Forest Soils

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1051
Author(s):  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Heng Gui ◽  
Shujiao Yang ◽  
Xuefei Yang ◽  
Lingling Shi
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Tricholoma Matsutake ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Temperate Deciduous Forest ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi

Tricholoma matsutake forms a symbiotic association with coniferous trees, developing mycelial aggregations, called ‘shiro’, which are characterized by distinct chemical and physical properties from nearby forest bulk soil. The fungal diversity living in shiro soil play key roles in nutrient cycles for this economically important mushroom, but have not been profiled across large spatial and environmental gradients. Samples of shiro and non-shiro (nearby bulk soil) were taken from five field sites where sporocarps naturally formed. Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) and Illumina MiSeq sequencing were combined to identify fungal biomass and community structure. Matsutake dominated in the shiro, which had a significantly reduced saprotrophic fungi biomass compared to non-shiro soil. Fungal diversity was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of T. matsutake in the shiro soil. The fungal community in the shiro was characterized by similar fungal species composition in most samples regardless of forest types. Matsutake coexisted with a specific fungal community due to competition or nutrient interactions. Oidiodendron was positively correlated with the abundance of T. matsutake, commonly cohabitant in the shiro. In contrast, Helotiales and Mortierella were negatively correlated with T. matsutake, both of which commonly inhabit the non-shiro soil but do not occur in shiro soils. We conclude that T. matsutake generate a dominance effect to shape the fungal community and diversity in shiro soil across distinctive forest types.

scholarly journals Vegetation structure and ecological characteristics of forest of North Andaman Islands (India)

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Prasad ◽  
A. Sringeswara ◽  
C. Reddy ◽  
P. Kumari ◽  
R. Varalakshmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Andaman Islands ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Ecological Characteristics ◽  
Girth Class

Vegetation structure and ecological characteristics of forest of North Andaman Islands (India)In this study, 3-ha research plots were established, one each in evergreen, semi-evergreen, and moist deciduous forests of North Andaman Islands. These 3 vegetation types were selected to study the structural aspects of plant diversity in forest communities. Our results showed high species richness and basal area in evergreen forest, high diversity in semi-evergreen forest, and high tree density (trees ha-1) in moist deciduous forest. At family level, the Anacardiaceae and Sterculiaceae dominated all the forest types, and were distributed throughout the North Andaman Islands. In the 3 forest communities, most species exhibited clumped spatial distribution, while random distribution ranked second. Tree girth class distribution revealed a decreasing number of trees with increasing girth class, indicating natural regeneration of these forest types. The species-area curve clearly reached a plateau at 3-ha area in respect of species number, supporting the adequacy of the large plot size selected in the present investigation. The study recorded a total of 136 tree species in the 3 forest communities and was higher than in many other tropical forest sites. The vegetation analysis of 3-ha plot in 3 different forest types substantially contributed data on North Andaman site potentiality, with reference to its species richness and diversity.

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