scholarly journals Diversity of Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Communities in Four Types of Stands in Pinus massoniana Plantation in the West of China

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Xiangjun Li ◽  
Wensi Kang ◽  
Size Liu ◽  
Haifeng Yin ◽  
Qian Lyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Cunninghamia Lanceolata ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Mixture Ratio ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Ecm Fungi

Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi can form symbioses with plant roots, which play an important role in regulating the rhizosphere microenvironment. As a broad-spectrum ECM tree species, Pinus massoniana forms symbiotic relationship called mycorrhiza with various ECM fungal species. In this study, four types of forests were selected from a 38-year-old Pinus plantation in eastern Sichuan, namely, pure P. massoniana forest (MC), P. massoniana mixed with Cunninghamia lanceolata forest (MS), P. massoniana–Cryptomeria fortunei forest (ML), and P. massoniana–broadleaved forest (MK), the species mixture ratio of all forests was 1:1. The ITS2 segment of ECM root tip sequenced by high-throughput sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. (1) The ECM fungi of these four P. massoniana forests showed similar dominant genera but different relative abundances in community structure during the three seasons. (2) The alpha diversity index of ECM fungi was significantly influenced by season and forest type. (3) Soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), C/N ratio, and total phosphorus (TP) influenced the ECM fungal community structure in different seasons. In summary, there were significant differences in ECM fungal communities among different forest types and different seasons; the colonization rate of ECM fungal in P. massoniana–Cunninghamia lanceolata was the highest, so we infer that Cunninghamia lanceolata is the most suitable tree species for mixed with P. massoniana in three mixture forests.

scholarly journals The Effects of Suillus Luteus Inoculation on Rhizospheric Fungal Community Diversity and Structure of Pinus Massoniana in Mining Area

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiyi Yu ◽  
Chen Ning ◽  
Jingzhen Chen ◽  
Fan Zhu ◽  
Airong Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Suillus Luteus ◽  
Ecm Fungi

Abstract BackgroundAs important decomposers and plant symbionts, soil fungal communities play a major role in remediating heavy metal polluted soils. However, diversity and structure of fungal communities generally remain unclear in mining area. This study aimed to assess the rhizospheric fungal community composition of masson’s pine (Pinus massoniana) in lead-zinc mining area of Suxian district, Hunan Province, China. The experiment was treated as three ways: masson’s pine inoculated with or without Suillus luteus and bulk soil without plant as control. ResultsThe results showed that the inoculation of ectomycorrhizal fungi could enlarge the plants’ capability to absorb heavy metals and secrete soil enzymes. The richness and diversity of fungi in rhizospheric soil were significantly higher than bulk soil (p＜0.05), but no obvious difference between rhizospheric soils inoculated with and without ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi while the community structure was changed. The rhizospheric fungi belong to 6 phylum, 25 classes, 65 orders, 115 families and 150 genera and the dominant phyla were Chytridiomycota (50.49%), Ascomycota (38.54%), and Basidiomycota (9.02%). By using LEfSe and heatmap, the relative abundance of Suillus, Paraglomus, Agaricus, and Tulasnella were the highest with ECM fungi inoculation. Redundant analysis (RDA) showed that the community structure significantly changed with ECM fungi inoculation, which was significantly related to soil water content, carbon nitrogen ratio, bulk density, available potassium, and soil enzymes. ConclusionsAll together, the inoculation with ECM fungi may change the inhabit environment of microorganisms and the dominant fungi in soil, which provided a screening of keystone species in the heavy metal-contaminated mining area.

scholarly journals Uncovering fungal community composition in natural habitat of Ophiocordyceps sinensis using high-throughput sequencing and culture-dependent approaches

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanbo Zhang ◽  
Chao-Hui Ren ◽  
Yan-Li Wang ◽  
Qi-Qi Wang ◽  
Yun-Sheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Ophiocordyceps Sinensis ◽  
Culturable Fungi ◽  
Culture Dependent

Abstract Background The fungal communities inhabiting natural Ophiocordyceps sinensis play critical ecological roles in alpine meadow ecosystem, contribute to infect host insect, influence the occurrence of O. sinensis, and are repertoire of potential novel metabolites discovery. However, a comprehensive understanding of fungal communities of O. sinensis remain elusive. Therefore, the present study aimed to unravel fungal communities of natural O. sinensis using combination of high-throughput sequencing and culture-dependent approach. Results A total of 280,519 high-quality sequences, belonging to 5 fungal phyla, 15 classes, 41 orders, 79 families, 112 genera, and 352 putative operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from natural O. sinensis using high-throughput sequencing. Among of which, 43 genera were identified in external mycelial cortices (EMC), Ophiocordyceps, Sebacinia, Archaeorhizomyces were predominant genera with the abundance of 95.86%, 1.14%, 0.85%, respectively. Total 66 genera were identified from soil microhabitat, Inocybe, Archaeorhizomyces, Unclassified Thelephoraceae, Tomentella, Thelephora, Sebacina, Unclassified Ascomycota, Unclassified Fungi were predominant genera with an average abundance of 53.32%, 8.69%, 8.12%, 8.12%, 7.21%, 4.6%, 3.08% and 3.05%, respectively. The fungal communities in external mycelial cortices (EMC) were significantly distinct from the soil microhabitat (Soil). Meanwhile, seven culture media that benefit for the growth of O. sinensis were used to isolate culturable fungi at 16 °C, resulted in 77 fungal strains isolated for rDNA ITS sequence analysis, belonging to 33 genera, including Ophiocordyceps, Trichoderma, Cytospora, Truncatella, Dactylonectria, Isaria, Cephalosporium, Fusarium, Cosmospora, Paecilomyces, etc.. Among all culturable fungi, Mortierella and Trichoderma were predominant genera of total isolates. Conclusions The significantly distinction and overlap in fungal community structure between two approaches highlight that integration of approaches would generate more information than either of them. Our finding is the first investigation of fungal community structure of natural O. sinensis by two approachs, provide new insight into O. sinensis associated fungi, and support that microbiota of O. sinensis is an untapped source for novel bioactive metabolites discovery.

scholarly journals Dominant Tree Species and Soil Type Affect the Fungal Community Structure in a Boreal Peatland Forest

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 2632-2643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Sun ◽  
Eeva Terhonen ◽  
Andriy Kovalchuk ◽  
Hanna Tuovila ◽  
Hongxin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Boreal Peatlands

ABSTRACTBoreal peatlands play a crucial role in global carbon cycling, acting as an important carbon reservoir. However, little information is available on how peatland microbial communities are influenced by natural variability or human-induced disturbances. In this study, we have investigated the fungal diversity and community structure of both the organic soil layer and buried wood in boreal forest soils using high-throughput sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. We have also compared the fungal communities during the primary colonization of wood with those of the surrounding soils. A permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) confirmed that the community composition significantly differed between soil types (P< 0.001) and tree species (P< 0.001). The distance-based linear models analysis showed that environmental variables were significantly correlated with community structure (P< 0.04). The availability of soil nutrients (Ca [P= 0.002], Fe [P= 0.003], and P [P= 0.003]) within the site was an important factor in the fungal community composition. The species richness in wood was significantly lower than in the corresponding soil (P< 0.004). The results of the molecular identification were supplemented by fruiting body surveys. Seven of the genera ofAgaricomycotinaidentified in our surveys were among the top 20 genera observed in pyrosequencing data. Our study is the first, to our knowledge, fungal high-throughput next-generation sequencing study performed on peatlands; it further provides a baseline for the investigation of the dynamics of the fungal community in the boreal peatlands.

scholarly journals Soil fungal communities of ectomycorrhizal dominated woodlands across West Africa

MycoKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 45-68
Author(s):  
Peter Meidl ◽  
Brendan Furneaux ◽  
Kassim I. Tchan ◽  
Kerri Kluting ◽  
Martin Ryberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Its Region ◽  
West African ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Gallery Forests ◽  
Host Tree Species ◽  
Ecm Fungi

Forests and woodlands in the West African Guineo-Sudanian transition zone contain many tree species that form symbiotic interactions with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. These fungi facilitate plant growth by increasing nutrient and water uptake and include many fruiting body-forming fungi, including some edible mushrooms. Despite their importance for ecosystem functioning and anthropogenic use, diversity and distribution of ECM fungi is severely under-documented in West Africa. We conducted a broad regional sampling across five West African countries using soil eDNA to characterize the ECM as well as the total soil fungal community in gallery forests and savanna woodlands dominated by ECM host tree species. We subsequently sequenced the entire ITS region and much of the LSU region to infer a phylogeny for all detected soil fungal species. Utilizing a long read sequencing approach allows for higher taxonomic resolution by using the full ITS region, while the highly conserved LSU gene allows for a more accurate higher-level assignment of species hypotheses, including species without ITS-based taxonomy assignments. We detect no overall difference in species richness between gallery forests and woodlands. However, additional gallery forest plots and more samples per plot would have been needed to firmly conclude this pattern. Based on both abundance and richness, species from the families Russulaceae and Inocybaceae dominate the ECM fungal soil communities across both vegetation types. The community structure of both total soil fungi and ECM fungi was significantly influenced by vegetation types and showed strong correlation within plots. However, we found no significant difference in fungal community structure between samples collected adjacent to different host tree species within each plot. We conclude that within plots, the fungal community is structured more by the overall ECM host plant community than by the species of the individual host tree that each sample was collected from.

scholarly journals Uncovering fungal community composition in natural habitat of Ophiocordyceps sinensis using high-throughput sequencing and culture-dependent approaches

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanbo Zhang ◽  
Chao-Hui Ren ◽  
Yan-Li Wang ◽  
Qi-Qi Wang ◽  
Yun-Sheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Ophiocordyceps Sinensis ◽  
Culturable Fungi ◽  
Culture Dependent

Abstract Background: The fungal communities inhabiting natural Ophiocordyceps sinensis play critical ecological roles in alpine meadow ecosystem, contribute to infect host insect, influence the occurrence of O. sinensis, and are repertoire of potential novel metabolites discovery. However, a comprehensive understanding of fungal communities of O. sinensis remain elusive. Therefore, the present study aimed to unravel fungal communities of natural O. sinensis using combination of high-throughput sequencing and culture-dependent approaches. Results: A total of 280,519 high-quality sequences, belonging to 5 fungal phyla, 15 classes, 41 orders, 79 families, 112 genera, and 352 putative operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from natural O. sinensis using high-throughput sequencing. Among of which, 43 genera were identified in external mycelial cortices, Ophiocordyceps, Sebacinia, Archaeorhizomyces were predominant genera with the abundance of 95.86%, 1.14%, 0.85%, respectively. A total of 66 genera were identified from soil microhabitat, Inocybe, Archaeorhizomyces, unclassified Thelephoraceae, Tomentella, Thelephora, Sebacina, unclassified Ascomycota, unclassified Fungi were predominant genera with an average abundance of 53.32%, 8.69%, 8.12%, 8.12%, 7.21%, 4.6%, 3.08% and 3.05%, respectively. The fungal communities in external mycelial cortices were significantly distinct from the soil microhabitat. Meanwhile, seven types of culture media were used to isolate culturable fungi at 16°C, resulted in 77 fungal strains isolated by rDNA ITS sequence analysis, belonging to 33 genera, including Ophiocordyceps, Trichoderma, Cytospora, Truncatella, Dactylonectria, Isaria, Cephalosporium, Fusarium, Cosmospora and Paecilomyces, etc.. Among all culturable fungi, Mortierella and Trichoderma were predominant genera. Conclusions: The significantly differences and overlap in fungal community structure between two approaches highlight that the integration of high-throughput sequencing and culture-dependent approaches would generate more information. Our result reveal a comprehensive understanding of fungal community structure of natural O. sinensis, provide new insight into O. sinensis associated fungi, and support that microbiota of natural O. sinensis is an untapped source for novel bioactive metabolites discovery.

scholarly journals Uncovering fungal community composition in natural habitat of Ophiocordyceps sinensis using high-throughput sequencing and culture-dependent approaches

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanbo Zhang ◽  
Chao-Hui Ren ◽  
Yan-Li Wang ◽  
Qi-Qi Wang ◽  
Yun-Sheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Ophiocordyceps Sinensis ◽  
Culturable Fungi ◽  
Culture Dependent

Abstract Background: The fungal communities inhabiting natural Ophiocordyceps sinensis play critical ecological roles in alpine meadow ecosystem, contribute to infect host insect, influence the occurrence of O. sinensis, and are repertoire of potential novel metabolites discovery. However, a comprehensive understanding of fungal communities of O. sinensis remain elusive. Therefore, the present study aimed to unravel fungal communities of natural O. sinensis using combination of high-throughput sequencing and culture-dependent approaches. Results: A total of 280,519 high-quality sequences, belonging to 5 fungal phyla, 15 classes, 41 orders, 79 families, 112 genera, and 352 putative operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from natural O. sinensis using high-throughput sequencing. Among of which, 43 genera were identified in external mycelial cortices (EMC), Ophiocordyceps, Sebacinia, Archaeorhizomyces were predominant genera with the abundance of 95.86%, 1.14%, 0.85%, respectively. A total of 66 genera were identified from soil microhabitat (Soil), Inocybe, Archaeorhizomyces, unclassified Thelephoraceae, Tomentella, Thelephora, Sebacina, unclassified Ascomycota, unclassified Fungi were predominant genera with an average abundance of 53.32%, 8.69%, 8.12%, 8.12%, 7.21%, 4.6%, 3.08% and 3.05%, respectively. The fungal communities in external mycelial cortices were significantly distinct from the soil microhabitat. Meanwhile, seven types of culture media were used to isolate culturable fungi at 16°C, resulted in 77 fungal strains isolated by rDNA ITS sequence analysis, belonging to 33 genera, including Ophiocordyceps, Trichoderma, Cytospora, Truncatella, Dactylonectria, Isaria, Cephalosporium, Fusarium, Cosmospora and Paecilomyces, etc.. Among all culturable fungi, Mortierella and Trichoderma were predominant genera. Conclusions: The significantly differences and overlap in fungal community structure between two approaches highlight that the integration of high-throughput sequencing and culture-dependent approaches would generate more information. Our result reveal a comprehensive understanding of fungal community structure of natural O. sinensis, provide new insight into O. sinensis associated fungi, and support that microbiota of natural O. sinensis is an untapped source for novel bioactive metabolites discovery.

scholarly journals Response of soil fungal communities to continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengnan Wang ◽  
Jiangke Cheng ◽  
Tong Li ◽  
Yuncheng Liao
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Fungal Abundance

AbstractFungal communities are considered to be critically important for crop health and soil fertility. However, our knowledge of the response of fungal community structure to the continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco is limited, and the interaction of soil fungal communities under different cropping systems remains unclear. In this study, we comparatively investigated the fungal abundance, diversity, and community composition in the soils in which continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco for 3 years (3ys), 5 years (5ys), and cropping for 1 year (CK) using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and high-throughput sequencing technology. The results revealed that continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco changed the abundance of soil fungi, and caused a significant variation in fungal diversity. In particular, continuous cropping increased the relative abundance of Mortierellales, which can dissolve mineral phosphorus in soil. Unfortunately, continuous cropping also increased the risk of potential pathogens. Moreover, long-term continuous cropping had more complex and stabilize network. This study also indicated that available potassium and available phosphorous were the primary soil factors shifting the fungal community structure. These results suggested that several soil variables may affect fungal community structure. The continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco significantly increased the abundance and diversity of soil fungal communities.

Plant traits and taxonomy drive host associations in tropical phyllosphere fungal communities

Botany ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W. Kembel ◽  
Rebecca C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Individual Tree

The aerial surface of plants, known as the phyllosphere, represents a widespread and diverse habitat for microbes, but the fungal communities colonizing the surface of leaves are not well characterized, and how these communities are assembled on hosts is unknown. We used high-throughput sequencing of fungal communities on the leaves of 51 tree species in a lowland tropical rainforest in Panama to examine the influence of host plant taxonomy and traits on the fungi colonizing the phyllosphere. Fungal communities on leaves were dominated by the phyla Ascomycota (79% of all sequences), Basidiomycota (11%), and Chytridiomycota (5%). Host plant taxonomic identity explained more than half of the variation in fungal community composition across trees, and numerous host functional traits related to leaf morphology, leaf chemistry, and plant growth and mortality were significantly associated with fungal community structure. Differences in fungal biodiversity among hosts suggest that individual tree species support unique fungal communities and that diverse tropical forests also support a large number of fungal species. Similarities between phyllosphere and decomposer communities suggest that fungi inhabiting living leaves may have significant roles in ecosystem functioning in tropical forests.

scholarly journals Host Phylogenetic Relatedness and Soil Nutrients Shape Ectomycorrhizal Community Composition in Native and Exotic Pine Plantations

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Ning ◽  
Gregory Mueller ◽  
Louise Egerton-Warburton ◽  
Wenhua Xiang ◽  
Wende Yan
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Ecm Fungi

Exotic non-native Pinus species have been widely planted or become naturalized in many parts of the world. Pines rely on ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi mutualisms to overcome barriers to establishment, yet the degree to which host specificity and edaphic preferences influence ECM community composition remains poorly understood. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing coupled with soil analyses to investigate the effect of host plant identity, spatial distance and edaphic factors on ECM community composition in young (30-year-old) native (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) and exotic (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) pine plantations in China. The ECM fungal communities comprised 43 species with the majority belonging to the Thelephoraceae and Russulaceae. Most species were found associated with both host trees while certain native ECM taxa (Suillus) showed host specificity to the native P. massoniana. ECM fungi that are known to occur exclusively with Pinus (e.g., Rhizopogon) were uncommon. We found no significant effect of host identity on ECM communities, i.e., phylogenetically related pines shared similar ECM fungal communities. Instead, ECM fungal community composition was strongly influenced by site-specific abiotic factors and dispersal. These findings reinforce the idea that taxonomic relatedness might be a factor promoting ECM colonization in exotic pines but that shifts in ECM communities may also be context-dependent.

scholarly journals Host tree organ is the primary driver of endophytic fungal community structure in a hemiboreal forest

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kati Küngas ◽  
Mohammad Bahram ◽  
Kadri Põldmaa
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Dispersal Limitation ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Primary Driver ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Individual Trees

ABSTRACT Despite numerous studies on plant endophytes, little is known about fungal communities associated with different aboveground tissues of living trees. We used high-throughput sequencing to compare the diversity and community structure of fungi inhabiting leaves, branches and trunks of Alnus incana and Corylus avellana growing at three hemiboreal forest sites. Our analysis revealed that tree organs are the main determinants of the structure of fungal communities, whereas the effects of host species and locality remained secondary and negligible, respectively. The structure of fungal communities in trunks was the most distinct compared to that in leaves and branches. The foliar fungal communities were more similar within than between individual trees, implying that certain fungi may grow through parts of the tree crown. The weak effect of locality compared to host organs and species identity suggests that the structural variation of fungal communities in the aboveground parts of trees depends mainly on deterministic factors rather than dispersal limitation.

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