scholarly journals Filamentous Fungi and Yeasts Associated with Mites Phoretic on Ips typographus in Eastern Finland

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 743
Author(s):  
Riikka Linnakoski ◽  
Ilmeini Lasarov ◽  
Pyry Veteli ◽  
Olli-Pekka Tikkanen ◽  
Heli Viiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Fungal Associates

The European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) has become a major forest pest in Finland in recent years. The beetle is a well-known vector of mainly ophiostomatoid fungi causing blue-stain of timber and pathogens that have the ability to amplify the insect damage. It also vectors other associated organisms, such as phoretic mites. The ecology of these mites remains poorly understood, including their associations with fungi. In this study, we considered filamentous fungi and yeasts associated with mites phoretic on I. typographus. Fungal identifications were based on DNA sequences and phylogenetic analyses of the ITS and/or partial β-tubulin gene regions. Fifteen fungal species were detected, including eight yeasts and seven filamentous fungi. Eleven percent of the beetles carried mites and of these 74% carried at least one fungal species. An average of two fungal species were carried per mite. The most commonly found filamentous fungi were Grosmannia penicillata (25%), Ophiostoma bicolor (19%), O. ainoae (12%) and O. brunneolum (12%). Of the yeast species, the most commonly found was Wickerhamomyces bisporus (47%). This study is the first to report yeasts associated with I. typographus and its phoretic mites in Finland. Majority of the filamentous fungal species found are those previously reported in association with I. typographus. The results also confirmed that many of the fungal species commonly found on I. typographus are also associated with its phoretic mites. However, the nature of the symbiosis between the mites, beetles and fungal associates remains to be understood.

Diversity of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) colonizing branches of Norway spruce (Picea abies) in southern Poland

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Jankowiak ◽  
Magdalena Kacprzyk ◽  
Marta Młynarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
Fungal Associates ◽  
Ceratocystis Polonica ◽  
Fungal Associate

AbstractBark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) infesting Norway spruce trees are known to be associated with fungi, especially species of Ophiostoma sensu lato and Ceratocystis. However, very little is known about these fungi in Poland. In this study, we examined the ophiostomatoid species associated with seven species of bark beetles developing in Norway spruce (Picea abies). Fungi were isolated from the beetles and their galleries at ten sites in southern Poland. We identified a total of 2,769 fungal isolates that belong to 19 ophiostomatoid species. These 19 species included a total of 16 associations between fungi and bark beetles that had not been previously recorded. The isolated fungal species were similar to those previously reported. The species spectrum and relative abundance of fungal associates were similar in seven bark beetle species, despite some differences between species. Except for Pityophthorus pityographus, all bark beetles species were frequently associated with ophiostomatoid fungi. The most commonly encountered fungal associates of bark beetles were the following: Ophiostoma ainoae, O. bicolor, O. piceae sensu lato and Grosmannia piceiperda. The results support the hypothesis that pathogenic ophiostomatoid fungi are important for aggressive bark beetles to kill trees. The most virulent fungal associate of bark beetles, Ceratocystis polonica was most commonly associated with Ips typographus. The most frequent ophiostomatoid species isolated from the beetles and galleries of P. pityographus were O. ainoae and Graphium fimbriisporum.

scholarly journals Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus, including 11 new species from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Chang ◽  
T.A. Duong ◽  
S.J. Taerum ◽  
M.J. Wingfield ◽  
X. Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Invasion History ◽  
Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽  
Population Structures ◽  
Fungal Assemblages ◽  
China And Japan

Ips typographus (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) is a spruce-infesting bark beetle that occurs throughout Europe and Asia. The beetle can cause considerable damage, especially when colonized trees are stressed and beetle populations increase. Although some studies have shown that populations of I. typographus in Europe, China and Japan are genetically distinct, these populations are biologically similar, including a strong association with ophiostomatoid fungi. To date, only two Leptographium spp. have been reported from the beetle in China, while 40 species have been reported from Europe and 13 from Japan. The aims of this study were to identify the ophiostomatoid fungal associates of I. typographus in north-eastern China, and to determine whether the fungal assemblages reflect the different geographical populations of the beetle. Field surveys in Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces yielded a total of 1046 fungal isolates from 145 beetles and 178 galleries. Isolates were grouped based on morphology and representatives of each group were identified using DNA sequences of the ribosomal LSU, ITS, β-tubulin, calmodulin and elongation factor 1-α gene regions. A total of 23 species of ophiostomatoid fungi were identified, including 12 previously described species and 11 novel species, all of which are described here. The dominant species were Ophiostoma bicolor, Leptographium taigense and Grosmannia piceiperda D, representing 40.5 %, 27.8 % and 17.8 % of the isolates, respectively. Comparisons of species from China, Europe and Japan are complicated by the fact that some of the European and all the Japanese species were identified based only on morphology. However, assuming that those identifications are correct, five species were shared between Europe, Japan and China, two species were shared between China and Japan, five between Europe and China, and two between Europe and Japan. Consequently, Ips typographus populations in these different geographic areas have different fungal assemblages, suggesting that the majority of these beetle-associations are promiscuous. The results also suggested that the symbionts of the bark beetle do not reflect the population structures of the beetle. The use of fungal symbiont assemblages to infer population structures and invasion history of its vectors should thus be interpreted with circumspection.

A PCR-based method to detect species of Gondwanamyces and Ophiostoma on surfaces of insects colonizing Protea flowers

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 989-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois Roets ◽  
Michael J. Wingfield ◽  
Léanne L. Dreyer ◽  
Pedro W. Crous ◽  
Dirk U. Bellstedt
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽  
Universal Primer ◽  
African Species ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
28S Ribosomal Dna

Flower heads of economically important members of the genus Protea L. mature into conspicuous, often long-lived infructescences, which in South Africa are commonly colonized by species of the ophiostomatoid fungi Gondwanamyces G.J. Marais & M.J. Wingfield and Ophiostoma Syd. & P. Syd. It is suspected that these fungi are transported between infructescences by insects. To develop techniques that would enable detection of ophiostomatoid fungi on insects, primers GPR1 and OSP1 were designed based on unique 28S ribosomal DNA sequences of Gondwanamyces and Ophiostoma from Protea. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction of these primers, combined with universal primer LR6, yielded fragment lengths of 885 and 637 bp. Positive amplification was achieved from as little as 30 and 45 pg of fungal genomic DNA for Gondwanamyces and Ophiostoma, respectively, and fragments of identical lengths were amplified from insects artificially inoculated with these fungi. No other tested fungal species showed amplification with GPR1 or OSP1 and LR6. Using these primers two insect species ( Genuchus hottentottus Fabricius and Oxycarenus maculates Stal.) collected from Protea repens L. infructescences were confirmed as carriers of Gondwanamyces proteae (M.J. Wingfield et al.) G.J. Marais & M.J. Wingfield and Ophiostoma splendens G.J. Marais & M.J. Wingfield, respectively. The method developed in this study represents a rapid detection system that can be used to understand the relationship between insects and ophiostomatoid fungi found associated with flowers of South African species of Protea .

scholarly journals Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with Ips typographus (L.) on Picea abies [(L.) H. Karst.] and Pinus sylvestris L. in north-eastern Poland

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Jankowiak ◽  
Jacek Hilszczański
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽  
Spruce Bark Beetle ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
North Eastern

This study dealt with the species distribution and frequency of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with the bark beetle Ips typographus on Norway spruce and Scots pine in north-eastern Poland. At all locations high spruce bark beetle damage has occurred in 2002-2003. Fungi were isolated from beetles and from brood systems of trees infested by the spruce bark beetle. The ophiostomatoid fungi were represented by 13 species. A similar spectrum of ophiostomatoid fungi as that recorded from <em>Picea abies</em> was associated with <em>I. typographus</em> on <em>Pinus sylvestris</em> trees. The most frequent ophiostomatoid species isolated from beetles, phloem and sapwood of Norway spruce were <em>O. bicolor</em> and <em>O. penicillatum</em>. The frequency of occurrence of ophiostomatoid fungi varied significantly among the examined locations. <em>O. bicolor</em> was the most frequently found species on Scots pine infested by <em>I. typographus</em>. The potential role of ophiostomatoid fungi in the epidemiology of <em>I. typographus</em> is discussed. Additionally, we also recorded how the ophiostomatoid fungi associated with spruce bark beetle could grow into phloem and sapwood of <em>Pinus sylvestris</em> trees.

scholarly journals Differential patterns of ophiostomatoid fungal communities associated with three sympatric Tomicus species infesting pines in south-western China, with a description of four new species

MycoKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 93-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang HuiMin ◽  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Fu Liu ◽  
Cheng Xu Wu ◽  
Su Fang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Western China ◽  
Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽  
Additional Species

Bark beetles and their associated fungi, which cause forest decline and sometimes high mortality in large areas around the world, are of increasing concern in terms of forest health. ThreeTomicusspp. (T.brevipilosus,T.minorandT.yunnanensis) infect branches and trunks ofPinusyunnanensisandP.kesiyain Yunnan Province, in south-western China.Tomicusspp. are well known as vectors of ophiostomatoid fungi and their co-occurrence could result in serious ecological and economic impact on local forest ecosystems. Nonetheless, knowledge about their diversity, ecology, including pathogenicity and potential economic importance is still quite rudimentary. Therefore, an extensive survey of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with theseTomicusspecies infestingP.yunnanensisandP.kesiyawas carried out in Yunnan. Seven hundred and seventy-two strains of ophiostomatoid fungi were isolated from the adult beetles and their galleries. The strains were identified based on comparisons of multiple DNA sequences, including the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU) region, the internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2, together with the intervening 5.8S gene (ITS) and the partial genes of β-tubulin (TUB2), elongation factor 1α (TEF1-α) and calmodulin (CAL). Phylogenetic analyses were performed using maximum parsimony (MP) as well as maximum likelihood (ML). Combinations of culture features, morphological characters and temperature-dependent growth rates were also employed for species identification. Eleven species belonging to five genera were identified. These included six known species,Esteyavermicola,Leptographiumyunnanense,Ophiostomabrevipilosi,O.canum,O.minusandO.tingensand four novel taxa, described asGraphilbumanningense,O.aggregatum,SporothrixpseudoabietinaandS.macroconidia. A residual strain was left unidentified asOphiostomasp. 1. The overall ophiostomatoid community was by far dominated by three species, representing 87.3% of the total isolates; in decreasing order, these wereO.canum,O.brevipilosiandO.minus. Furthermore, the ophiostomatoid community of each beetle, although harbouring a diversity of ophiostomatoid species, was differentially dominated by a single fungal species;Ophiostomacanumwas preferentially associated with and dominated the ophiostomatoid community ofT.minor, whereasO.brevipilosiandO.minuswere exclusively associated with and dominated the ophiostomatoid communities ofT.brevipilosusandT.yunnanensis, respectively. Eight additional species, representing the remaining 12.7% of the total isolates, were marginal or sporadic. These results suggested that sympatricTomicuspopulations are dominated by distinct species showing some level of specificity or even exclusivity.

scholarly journals Morphological and Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal a New Species of Ceratocystiopsis (Ophiostomataceae, Ophiostomatales) Associated with Ips subelongatus in Inner Mongolia (China) with Weak Host Pathogenicity

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1795
Author(s):  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Ya Liu ◽  
Caixia Liu ◽  
Zhenyu Liu ◽  
Lijun Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽  
Main Host ◽  
Asexual State ◽  
Ips Subelongatus

Ophiostomatoid fungi are known for their associations with bark beetles, and some species are important sources of tree diseases. Ceratocystiopsis is a genus of the ophiostomatoid fungi in order Ophiostomatales. The shortage of DNA barcodes for many species in this genus has resulted in the presence of many unnamed cryptic species. In this study, Ceratocystiopsis subelongati sp. nov. associated with Ips subelongatus infesting Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in Inner Mongolia, China, was identified and described based on phylogenetic inference of multi-gene DNA sequences and morphological characteristics. The species is characterized by a hyalorhinocladiella- to sporothrix-like asexual state and an optimal growth temperature of 30 °C. Artificial inoculation tests in the field showed that it is mildly pathogenic to five-year-old larch trees, the main host of I. subelongatus. It is also the first described Ceratocystiopsis species associated with I. subelongatus in China. This discovery should provide new avenues for studying the symbiosis between bark beetles and ophiostomatoid fungi.

scholarly journals Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus f. aponicus in Japan

1997 ◽  
Vol 101 (10) ◽  
pp. 1215-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichi Yamaoka ◽  
Michael J. Wingfield ◽  
Ikuo Takahashi ◽  
Halvor Solheim
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽  
Spruce Bark Beetle ◽  
Spruce Bark

scholarly journals Antioxidant defences of Norway spruce bark against bark beetles and its associated blue-stain fungus

Agricultura ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Mateja Felicijan ◽  
Metka Novak ◽  
Nada Kraševec ◽  
Andreja Urbanek Krajnc
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Inducible Defences ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Ceratocystis Polonica

Abstract Bark beetles and their fungal associates are integral parts of forest ecosystems, the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus Linnaeus, 1758) and the associated pathogenic blue stain fungus Ceratocystis polonica (SIEM.) C. MOREAU, are the most devastating pests regarding Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) H. KARST.]. Bark beetles commonly inhabit weakened and felled trees as well as vital trees. They cause physiological disorders in trees by destroying a phloem and cambium or interrupt the transpiration -ow in the xylem. Conifers have a wide range of effective defence mechanisms that are based on the inner bark anatomy and physiological state of the tree. The basic function of bark defences is to protect the nutrient-and energy-rich phloem, the vital meristematic region of the vascular cambium, and the transpiration -ow in the sapwood. The main area of defence mechanisms is secondary phloem, which is physically and chemically protected by polyphenolic parenchyma (PP) cells, sclerenchyma, calcium oxalate crystals and resin ducts. Conifer trunk pest resistance includes constitutive, inducible defences and acquired resistance. Both constitutive and inducible defences may deter beetle invasion, impede fungal growth and close entrance wounds. During a successful attack, systemic acquired resistance (SAR) becomes effective and represents a third defence strategy. It gradually develops throughout the plant and provides a systemic change within the whole tree’s metabolism, which is maintained over a longer period of time. The broad range of defence mechanisms that contribute to the activation and utilisation of SAR, includes antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes, which are generally linked to the actions of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The presented review discusses the current knowledge on the antioxidant defence strategies of spruce inner bark against the bark beetle (Ips typographus) and associated blue stain fungus (Ceratocystis polonica).

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