scholarly journals Unusual Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts Isolated from Unripened Grapes without Antifungal Treatments

Fermentation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
José Juan Mateo ◽  
Patricia Garcerà ◽  
Sergi Maicas

There a lot of studies including the use of non-Saccharomyces yeasts in the process of wine fermentation. The attention is focused on the first steps of fermentation. However, the processes and changes that the non-Saccharomyces yeast populations may have suffered during the different stages of grape berry ripening, caused by several environmental factors, including antifungal treatments, have not been considered in depth. In our study, we have monitored the population dynamics of non-Saccharomyces yeasts during the ripening process, both with biochemical identification systems (API 20C AUX and API ID 32C), molecular techniques (RFLP-PCR) and enzymatic analyses. Some unusual non-Saccharomyces yeasts have been identified (Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Aureobasidium pullulans, Cryptococcus sp. and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa). These yeasts could be affected by antifungal treatments used in wineries, and this fact could explain the novelty involved in their isolation and identification. These yeasts can be a novel source for novel biotechnological uses to be explored in future work.

Author(s):  
María Berradre ◽  
Luzmila Meza ◽  
Braulio Zarzoso ◽  
Jorge Ortega ◽  
Betzabé Sulbarán ◽  
...  

Se realizó el aislamiento e identificación de levaduras nativas de un viñedo de la especie Vitis vinifera variedad Malvasía blanca, en la Región Zuliana. Se muestrearon aséptica y aleatoriamente bayas y partes de la planta (hojas, raquis, corteza y suelo), de un total de 123 plantas, correspondientes a un viñedo de la variedad de uva Malvasía. A aproximadamente a 500m del viñedo, se encuentra la bodega. La identificación de las levaduras aisladas en el viñedo se realizó por técnicas moleculares mediante PCR-RFLP, sometiendo los productos amplificados a un análisis de restricción con las enzimas Hinf I, Hae III, CfoI y DdeI.  La distribución de las levaduras en los diversos sustratos fue en el suelo 60% Hanseniaspora guillermondii y 40% Hanseniaspora uvarum, en la corteza 90% Candida sake y 10% Hanseniaspora uvarum, en hojas 100% por Rhodotorula mucilagenosa, en raquis 100% por Aureobasidium pullulans y en las bayas 96% Rhodotorula mucilagenosa y 4% Aureobasidium pullulans.  En el viñedo están ampliamente difundidos los géneros Ascomycetos Hanseniaspora, Candida y Aureobasidium y el género Basdiomycetos Rhodotorula, siendo las levaduras oxidativas Aureobasidium y Rhodotorula las de mayor difusión en el mismo, sin embargo, cabe destacar la presencia de levaduras fermentativas como los géneros Hanseniaspora y Candida, importantes levaduras con reconocido potencial enológico, que podrán ser utilizadas en futuras fermentaciones alcohólicas para obtener vinos con calidad única por ser fermentados con levaduras autóctonas adaptadas a clima tropical.  Palabras clave: levaduras autóctonas, variedad Malvasía, PCR-RFLP 5,8S.    ABSTRACT The isolation and identification of native yeasts from a vineyard of the Vitis vinifera white variety Malvasia was carried out in Zulia, Venezuela. Aseptically and randomly, berries and parts of the plant (leaves, rachis, bark and soil) were sampled from a total of 123 plants, corresponding to a vineyard of the Malvasia grape variety. A winery is located at approximately 500 m from the vineyard. The identification of the yeasts isolated in the vineyard was carried out by molecular techniques by PCR-RFLP, subjecting the amplified products to a restriction analysis with the enzymes Hinf I, Hae III, CfoI and DdeI. The distribution of the yeasts in the different substrates was in the soil 60% Hanseniaspora guillermondii and 40% Hanseniaspora uvarum, in the bark 90% Candida sake and 10% Hanseniaspora uvarum, in leaves 100% by Rhodotorula mucilagenosa, in rachis 100% by Aureobasidium pullulans and in berries 96% Rhodotorula mucilagenosa and 4% Aureobasidium pullulans. In the vineyard, the Ascomycetos type Hanseniaspora, Candida and Aureobasidium and the genus Basdiomycetos Rhodotorula are widely spread, with the oxidative yeasts Aureobasidium and Rhodotorula being the most widespread, however, the presence of fermentative yeasts such as the Hanseniaspora  and Candida genera, important yeasts with recognized oenological potential, which can be used in future alcoholic fermentations to obtain wines with unique quality by being fermented with native yeasts adapted to tropical climate. Key words: native yeasts, Malvasía variety, PCR-RFLP 5.8S.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Drumonde-Neves ◽  
Ticiana Fernandes ◽  
Teresa Lima ◽  
Célia Pais ◽  
Ricardo Franco-Duarte

ABSTRACT Non-Saccharomyces yeast species are nowadays recognized for their impact on wine´s chemical composition and sensorial properties. In addition, new interest has been given to the commercial exploitation of non-Saccharomyces starter cultures in the wine sector. However, over many years, these yeast species were considered sources of contamination in wine production and conservation, mainly due to the high levels of volatile acidity obtained. The present manuscript systematizes 80 years of literature describing non-Saccharomyces yeast species isolated from grapes and/or grape musts. A link between each reference, the accepted taxonomic name of each species and their geographical occurrence is presented, compiling information for 293 species, in a total of 231 citations. One major focus of this work relates to the isolation of non-Saccharomyces yeasts from grapevines usually ignored in most sampling studies, also as isolation from damaged grapes. These particular niches are sources of specific yeast species, which are not identified in most other explored environments. These yeasts have high potential to be explored for important and diversified biotechnological applications.


Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Grazia Alberico ◽  
Angela Capece ◽  
Gianluigi Mauriello ◽  
Rocchina Pietrafesa ◽  
Gabriella Siesto ◽  
...  

In recent years, as a consequence of the re-evaluation of the role of non-Saccharomyces yeasts, several studies have been conducted on the use of controlled mixed fermentations with Saccharomyces and different non-Saccharomyces yeast species from the winemaking environment. To benefit from the metabolic particularities of some non-Saccharomyces yeasts, the management of a non-Saccharomyces strain in mixed fermentation is a crucial step, in particular the use of procedures addressed to increase the persistence of non-Saccharomyces strains during the fermentative process. The use of microencapsulation for cell immobilization might represent a strategy for enhancing the competitiveness of non-Saccharomyces yeasts during mixed fermentation. This study was aimed to assess the fermentative performance of a mixed starter culture, composed by a wild Hanseniaspora osmophila strain (ND1) and a commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain (EC1118). For this purpose, free and microencapsulated cells of ND1 strain were tested in co-culture with EC1118 during mixed fermentations in order to evaluate the effect of the microencapsulation on fermentative behavior of mixed starter and final wine composition. The data have shown that H. osmophila cell formulation affects the persistence of both ND1 and EC1118 strains during fermentations and microencapsulation resulted in a suitable system to increase the fermentative efficiency of ND1 strain during mixed starter fermentation.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteves ◽  
Barbosa ◽  
Vasconcelos ◽  
Tavares ◽  
Mendes-Faia ◽  
...  

Non-Saccharomyces yeasts have received increased attention by researchers and winemakers, due to their particular contributions to the characteristics of wine. In this group, Saccharomycodes ludwigii is one of the less studied species. In the present study, a native S. ludwigii strain, UTAD17 isolated from the Douro wine region was characterized for relevant oenological traits. The genome of UTAD17 was recently sequenced. Its potential use in winemaking was further evaluated by conducting grape-juice fermentations, either in single or in mixed-cultures, with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, following two inoculation strategies (simultaneous and sequential). In a pure culture, S. ludwigii UTAD17 was able to ferment all sugars in a reasonable time without impairing the wine quality, producing low levels of acetic acid and ethyl acetate. The overall effects of S. ludwigii UTAD17 in a mixed-culture fermentation were highly dependent on the inoculation strategy which dictated the dominance of each yeast strain. Wines whose fermentation was governed by S. ludwigii UTAD17 presented low levels of secondary aroma compounds and were chemically distinct from those fermented by S. cerevisiae. Based on these results, a future use of this non-Saccharomyces yeast either in monoculture fermentations or as a co-starter culture with S. cerevisiae for the production of wines with greater expression of the grape varietal character and with flavor diversity could be foreseen.


2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 2437-2448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Martínez-Lüscher ◽  
Cassandra M. Plank ◽  
Luca Brillante ◽  
Monica L. Cooper ◽  
Rhonda J. Smith ◽  
...  

Metabolomics ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketti Toffali ◽  
Anita Zamboni ◽  
Andrea Anesi ◽  
Matteo Stocchero ◽  
Mario Pezzotti ◽  
...  

2005 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory M. Symons ◽  
Christopher Davies ◽  
Yuri Shavrukov ◽  
Ian B. Dry ◽  
James B. Reid ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
N. Korniienko ◽  
E. Dukhno ◽  
A. Kharina ◽  
I. Budzanivska

In a consequence of agricultural human activity, a set of phytopathogenic bacteria gain new properties and ability to cause diseases in animal and human organisms. Moreover, bacterial loss of sensitivity to antibiotics becomes more increasing threat. The most effective alternative method of processing of plants are bacteriophages. The aim of this work is isolation and identification of a vegetable enterobacteria and search of its specific bacteriophages. Methods: biochemical identification of bacteria, analysis on sensitivity to antibiotics by means of disks, titration and accumulation of virus, electronic microscopy. Results: from onions samples with symptoms of a bacteriosis several bacteria were isolated. One of them was identified as Pantoea agglomerans. The sensitivity of this isolate to antibiotics was investigated, the resistance to cefalexin and norfloxacin is revealed. The bacteriophage specific to this bacteria is isolated from waste waters. The morphology of a bacteriophage is investigated by means of electronic microscopy, the virus belongs to the Myoviridae family. Phytopathogenic properties of bacteria and the antibacterial activity of phage isolate were investigated on potatoes in vitro. P. agglomerans led to development of a bacteriosis on potatoes cubes, and the isolated bacteriophage successfully inhibited its growth. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that common vegetables such as onions could be a source of human pathogenic bacteria. In this work, we isolated P.agglomerans, member of family Enterobacteriaceae. Taking into account that this bacteria was unsensitive to some antibiotics, it can be regarded as an alarming sign. The use of bacteriophages could solve problems of antimicriobial resistance and protecting of crops from bacterial infections. Isolated bacteriophage from waste waters inhibited growth of P.agglomerans in vitro showing that it could be considered as a part of phage drugs.


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