FAG Salmonella ASAL LIMBAH PASAR IKAN DAN AIR SUNGAI DI SEKITAR KAMPUS UNIVERSITAS BANGKA BELITUNG

Seven Salmonella lytic phages found in water sample of river near UBB campus building. Phages were characterized by plaque morphology (plaque diameter size and shape) and phage host range. Phages formed plaques with diameter size ranges from 1.06 mm to 4.90 mm, and form shape such as small dot, circle, elongated, or irregular. Factors effect plaque forming by phages are phage titer number and incubation time. All phage isolates have broad host range include Gram negative and positive. Six phage isolates are able to lyse Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, meanwhile one phage isolate is able to lyse Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus.

Isolation of bacteriophages with lytic activity against a newly identified Pantoea agglomerans

In a consequence of agricultural human activity, a set of phytopathogenic bacteria gain new properties and ability to cause diseases in animal and human organisms. Moreover, bacterial loss of sensitivity to antibiotics becomes more increasing threat. The most effective alternative method of processing of plants are bacteriophages. The aim of this work is isolation and identification of a vegetable enterobacteria and search of its specific bacteriophages. Methods: biochemical identification of bacteria, analysis on sensitivity to antibiotics by means of disks, titration and accumulation of virus, electronic microscopy. Results: from onions samples with symptoms of a bacteriosis several bacteria were isolated. One of them was identified as Pantoea agglomerans. The sensitivity of this isolate to antibiotics was investigated, the resistance to cefalexin and norfloxacin is revealed. The bacteriophage specific to this bacteria is isolated from waste waters. The morphology of a bacteriophage is investigated by means of electronic microscopy, the virus belongs to the Myoviridae family. Phytopathogenic properties of bacteria and the antibacterial activity of phage isolate were investigated on potatoes in vitro. P. agglomerans led to development of a bacteriosis on potatoes cubes, and the isolated bacteriophage successfully inhibited its growth. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that common vegetables such as onions could be a source of human pathogenic bacteria. In this work, we isolated P.agglomerans, member of family Enterobacteriaceae. Taking into account that this bacteria was unsensitive to some antibiotics, it can be regarded as an alarming sign. The use of bacteriophages could solve problems of antimicriobial resistance and protecting of crops from bacterial infections. Isolated bacteriophage from waste waters inhibited growth of P.agglomerans in vitro showing that it could be considered as a part of phage drugs.

How to name and classify your phage: an informal guide

With this informal guide, we try to assist both new and experienced phage researchers through two important stages that follow phage discovery, i.e. naming and classification. Providing an appropriate name for a bacteriophage is not as trivial as it sounds and the effects might be long-lasting in databases and in official taxon names. Phage classification is the responsibility of the Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee (BAVS) of the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). While the BAVS aims at providing a holistic approach to phage taxonomy, for individual researchers who have isolated and sequenced a new phage, this can be a little overwhelming. We are now providing these researchers with an informal guide to phage naming and classification, taking a “bottom-up” approach from the phage isolate level.