scholarly journals Vitamin K in COVID-19—Potential Anti-COVID-19 Properties of Fermented Milk Fortified with Bee Honey as a Natural Source of Vitamin K and Probiotics

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Amira Mohammed Ali ◽  
Hiroshi Kunugi ◽  
Hend A. Abdelmageed ◽  
Ahmed S. Mandour ◽  
Mostafa Elsayed Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonists ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Natural Source ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
K Deficiency

Vitamin K deficiency is evident in severe and fatal COVID-19 patients. It is associated with the cytokine storm, thrombotic complications, multiple organ damage, and high mortality, suggesting a key role of vitamin K in the pathology of COVID-19. To support this view, we summarized findings reported from machine learning studies, molecular simulation, and human studies on the association between vitamin K and SARS-CoV-2. We also investigated the literature for the association between vitamin K antagonists (VKA) and the prognosis of COVID-19. In addition, we speculated that fermented milk fortified with bee honey as a natural source of vitamin K and probiotics may protect against COVID-19 and its severity. The results reported by several studies emphasize vitamin K deficiency in COVID-19 and related complications. However, the literature on the role of VKA and other oral anticoagulants in COVID-19 is controversial: some studies report reductions in (intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and mortality), others report no effect on mortality, while some studies report higher mortality among patients on chronic oral anticoagulants, including VKA. Supplementing fermented milk with honey increases milk peptides, bacterial vitamin K production, and compounds that act as potent antioxidants: phenols, sulforaphane, and metabolites of lactobacilli. Lactobacilli are probiotic bacteria that are suggested to interfere with various aspects of COVID-19 infection ranging from receptor binding to metabolic pathways involved in disease prognosis. Thus, fermented milk that contains natural honey may be a dietary manipulation capable of correcting nutritional and immune deficiencies that predispose to and aggravate COVID-19. Empirical studies are warranted to investigate the benefits of these compounds.

Spectrophotometric Assays of Prothrombin in Plasma of Patients Using Oral Anticoagulants

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 1296-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Bertina ◽  
W van der Marel-van Nieuwkoop ◽  
E A Loeliger
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Oral Anticoagulation ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonists ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Anticoagulant Treatment ◽  
Factor Ii ◽  
K Deficiency

SummaryTwo spectrophotometric assays for prothrombin have been developed and compared with a one stage coagulant and an immunological assay. One of these assays (called the XAPC assay) uses a combination of factor Xa, phospholipid, Ca2+ and factor V as activator of prothrombin, and measures only normal prothrombin. The second (the ECAR assay) uses Echis carinatus venom as activator. This assay measures both normal prothrombin and PIVKA II (protein induced by vitamin K antagonists/absence). Combination of the results obtained by the XAPC and ECAR assays provides rapid and reliable information on the degree of “subcarboxylation” of prothrombin (oral anticoagulation, vitamin K deficiency).For patients on long term anticoagulant treatment the prothrombin time (Thrombotest) shows better correlation with the ratio prothrombin/prothrombin plus PIVKA II (XAPC/ ECAR) than with the factor II concentration. For patients starting the anticoagulant treatment there is no correlation between the Thrombotest time and the XAPC/ECAR ratio.It seems doubtful that (a) spectrophotometric factor II assay(s) will be as useful as the prothrombin time in the control of oral anticoagulation.

scholarly journals Two Types of Prothrombin in Vitamin K Deficiency

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. 633-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C Hemker ◽  
Annemarie D. Muller ◽  
E. A Loeliger
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
K Deficiency

SummaryIn vitamin K deficiency (either absolute or induced by oral anticoagulants) two types of prothrombin occur. One is not distinguishable from normal prothrombin. It generates thrombin quickly in a medium in which the factors V, VII and X, thromboplastin and Ca++ are present in sufficient amounts. The other is converted into thrombin much more slowly under the same conditions. In the onestage prothrombin assay only the first form is measured, in a two-stage prothrombin assay both forms are estimated. This accounts for the well-known discrepancy between these two tests in vitamin K deficiency. The abnormal prothrombin can be considered one of the Proteins Induced by Vitamin K Absence. The occurrence of this kind of proteins fits in the concept of the action of vitamin K as a co-factor in a system that converts polypeptide-precursors into coagulation factors.

scholarly journals PREVENTION OF BLEEDING ASSOCIATED WITH LATE VITAMIN K DEFICIENCY IN INFANTS OF THE FIRST THREE MONTHS OF LIFE - TACTICS OF REDUCTION OF DEATHS AND DISABILITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
M. M. Kiselovа
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
Chronic Cholestasis ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Prophylactic Use ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Current Guidelines

The article, intended for neonatologists, general practitioners, family medicine, pediatricians, presents the main causes of disorders in the hemostasis system, which lead to the development of hemorrhagic syndrome in newborns and infants. Emphasis is placed on various forms of neonatal hemorrhagic disease (NHD), which is based on a deficiency of fat-soluble vitamin K. The main risk group for bleeding associated with late vitamin K deficiency is formed by children who are exclusively breastfed. The article presents modern approaches to the prevention of late bleeding associated with vitamin K deficiency, which is based on chronic problems of the digestive system – chronic cholestasis, cystic fibrosis and others. Describes and interprets current guidelines for the prophylactic use of vitamin K in infants in the first three months of life in European countries of high economic development, the United States, which reflects various effective schemes for the prevention of bleeding associated with vitamin K deficiency in infants, differing in single dose application of a preventive course and a way of administration of vitamin K (phytomenadione). The role of parents in the prevention of vitamin K deficiency in infants who are breastfed is emphasized.

Pathophysiology of Vitamin K-deficiency and Oral Anticoagulants

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (01) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cees Vermeer ◽  
Karly Hamulyák
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
K Deficiency

Emerging Issues in Vitamin K Research

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer T. Truong ◽  
Sarah L. Booth
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
K Deficiency

Vitamin K is traditionally recognized for its role in blood clotting. More recently, new roles for vitamin K have emerged. The current evidence for the role of vitamin K in bone, cardiovascular, and reproductive health will be discussed. There will be a particular focus on populations who could be at risk for vitamin K deficiency.

scholarly journals Potential Beneficial Effects of Vitamin K in SARS-CoV-2 Induced Vascular Disease?

Immuno ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Mateusz Kudelko ◽  
Tsz Fung Yip ◽  
Grace Chun Hei Law ◽  
Suki Man Yan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
K Deficiency

Prevalent coagulopathy and thromboembolism are observed in severe COVID-19 patients with 40% of COVID-19 mortality being associated with cardiovascular complications. Abnormal coagulation parameters are related to poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Victims also displayed presence of extensive thrombosis in infected lungs. Vitamin K is well-known to play an essential role in the coagulation system. Latest study revealed an existing correlation between vitamin K deficiency and COVID-19 severity, highlighting a role of vitamin K, probably via coagulation modulation. In agreement, other recent studies also indicated that anti-coagulant treatments can reduce mortality in severe cases. Altogether, potential mechanisms linking COVID-19 with coagulopathy in which vitamin K may exert its modulating role in coagulation related with disease pathogenesis are established. In this review, we discuss the recent evidence supporting COVID-19 as a vascular disease and explore the potential benefits of using vitamin K against COVID-19 to improve disease outcomes.

Role of Vitamin A in Induction of Vitamin K Deficiency in the Rat

1962 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Matschiner ◽  
E. A. Doisy
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
K Deficiency

scholarly journals Direct Oral Anticoagulants after Ischemic Stroke: Which Patient? Which Drug? And How Early?

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
pp. 031-034
Author(s):  
Gian Marco De Marchis
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonists ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Reversal Agents

AbstractDirect oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are recommended over vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ischemic stroke. The main advantage of DOAC over VKA is the lower rate of bleeding and mortality. This review covers challenges clinicians can encounter when treating patients with AF and ischemic stroke, including timing of DOAC start and ongoing randomized clinical trials, appropriate dosing, and available comparative evidence across DOACs. For patients without AF but with an ischemic stroke, the review outlines the role of DOACs. Finally, the risk of thrombotic events associated with specific DOAC reversal agents and DOAC pausing is reviewed.

scholarly journals Non-vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants and Drug-Food Interactions: Implications for Clinical Practice and Potential Role of Probiotics and Prebiotics

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Sánchez-Fuentes ◽  
José Miguel Rivera-Caravaca ◽  
Raquel López-Gálvez ◽  
Francisco Marín ◽  
Vanessa Roldán
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonists ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonist ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Profile ◽  
Potential Interactions

Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are a therapeutic option to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). In fact, NOACs have become the recommended choice by international clinical practice guidelines over vitamin K antagonists (VKA), because of their efficacy and safety profile, especially in newly initiated patients. The more predictable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of this family of drugs allows preventing anticoagulation drug monitoring. Furthermore, NOACs have significantly fewer drug and food interactions in comparison with VKAs. Despite this, there are no studies that compare the effects on the quality of anticoagulation of NOACs with the intake of potential interactions drugs of P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P450 (CYP). This review brings an overview of NOACs pharmacokinetics profile and their potential drug-food interactions. We also briefly discuss the potential role of prebiotics and probiotics in patients under therapy with NOACs.

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