scholarly journals Assessment of the Miniature Kramer Shear Cell to Measure Both Solid Food and Bolus Mechanical Properties and Their Interplay with Oral Processing Behavior

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 613
Author(s):  
María Dolores Álvarez ◽  
Jaime Paniagua ◽  
Beatriz Herranz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Eating Rate ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Shear Cell ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
Cone Penetration Tests ◽  
Oral Processing ◽  
Highly Correlated

This study assessed the usefulness of the miniature Kramer shear cell to determine relevant instrumental parameters of solid foods and bolus counterparts, examining their relationships with oral processing behaviors to obtain greater knowledge about the texture perception process. Six solid foods with different textural properties were tested. Bolus mechanical properties were also determined by means of cone penetration tests and rheological measurements, and their particle size distributions by sieving. Oral processing behavior (chewing time, number of chews, chewing rate, eating rate) and food saliva uptake (SU) of a young volunteer and a panel of 39 untrained participants were analyzed. The Kramer mechanical properties were very suitable for detecting different levels of food and bolus textural hardness and fracturability and the associated degrees of fragmentation achieved during mastication. Chewing time and number of chews were highly correlated with Kramer food and bolus mechanical properties for the single subject and for the panel’s oral processing behaviors. For the single subject, SU and eating rate also showed strong correlations with food and bolus mechanical properties, unlike chewing rate and food moisture content (FMC). In contrast, eating rate, FMC, and SU did not vary with the oral activities of the panel.

Correlation of instrumental texture properties from textural profile analysis (TPA) with eating behaviours and macronutrient composition for a wide range of solid foods

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 5301-5312 ◽  
Author(s):  
May Sui Mei Wee ◽  
Ai Ting Goh ◽  
Markus Stieger ◽  
Ciarán G. Forde
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Eating Rate ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
Texture Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oral Processing ◽  
Instrumental Texture

The correlation between instrumental texture properties and oral processing provides guidance on the parameters that produce ‘faster’ and ‘slower’ versions of foods, and suggests how texture modifications can be applied to moderate eating rate and energy intake within meals.

Prediction of pile shaft resistance using cone penetration tests (CPTs)

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hassan Baziar ◽  
Armin Kashkooli ◽  
Alireza Saeedi-Azizkandi
Keyword(s):  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Shaft Resistance ◽  
Pile Shaft ◽  
Cone Penetration Tests ◽  
Penetration Tests

scholarly journals Using CPTs to derive thermal properties of soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Philip J. Vardon ◽  
Joek Peuchen
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Volumetric Heat Capacity ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Cone Penetration Tests ◽  
Penetration Tests ◽  
Properties Of Soil

A method of utilizing cone penetration tests (CPTs) is presented which gives continuous profiles of both the in situ thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity, along with the in situ temperature, for the upper tens of meters of the ground. Correlations from standard CPT results (cone resistance, sleeve friction and pore pressure) are utilized for both thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity for saturated soil. These, in conjunction with point-wise thermal conductivity and in situ temperature results using a Thermal CPT (T-CPT), allow accurate continuous profiles to be derived. The CPT-based method is shown via a field investigation supported by laboratory tests to give accurate and robust results.

scholarly journals Consistency of Eating Rate, Oral Processing Behaviours and Energy Intake across Meals

Nutrients ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keri McCrickerd ◽  
Ciaran Forde
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Eating Rate ◽  
Oral Processing

In vitro simulation of the oral processing of semi-solid foods

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F. Prinz ◽  
A.M. Janssen ◽  
R.A. de Wijk
Keyword(s):  
Solid Foods ◽  
In Vitro Simulation ◽  
Oral Processing ◽  
Semi Solid

scholarly journals The architecture of the Kattendijk Formation and the implications on the early Pliocene depositional evolution of the southern margin of the North Sea Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jef DECKERS ◽  
Stephen LOUWYE
Keyword(s):  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Early Pliocene ◽  
Cone Penetration Tests ◽  
The North ◽  
Lower Oligocene ◽  
Deep Incision ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Depositional Evolution ◽  
Penetration Tests ◽  
East West

An east-west correlation profile through the upper Neogene succession north of Antwerp, based on cone penetration tests, reveals the architecture of the lower Pliocene Kattendijk Formation. It shows a basal incision of the Kattendijk Formation down to 20 m in Miocene sands and locally even Lower Oligocene clays. The incision is part of a much larger gully system in the region at the base of the Kattendijk Formation. The strongest gully incision is observed along the western profile, and coincides with increases in the thickness of the Kattendijk Formation from its typical four to six meters thickness in the east towards a maximum of 15 m in the west. Correlations show that this additional thickness represents a separate sequence of the Kattendijk Formation that first filled the deepest part of the gully prior to being transgressed and covered by the second sequence deposited in a larger gully system. Both sequences of the Kattendijk Formation have basal transgressive layers, and are lithologically identical. Initial, deep incision at the base of the Kattendijk Formation might have been the result of the constriction of early Pliocene tidal currents that invaded and expanded fluvial or estuarine gullies that had developed during the latest Miocene sea-level low. A similar mechanism had been proposed for the development of late Miocene gully system at the base of the Diest Formation further southeast in northern Belgium. As the wider area was transgressed and covered by the second sequence of the Kattendijk Formation, flow constriction ended, currents weakened and gully incisions were reduced in size.

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