scholarly journals 30 Years of Multifrequency Quasar Variability: A Personal Journey

Galaxies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
James R. Webb

I outline the history of and progress in observing and understanding quasar multi-frequency and multi-messenger variability from the point of view of someone who has been working in the field for over 30 years. I will present some important references for the evolution from optical monitoring to multi-frequency cooperative programs that revealed the true multi-frequency/multi-timescale nature of variability in these objects. Quasar observations began with separate radio and optical monitoring programs; then the optical and radio observations w ere combined. This was followed by expanding the analyses to include far IR, UV, X-rays, and finally adding gamma rays. This progression yielded simultaneous multi-frequency spectra of these objects and light curves over 15 decades in frequency. The future is adding particle (neutrino) and gravitational waves to the picture. I also present long-term (50 years) optical light curves, and discuss optical variability at all timescales from minutes to tens of years in some selected objects for which we have reliable long-term monitoring observations.

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (5-7) ◽  
pp. 359-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne R Henderson

The sublittoral macrobenthic invertebrate populations of the Upper Clyde Estuary are described. The estuary has a long history of organic pollution. The long term changes in species composition, faunal density and dominance patterns between 1974 and 1980 are presented. The fauna is dominated by brackish, pollution tolerant oligochaetes and polychaetes. Fluctuations in populations can be related to both seasonal variation in environmental conditions and long term improvements in water quality through a reduction in pollution loading to the estuary.


Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Garcia Marco

Thesauri are considered as an optimum between maximum ontological modelling (best knowledge mapping) and minimal alphabetic ordering (less expensive access). From this point of view a swift history of its evolution is provided. The recent evolutions in Internet searching are also analysed from this perspective. In this context, there is an immediate role for thesauri to ensure interoperability and feed up the new Internet semantic engines; and in the long term as a simple semantic user interface for resource discovery and navigation, which ensures proper transparency and control by the user who wants to take the effort to supervise and analyse its search processes. It is proposed that better devices for ensuring semantic sorting are provided when necessary, and that a distributed hub for thesauri interconnection is provided, perhaps using the existent big open Internet semantic facilities, as Wikipedia


2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (s2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Riccardi ◽  
Elsa Froufe ◽  
Manuel Lopes-Lima ◽  
Claudio Mazzoli

Thanks to a video posted on a social network, live mussels of <em>Unio elongatulus</em>, have been recorded from Lake Orta (Italy) over one century after the last (and only) report. With its long and well documented history of pollution, Lake Orta offers the opportunity to document the post-extirpation recovery of freshwater unionid mussels. This case evidences that recovery/recolonization is possible despite a high devastation in the past, and permits to evaluate how fast recolonization may occur, in which way, and in what conditions.  The answer to the '<em>how</em> <em>fast</em>' was sought by estimating the age of the larger and seemingly older individuals of the population. To address the '<em>in which way</em>' we compared the haplotypes of Lake Orta specimens of <em>Unio elongatulus</em> (the only species present) with those of surrounding populations. We concluded that, since Lake Orta lacks a direct connection with the putative source populations, colonizing mussels were almost certainly transported by fish carrying glochidia that were used for lake restocking after liming. Data from the long-term monitoring of water chemistry and sediments have allowed defining what conditions proved to be suitable for survival making possible the start of mussels recovery. But not only water and sediment quality matters for mussels recovery, which was delayed by nearly ten years after the reappearance of fish. This delay reflects the need of the whole trophic chain to be reestablished to allow the survival of the suitable and healthy host-fish populations necessary for mussels reproduction.


2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Dolles ◽  
Sten Söderman

AbstractFor the first time in the history of FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association), the football (soccer) World Cup held in Germany 2006 specifically addressed environmental concerns. By doing so, the German Organizing Committee did not have the objective of creating a short-term vision, but rather of making a long-term and lasting contribution to the improvement of environmental protection in hosting a mega-sporting event. By taking the football world cup in Germany as a case study, we will provide insights into the so-called ‘Green Goal’ programme and its four main areas: water, waste, energy, and transportation. From a global point of view, climate protection was added by the Organizing Committee as the fifth area of action and was recognised as a cross-sectorial task. Finally, questions are addressed on how to apply those measurements in the planning and organisation of other mega (-sporting) events.


2019 ◽  
Vol 486 (2) ◽  
pp. 2910-2918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xilu Wang (王夕露) ◽  
Brian D Fields ◽  
Amy Yarleen Lien (連雅琳)

Abstract A Milky Way Type Ia supernova (SNIa) could be unidentified or even initially unnoticed, being dim in radio, X-rays, and neutrinos, and suffering large optical/IR extinction in the Galactic plane. But SNIa emit nuclear gamma-ray lines from 56Ni → 56Co → 56Fe radioactive decays. These lines fall within the Fermi/GBM energy range, and the 56Ni 158 keV line is detectable by Swift/BAT. Both instruments frequently monitor the Galactic plane, which is transparent to gamma rays. Thus GBM and BAT are ideal Galactic SNIa early warning systems. We simulate SNIa MeV light curves and spectra to show that GBM and BAT could confirm a Galactic SNIa explosion, followed by Swift localization and observation in X-rays and UVOIR band. The time of detection depends sensitively on the 56Ni distribution, and can be as early as a few days if ${\gtrsim } 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the 56Ni is present in the surface as suggested by SN2014J gamma data.


Author(s):  
Marco Aurélio Clemente Gonçalves ◽  
Mariele Regina Pinheiro Gonçalves ◽  
Pablo Eduardo Ortiz

The discovery of x-rays, one of the most beautiful experiments ever carried out, generates numerous controversies and these, in turn, can trigger a series of counterproductive information regarding not only the History of Science but also the teaching  activity. The aim of this article is to resolve these controversies concerning what ocurred and highlight the important role of the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, highlighting not only his genius but, especially in this case in particular, his condition of second-order observer. It is not uncommon to find information in various media refering to this discovery under the claim that it was the result of a fortuitous event, and this denotes a profound lack of knowledge about the facts or a disrespect for the renowned discoverer. Such allegations about the event depreciate the extraordinary discovery that impacts humanity, from the deed  to the present. Thus, through a brief historical reconstruction, it was tried to present here what had happened judiciously. With this respect, the brilliant scientist is given the status of a second-rate observer, from the philosophical point of view. This condition resonates with the diachronic aspect of the History of Science, according to the perspective presented here, and it is also supported by the time taken by the discoverer from the beginning of his research until the end of it. Keywords: X-Ray. Second-Order Observer. History of Science. ResumoO descobrimento dos raios-x, um dos mais belos experimentos já realizados, gera inúmeras controvérsias e essas, por sua vez, podem desencadear uma série de informações contraproducentes no tangente não só a História da Ciência como também à atividade de ensino. O presente artigo tem como objetivo dirimir tais polêmicas com respeito ao ocorrido e destacar o importante papel do físico alemão Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, destacando não só sua genialidade, mas sobretudo, neste caso em particular, a sua condição de observador de segunda ordem. Não é raro encontrar em diversos meios de comunicação informações com respeito a referida descoberta sob a alegação de que a mesma fora fruto de um caso fortuito e isso denota profundo desconhecimento sobre os fatos, ou então, desrespeito com o renomado descobridor. Tais alegações sobre o sucedido depreciam a descoberta extraordinária que impacta a humanidade, desde o feito até a atualidade. Assim, através de breve reconstrução histórica, buscou-se aqui apresentar o ocorrido criteriosamente. Com este respeito passa-se a atribuir ao brilhante cientista a condição de observador de segunda ordem, do ponto de vista filosófico. Tal condição encontra ressonância no aspecto diacrônico da História da Ciência, segundo a perspectiva aqui apresentada e está amparada, também, pelo tempo empreendido pelo descobridor desde o início de sua pesquisa até a finalização da mesma. Palavras-chave: Raios-x. Observador de Segunda Ordem. História da Ciência.


2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. E7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Umansky ◽  
Yigal Shoshan ◽  
Guy Rosenthal ◽  
Shifra Fraifeld ◽  
Sergey Spektor

✓ The long-term or delayed side effects of irradiation on neural tissue are now known to include the induction of new central nervous system neoplasms. However, during the first half of the 20th century, human neural tissue was generally considered relatively resistant to the carcinogenic and other ill effects of ionizing radiation. As a result, exposure to relatively high doses of x-rays from diagnostic examinations and therapeutic treatment was common. In the present article the authors review the literature relating to radiation-induced meningiomas (RIMs). Emphasis is placed on meningiomas resulting from childhood treatment for primary brain tumor or tinea capitis, exposure to dental x-rays, and exposure to atomic explosions in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The incidence and natural history of RIMs following exposure to high- and low-dose radiation is presented, including latency, multiplicity, histopathological features, and recurrence rates. The authors review the typical presentation of patients with RIMs and discuss unique aspects of the surgical management of these tumors compared with sporadic meningioma, based on their clinical experience in treating these lesions.


2014 ◽  
Vol 1036 ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radu Vilău ◽  
Marin Marinescu ◽  
Octavian Alexa ◽  
Marian Truta ◽  
Valentin Vinturis

The paper presents a possible method to diagnose a mechanical fault of an automotive system. Starting from the point of view that every fault of a mechanical system should introduce an abnormal component within the signal that describes the time history of a mechanical parameter we tried to find a way to reveal it.We were performing some tests involving a military vehicle with respect to the performances of its braking system. The tests were aiming at identifying a way to bring up-to-date the old weapon system from the braking systems point of view. During these tests we observed some anomalies concerning the pressure evolution within the braking cylinders of the vehicle. Some unusual but also systematic noises occurred. As a main issue at this point, the source of the noise should have been identified and filtered if necessary. We had to decide whether the noisy component of the signal is just a noise that should be removed by filtering the signal or it is a physical component of the mechanical parameter itself (not noise but a useful information).These procedures take time and they also request accurate knowledge as well as fine expertise in automotive testing. Since our Dept. has a long and rich practice in this respect, we assumed to processing data and give them a thorough interpretation. So, the first thing we did was to perform a frequency analysis, using classical methods. Usually, a simple frequency analysis cant provide information about a time variation of the frequency spectra due to the Fourier Transforms behavior, since it freezes the signal in time. A much more accurate analysis is the time-frequency analysis. However, observing both the amplitude and power spectra can lead to a useful conclusion. We concluded that the noise we met within the signal is due to the brake drums loss of circular shape (they turned into an oval, the process being known as ovalization). Hence, we cant talk about a noise as it is usually defined.


2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 287-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cha Young Lee ◽  
Jeong Mi Hwang ◽  
Tae Joong Yoon ◽  
Dong Gun Kim ◽  
Min Jeong Beak ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e223365
Author(s):  
Kiran Dhaliwal ◽  
Colin Thomas Brewster ◽  
Sivarajasingham Pakeerathan

Acute blue finger syndrome is a rare benign condition that mimics digital ischaemia. We discuss the case of a 32-year-old woman who presented with a 6hour history of blue discolouration of the middle finger of the right hand, associated with pain and swelling. There was no history of trauma and this was the first time that the patient had experienced these symptoms. Examination found blue discolouration of the digit primarily on the volar aspect with associated swelling. All investigations, including blood tests, X-rays and Doppler scanning, were normal. The symptoms resolved spontaneously within 48 hours. There were no recurrent episodes or long-term sequelae. Patients presenting with an acutely blue finger need rapid assessment to exclude digit ischaemia. Knowledge of this rare benign condition may prevent unnecessary distress, invasive investigations and potentially harmful treatment of a healthy patient.


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