scholarly journals All Ways Lead to Rome—Meiotic Stabilization Can Take Many Routes in Nascent Polyploid Plants

Genes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Adrián Gonzalo
Keyword(s):  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Novel Mutation ◽  
Evolutionary Origin ◽  
Duplicated Genes ◽  
Standing Variation ◽  
Meiotic Stability

Newly formed polyploids often show extensive meiotic defects, resulting in aneuploid gametes, and thus reduced fertility. However, while many neopolyploids are meiotically unstable, polyploid lineages that survive in nature are generally stable and fertile; thus, those lineages that survive are those that are able to overcome these challenges. Several genes that promote polyploid stabilization are now known in plants, allowing speculation on the evolutionary origin of these meiotic adjustments. Here, I discuss results that show that meiotic stability can be achieved through the differentiation of certain alleles of certain genes between ploidies. These alleles, at least sometimes, seem to arise by novel mutation, while standing variation in either ancestral diploids or related polyploids, from which alleles can introgress, may also contribute. Growing evidence also suggests that the coevolution of multiple interacting genes has contributed to polyploid stabilization, and in allopolyploids, the return of duplicated genes to single copies (genome fractionation) may also play a role in meiotic stabilization. There is also some evidence that epigenetic regulation may be important, which can help explain why some polyploid lineages can partly stabilize quite rapidly.

scholarly journals The History of Lentil (Lens culinaris subsp. culinaris) Domestication and Spread as Revealed by Genotyping-by-Sequencing of Wild and Landrace Accessions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Liber ◽  
Isabel Duarte ◽  
Ana Teresa Maia ◽  
Hugo R. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Novel Mutation ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Plant Domestication ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Standing Variation ◽  
Archeological Evidence

Protein-rich legumes accompanied carbohydrate-rich cereals since the beginning of agriculture and yet their domestication history is not as well understood. Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. subsp. culinaris) was first cultivated in Southwest Asia (SWA) 8000–10,000 years ago but archeological evidence is unclear as to how many times it may have been independently domesticated, in which SWA region(s) this may have happened, and whether wild species within the Lens genus have contributed to the cultivated gene pool. In this study, we combined genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) of 190 accessions from wild (67) and domesticated (123) lentils from the Old World with archeological information to explore the evolutionary history, domestication, and diffusion of lentils to different environments. GBS led to the discovery of 87,647 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which allowed us to infer the phylogeny of genus Lens. We confirmed previous studies proposing four groups within it. The only gene flow detected was between cultivated varieties and their progenitor (L. culinaris subsp. orientalis) albeit at very low levels. Nevertheless, a few putative hybrids or naturalized cultivars were identified. Within cultivated lentil, we found three geographic groups. Phylogenetics, population structure, and archeological data coincide in a scenario of protracted domestication of lentils, with two domesticated gene pools emerging in SWA. Admixed varieties are found throughout their range, suggesting a relaxed selection process. A small number of alleles involved in domestication and adaptation to climatic variables were identified. Both novel mutation and selection on standing variation are presumed to have played a role in adaptation of lentils to different environments. The results presented have implications for understanding the process of plant domestication (past), the distribution of genetic diversity in germplasm collections (present), and targeting genes in breeding programs (future).

Congenital mirror movements in a family with a novel mutation in the DCC gene

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Korenke ◽  
M Wagner ◽  
A Maak ◽  
G Rosenberger ◽  
K Kutsche
Keyword(s):  
Novel Mutation ◽  
Mirror Movements ◽  
Dcc Gene

Prognostic relevance of disordered epigenetic regulation in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia

2013 ◽  
Vol 225 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Fluhr ◽  
T Witte ◽  
CF Krombholz ◽  
C Plass ◽  
CM Niemeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia ◽  
Prognostic Relevance ◽  
Myelomonocytic Leukemia

Danon Disease: Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Workup in a Case of a Male Patient with a Novel Mutation in the LAMP2 Gene

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dieckmann ◽  
F. Majer ◽  
H. Hulkova ◽  
M. Farr ◽  
T. Kalina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Patient ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Novel Mutation ◽  
Diagnostic Workup ◽  
Danon Disease ◽  
Lamp2 Gene

Epigenetic regulation of hepatic DPP4

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S84
Author(s):  
S Saussenthaler ◽  
C Baumeier ◽  
A Kammel ◽  
M Canouil ◽  
S Lobbens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epigenetic Regulation

A Novel Mutation Glyl672→Arg in Type 2A and a Homozygous Mutation in Type 2B von Willebrand Disease

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (02) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Hagiwara ◽  
Hiroshi Inaba ◽  
Shinichi Yoshida ◽  
Keiko Nagaizumi ◽  
Morio Arai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Missense Mutation ◽  
Novel Mutation ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Von Willebrand Disease ◽  
Homozygous Mutation ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Von Willebrand

SummaryGenetic materials from 16 unrelated Japanese patients with von Willebrand disease (vWD) were analyzed for mutations. Exon 28 of the von Willebrand factor (vWF) gene, where point mutations have been found most frequent, was screened by various restriction-enzyme analyses. Six patients were observed to have abnormal restriction patterns. By sequence analyses of the polymerase chain-reaction products, we identified a homozygous R1308C missense mutation in a patient with type 2B vWD; R1597W, R1597Q, G1609R and G1672R missense mutations in five patients with type 2A; and a G1659ter nonsense mutation in a patient with type 3 vWD. The G1672R was a novel missense mutation of the carboxyl-terminal end of the A2 domain. In addition, we detected an A/C polymorphism at nucleotide 4915 with HaeIII. There was no particular linkage disequilibrium of the A/C polymorphism, either with the G/A polymorphism at nucleotide 4391 detected with Hphl or with the C/T at 4891 detected with BstEll.

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