scholarly journals Integrated Assessment of Drought Impacts on Rural Areas: The Case of the Chapada Diamantina Region in Brazil

GeoHazards ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-453
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Rudge Ramos Ribeiro ◽  
Samia Nascimento Sulaiman ◽  
Stefan Sieber ◽  
Miguel Angel Trejo-Rangel ◽  
Juliana Fionda Campos
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Chapada Diamantina ◽  
Drought Impacts ◽  
Productivity Data ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Rural Producers

Drought is one of the most significant hazards that farmers face in rural areas. This study aims to examine an integrated assessment of the drought impacts in rural territories, considering the social perceptions related to the effects of natural hazards on health, social relations, income, and other impacts. The study area is located in the rural area of the Chapada Diamantina region in Northern Brazil. The characterization of the region was carried out based on historical meteorological and agricultural productivity data. The method used in this study was based on a survey of social perceptions regarding drought impacts by small rural producers through a participatory process. The results indicated how extreme events such as drought influence rural areas. In addition to agricultural productivity (~50%), aspects such as social migration and health problems were observed.

Integrated Assessment of Socio-Economic Development of Rural Areas, Taking into Account Differences in Population Density

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
N.N. Balashova ◽  
◽  
D.A. Korobeynikov ◽  
S.A. Popova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Socio Economic Development

Typologization of rural areas, taking into account differences in population density and level of socio-economic development, is necessary to identify “growth points” and strategic sustainability benchmarks. The method of integrated assessment of the level of socio-economic development of rural territories is proposed, according to which the grouping of Russian regions is carried out. Applying data on rural population density to the results of calculations allowed us to identify 12 typological groups, in the context of which unified recommendations on sustainable development of territories should be formed.

scholarly journals Conservation conditions of chainsaws and electric chainsaws and safety of the farmers who operate these machines

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 355-365
Author(s):  
Bruno Bortoluzzi Benetti ◽  
Catize Brandelero ◽  
Valmir Werner ◽  
Jaqueline Ottonelli ◽  
Rodrigo Pinto da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Otto Cycle ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Safety Equipment ◽  
Conservation Condition ◽  
Machine Safety ◽  
Rural Producers ◽  
Electronic Spreadsheet

The increasing use of chainsaws in rural areas has demanded the health of rural producers who operate these machines. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the conservation conditions of chainsaws with a 2-stroke Otto Cycle engine and check if they meet NR12 Annex V, as well as confirm whether users meet NR31 in terms of training for use. With the aid of a questionnaire and visits to farms, 103 chainsaws were verified in six municipalities in the central region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. After organizing the data in an electronic spreadsheet, descriptive statistics and canonical correlation were performed. The questions were divided into four groups, namely: operational, mandatory machine safety equipment, cutting set, and engine. The conservation condition of the machines was seen as worrisome. This is because it was found that 66.01% of machines did not have a saber guard and 49.51% of these were worn out. In addition, 97.08% of the producers did not take a chainsaw operation course, and 85.44% reported not using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), therefore, in disagreement with the NR6, NR12 Annex V, and NR31 standards. It was clear the need for the operators to carry out training on the safe use and handling of chainsaws.

Integrated Assessment: A Rural Model in Practice

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leona J. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Innovative Process ◽  
Key Factor

Integrated assessment in Victoria, Australia is held to be a new and innovative process, but in Gippsland, Victoria, integrated assessment has been a reality for the past four years. The purpose of this paper is to identify the elements of integrated assessment in a rural setting. The research has found that identifying the components of such a model was a key factor in achieving the ideals of integrated assessment. The paper suggests that integrated assessment may be more easily achieved in rural areas than its metropolitan counterparts.

scholarly journals Hunger and the Issue of Agricultural Productivity in Congo

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Mayéko Léon
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Large Majority ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Crucial Issue ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Agricultural Households ◽  
Household Members

In the Congo agricultural techniques of agricultural households base agricultural productivity on the physical aptitudes of the members of these households. In rural areas, however, the hunger affects a large majority of households, especially households headed by households in an agricultural industry. Improving agricultural productivity in this situation is a crucial issue as household members no longer consume the required calories.Ordinary least squares regression has yielded results that indicate that an increase in the number of undernourished people has a negative impact on agricultural productivity.

Locating the locale of local food: The importance of context, space and social relations

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brídín E. Carroll ◽  
Frances Fahy
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Food System ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

AbstractLocalization is one process/outcome that is proffered as key to the ‘grand challenges’ that currently face the food system. Consumers are attributed much agency in this potential transformation, being encouraged from all levels of society to exert their consumer muscle by buying local food. However, due to the social construction of scale it cannot be said that ‘local food’ is a definite entity and consumers understand the term ‘local food’ differently depending on their geographic and social context. As such, the research upon which this paper is based aimed to provide a nuanced understanding of how consumers in the particular spatial and social contexts of urban and rural Ireland understood the concept of ‘local food’. A specific objective was to test the theory that these consumers may have fallen into the ‘local trap’ by unquestioningly associating food from a spatially proximate place with positive characteristics. A three-phase mixed methodology was undertaken with a sample of consumers dwelling in urban and rural areas in both Dublin and Galway, Ireland: 1000 householders were surveyed; 6 focus group discussions took place; and 28 semi-structured interviews were carried out. The results presented in this paper indicate that for most participants in this study, spatial proximity is the main parameter against which the ‘localness’ of food is measured. Also, it was found that participants held multiple meanings of local food and there was a degree of fluidity in their understandings of the term. The results from the case study regions highlight how participants’ understandings of local food changed depending on the food in question and its availability. However, the paper also indicates that as consumers move from one place to another, the meaning of local food becomes highly elastic. The meaning is stretched or contracted according to the perceived availability of food, greater or lesser connections to the local producer community and the relative geographic size of participants’ locations. Our analysis of findings from all three phases of this research revealed a difference in understandings of local food among participants resident in urban and rural areas: participants dwelling in rural areas were more likely than those in urban areas to define local food according to narrower spatial limits. The paper concludes with an overview of the practical and theoretical significance of these results in addressing the current dearth of research exploring the meaning of local food for consumers and suggests avenues for future research.

Understanding Variation in Prehistoric Agricultural Productivity: The Importance of Distinguishing among Potential, Available, and Consumptive Yields

2001 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sissel Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Productivity Data ◽  
Maize Yields ◽  
Agricultural Yield ◽  
Maize Kernels

Based on a model derived from an analysis of contemporary maize yields in Tennessee, Baden and Beekman claim that Mississippian yields would have ranged between 8 bu/acre (501.7 kg/ha) and 30 bu/acre (1,881.3 kg/ha). Using nineteenth-century observations of Native American farmers, I noted in 1999 that available maize yields ranged between 3.7 and 42.67 bu/acre (232.1 to 2,676.3 kg/ha), with a mean of 18.9 bu/acre (1,185.4 kg/ha) for groups that did not have plows. Consumptive yields would have been lower, probably closer to an average of 10 bu/acre (627.2 kg/ha). In this paper, I clarify the differences between potential yields, available yields to illustrate the advantages of my approach. I discuss some factors that affect maize plants prior to harvest, leading to available yields that may be lower than potential yields, and conditions that reduce the quantity of maize kernels available for consumption after the harvest. Baden and Beekman argue that modern agricultural technology provides a more reasonable baseline analog for modeling ancient maize productivity than nineteenth-century Native American technologies. In contrast, I explore agricultural yield data for Native Americans and Euroamericans from a number of tribes and states for 1850, 1867, and 1878. A comparison of these data shows that, overall, yields obtained by Native American farmers tend to be lower than yields for contemporaneous Euroamerican farmers. My approach using agricultural productivity data from nineteenth-century Native Americans, coupled with a consideration of potential, available, and consumptive yields, provides a plausible foundation for the evaluation of late prehistoric yields.

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