scholarly journals Effects of Artificial Sweat Formulation and Extraction Temperature on Estimation of the Dermal Bioaccessibility of Potentially Toxic Elements in a Contaminated Soil from an E-Waste Recycling Site

Geosciences ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Oluwaseun H. Anselm ◽  
Christine M. Davidson ◽  
Aderonke O. Oyeyiola ◽  
Temilola O. Oluseyi
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Dermal Absorption ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Artificial Sweat

Informal recycling of electronic waste leads to soil contamination that can impact human health. To accurately assess exposure to potentially toxic elements (PTE) in soil it is necessary to consider their bioavailability through ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact. However, bioaccessibility tests that estimate dermal absorption following adhesion of contaminated soil particles to skin are not well established. In this study the concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were estimated in the <45 µm particle size fraction of a bulk composite soil from an e-waste recycling site using five different artificial sweat formulations. Extractions were performed at temperatures ranging from 17 to 47 °C to investigate the effect of ambient temperature on bioaccessibility. Results obtained using the different artificial sweats were not consistent with one another. In particular, the NIHS 96-10 formulation solubilized larger amounts of analytes (ranging from 6.3 times the next most effective extractant for Cu to 1700 times the next most effective for Pb). There was a general increase in release of PTE with increasing temperature, except for As. Although trends varied between analytes and formulations, this highlights the need to consider ambient temperature when estimating dermal bioaccessibility of PTE in soil.

scholarly journals Treatment of Soil Contaminated by Mining Activities to Prevent Contamination by Encapsulation in Ceramic Construction Materials

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6740
Author(s):  
Juan María Terrones-Saeta ◽  
Jorge Suárez-Macías ◽  
Antonio Bernardo-Sánchez ◽  
Laura Álvarez de Prado ◽  
Marta Menéndez Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Material ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mining District ◽  
Different Soils

Mining is an essential activity for obtaining materials necessary for the well-being and development of society. However, this activity produces important environmental impacts that must be controlled. More specifically, there are different soils near new or abandoned mining productions that have been contaminated with potentially toxic elements, and currently represent an important environmental problem. In this research, a contaminated soil from the mining district of Linares was studied for its use as a raw material for the conforming of ceramic materials, bricks, dedicated to construction. Firstly, the contaminated soil was chemically and physically characterized in order to evaluate its suitability. Subsequently, different families of samples were conformed with different percentages of clay and contaminated soil. Finally, the conformed ceramics were physically and mechanically characterized to examine the variation produced in the ceramic material by the incorporation of the contaminated soil. In addition, in this research, leachate tests were performed according to the TCLP method determining whether encapsulation of potentially toxic elements in the soil occurs. The results showed that all families of ceramic materials have acceptable physical properties, with a soil percentage of less than 80% being acceptable to obtain adequate mechanical properties and a maximum of 70% of contaminated soil to obtain acceptable leachate according to EPA regulations. Therefore, the maximum percentage of contaminated soil that can be incorporated into the ceramic material is 70% in order to comply with all standards. Consequently, this research not only avoids the contamination that contaminated soil can produce, but also valorizes this element as a raw material for new materials, avoiding the extraction of clay and reducing the environmental impact.

Removal of potentially toxic elements from contaminated soil and water using bone char compared to plant- and bone-derived biochars: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 128131
Author(s):  
Muhammad Azeem ◽  
Sabry M. Shaheen ◽  
Amjad Ali ◽  
Parimala G.S.A. Jeyasundar ◽  
Abdul Latif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Bone Char ◽  
Soil And Water

Transfer of heavy metals to plants in technosols remediated with calcareous residues.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Pérez-Sirvent ◽  
Maria Jose Martinez-Sanchez ◽  
Salvadora Martinez-Lopez ◽  
Ines Agudo ◽  
Jaime Bech
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Limestone Filler ◽  
Transfer Factors ◽  
Reference Soil ◽  
Vegetable Soil ◽  
High Concentrations

&lt;p&gt;When dealing with restoration and remediation projects of zones contaminated by waste and activities derived from mining operations, all the aspects that affect the neighbouring areas dedicated to the cultivation of vegetables are especially relevant, and should be carefully considered. According to previous studies carried out, the areas of mining influence affect to a very different extent the bordering areas depending not only of the characteristics of the soil but also of the type of mining activity that was developed, and so of the primary mineralogy involved, and even of the particular type of vegetable that is being cultivated. The diversity and complexity of these factors suggest the convenient of studying the process by clarifying the mechanisms of transfer of potentially toxic elements from the soil to the biotic environment, with the soil-plant-biotic chain sequence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this work an experimental study was carried out with this purpose making use of experiments carried out at the greenhouse scale in order to find a model that could clarify the processes that could take place in restored soils.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Construction and demolition residues (CDRs) as well as other residues containing high concentrations in limestone filler were used to prepare technosols, and the transfer factors (TF) and bioconcentration factors (BCF) of potentially toxic elements were measured for the selected plant species (chard and broccoli). In this way, in addition to the soil remediation, benefit can be obtained of the re-valorization of such type of &amp;#160;easily available, low cost residues. For the realization of the tests in the greenhouse, four technosols were prepared and experiments were planned in duplicate, which constituted eight experimental units, each one containing 21 large pots disposed in such a way that leachates were poured in the same storing tank. &amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The technosols were prepared as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Vegetable soil or reference soil. (T1)&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Contaminated soil: 50% reference soil + 50% mine residue (T2).&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Amended Land 1: 75% contaminated soil + 25% CDR (T3).&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Amended soil 2: 75% contaminated soil + 25% Limestone filler (T4).&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A statistical study was carried out to evaluate the relationships between the levels of potentially toxic elements (Pb and Cd) found in rhizospheres and root contents and the levels present in the technosols prepared. Conclusions could be obtained as regards &amp;#160;the mobility of &amp;#160;these elements, the characteristics of the technosols and the type of cultivation. The data allows a model to be outlined that could be translated at a higher scale for an effective remediation of large zones.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

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