scholarly journals The Red and Orange Complex Subgingival Microbiome of Cognitive Impairment and Cognitively Normal Elderly with Periodontitis

Geriatrics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Fatimah Maria Tadjoedin ◽  
Sri Lelyati C. Masulili ◽  
Muhammad Ihsan Rizal ◽  
Lindawati S. Kusdhany ◽  
Yuda Turana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Subgingival Microbiota

Increasing evidence has shown an association between periodontitis and cognitive impairment. Subgingival microbiota play a great role in periodontitis pathogenesis. However, the correlation between the subgingival microbiome and cognitive impairment remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the red and orange complex subgingival microbiome of cognitively impaired and cognitively normal elderly Indonesian subjects with periodontitis. Twenty-eight elderly subjects diagnosed with periodontitis underwent two cognitive examinations using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test and the Mini-Mental State Examination. Gingival crevicular fluid taken from the periodontal pocket, at a depth between 5 and 7 mm, using a paper point was used as the subgingival samples. The subgingival microbiome in the cognitive impairment group (n = 14) and cognitively normal group (n = 14) was compared using the 16S rRNA Metagenomic iSeq™ 100 Sequencing System. There was β-diversity in the subgingival microbiota between the cognitively impaired and cognitively normal subjects. The metagenomic analysis showed a higher abundance of Porphyromonas and Treponema bacteria in the cognitive impairment group than in the normal cognitive group (p < 0.05). The abundance of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola was higher in the cognitively impaired elderly subjects. The role of P. gingivalis and T. denticola in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment needs further investigation.

scholarly journals Early Emergence of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Cognitively Normal Subjects and Mild Cognitive Impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
Keiichiro Tsunoda ◽  
Toru Yamashita ◽  
Yosuke Osakada ◽  
Ryo Sasaki ◽  
Koh Tadokoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Early Emergence ◽  
Cognitively Normal Subjects

scholarly journals The Risk of Incident Mild Cognitive Impairment and Progression to Dementia Considering Mild Cognitive Impairment Subtypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzeyu L. Michaud ◽  
Dejun Su ◽  
Mohammad Siahpush ◽  
Daniel L. Murman
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Apoe Ε4 ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Ε4 Allele ◽  
Cognitively Normal Subjects

Background: It remains unclear how demographic and clinical characteristics are related to the risk of incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by its subtypes. Moreover, the contribution of the subtypes of incident MCI to the progression to dementia remains puzzling. Methods: We used data collected by the National Alzheimer Coordinating Center. Our analysis sample included cognitively normal subjects at baseline. The associations were examined using competing-risks survival regression models and Cox proportional hazards models. Results: About 16.3% of subjects developed incident MCI of whom 15.8% progressed to Alz­heimer disease (overall mean follow-up of 4.3 years). The risk of incident amnestic MCI (aMCI) was greater in subjects with 1 copy (subhazard ratio [SHR]: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.00–1.50) or 2 copies (SHR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.49–3.05) of the APOE ε4 allele than in those who had no ε4 allele. Multiple-domain aMCI patients were more likely to progress to dementia than single-domain aMCI patients (hazard ratio: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.28–3.58). Conclusions: Cognitively normal subjects with an APOE ε4 allele had a higher likelihood of developing aMCI and the MCI subtype was associated with the dementia subtype. Our findings provide important information about practical indicators for the prediction of cognitive decline.

P3-013: Relationship of depression, apathy, cognitive impairment and medial temporal atrophy in cognitively impaired and nonimpaired elderly subjects

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. T520-T520
Author(s):  
Maria Greig ◽  
Elizabeth Potter ◽  
Jason Appel ◽  
Warren Barker ◽  
Ashok Raj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Relationship Of

Cerebral Vasomotor Reactivity in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-202
Author(s):  
Tsubasa Tomoto ◽  
Takashi Tarumi ◽  
Jason Chen ◽  
Evan P. Pasha ◽  
C. Munro Cullum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Logical Memory ◽  
Vasomotor Reactivity ◽  
Cerebral Vasomotor Reactivity

Background: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is sensitive to changes in arterial CO2, referred to as cerebral vasomotor reactivity (CVMR). Whether CVMR is altered in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), a prodromal stage of Alzheimer disease (AD), is unclear. Objective: To determine whether CVMR is altered in aMCI and is associated with cognitive performance. Methods: Fifty-three aMCI patients aged 55 to 80 and 22 cognitively normal subjects (CN) of similar age, sex, and education underwent measurements of CBF velocity (CBFV) with transcranial Doppler and end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) with capnography during hypocapnia (hyperventilation) and hypercapnia (rebreathing). Arterial pressure (BP) was measured to calculate cerebrovascular conductance (CVCi) to normalize the effect of changes in BP on CVMR assessment. Cognitive function was assessed with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and neuropsychological tests focused on memory (Logical Memory, California Verbal Learning Test) and executive function (Delis-Kaplan Executive Function Scale; DKEFS). Results: At rest, CBFV and MMSE did not differ between groups. CVMR was reduced by 13% in CBFV% and 21% in CVCi% during hypocapnia and increased by 22% in CBFV% and 20% in CVCi% during hypercapnia in aMCI when compared to CN (all p < 0.05). Logical Memory recall scores were positively correlated with hypocapnia (r = 0.283, r = 0.322, p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with hypercapnic CVMR measured in CVCi% (r = –0.347, r = –0.446, p < 0.01). Similar correlations were observed in D-KEFS Trail Making scores. Conclusion: Altered CVMR in aMCI and its associations with cognitive performance suggests the presence of cerebrovascular dysfunction in older adults who have high risks for AD.

Hearing Loss and Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Findings from the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Heywood ◽  
Qi Gao ◽  
Ma Shwe Zin Nyunt ◽  
Lei Feng ◽  
Mei Sian Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Cognitively Normal

Aim: To investigate the associations between hearing loss and prevalent and incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia and MCI or dementia (all cases). Methods: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of baseline and follow-up data were performed in a population-based cohort. The baseline sample of 2,599 adults aged ≥55 included 1,515 cognitively normal subjects who were followed up to 8 years. Hearing loss at baseline was determined by the whispered voice test, and MCI and dementia by Mini-Mental State Examination screening, Clinical Dementia Rating scale, neurocognitive tests, MRI, and panel consensus diagnosis. Results: Hearing impairment was associated with increased prevalence of dementia (odds ratio = 3.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-11.4, p = 0.027) but not MCI alone or all cases of MCI or dementia, adjusted for sex, age, ethnicity, education, central obesity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, alcohol, leisure time activity, cardiac diseases, and depressive symptoms. Among participants who were cognitively normal at baseline, those with hearing impairment were more likely to develop MCI or dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.30, 95% CI 1.08-4.92, p = 0.032). Hearing loss was associated with elevated but statistically nonsignificant estimates of adjusted HR (1.85, 95% CI 0.78-4.40) for incident MCI alone. Conclusions: Hearing loss is independently associated with prevalent dementia and incident MCI or dementia.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Tau Deposition with [18F]PI-2620 by Using a Semiquantitative Method in Cognitively Normal Subjects and Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Attapon Jantarato ◽  
Sira Vachatimanont ◽  
Natphimol Boonkawin ◽  
Sukanya Yaset ◽  
Anchisa Kunawudhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Standardized Uptake Value ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Semiquantitative Analysis ◽  
Cognitively Normal

Background. Some studies have reported the effectiveness of [18F]PI-2620 as an effective tau-binding radiotracer; however, few reports have applied semiquantitative analysis to the tracer. Therefore, this study’s aim was to perform a semiquantitative analysis of [18F]PI-2620 in individuals with normal cognition and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods. Twenty-six cognitively normal (CN) subjects, 7 patients with AD, and 36 patients with MCI were enrolled. A dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) scan was performed 30–75 min postinjection. PET and T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were coregistered. The standardized uptake value ratio (SUVr) was used for semiquantitative analysis. The P-Mod software was applied to create volumes of interest. The ANOVA and post hoc Tukey HSD were used for statistical analysis. Results. In the AD group, the occipital lobe had a significantly higher mean SUVr ( 1.46 ± 0.57 ) than in the CN and MCI groups. Compared with the CN group, the AD group showed significantly higher mean SUVr in the fusiform gyrus ( 1.06 ± 0.09 vs. 1.49 ± 0.86 ), inferior temporal ( 1.07 ± 0.07 vs. 1.46 ± 0.08 ), parietal lobe, lingual gyrus, and precuneus regions. Similarly, the AD group demonstrated a higher mean SUVr than the MCI group in the precuneus, lingual, inferior temporal, fusiform, supramarginal, orbitofrontal, and superior temporal regions. The remaining observed regions, including the striatum, basal ganglia, thalamus, and white matter, showed a low SUVr across all groups with no statistically significant differences. Conclusion. A significantly higher mean SUVr of [18F]PI-2620 was observed in the AD group; a significant area of the brain in the AD group demonstrated tau protein deposit in concordance with Braak Stages III–V, providing useful information to differentiate AD from CN and MCI. Moreover, the low SUVr in the deep striatum and thalamus could be useful for excluding primary tauopathies.

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