scholarly journals Organic Amendment and Mulching Enhanced the Growth and Fruit Quality of Squash Plants (Cucurbita pepo L.) Grown on Silty Loam Soils

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ahmed Youssef ◽  
Arwa Abdulkreem AL-Huqail ◽  
Esmat F. Ali ◽  
Ali Majrashi
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Available N ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
Wheat Straw Mulch ◽  
Soil Wheat

Adoption of suitable organic fertilizers and soil mulching are useful tools to enhance soil quality, which will inevitably lead to improved growth and yield of crops. Little is known about the soil organic amendments and Azolla (Azolla pinnata) under soil organic mulching on the growth and yield of squash plant (Cucurbita pepo L.). A comparative study mainly focused on the impacts of organic fertilizer treatments on soil fertility and squash growth under wheat straw mulch was conducted on wooden boxes filled with silty loam soil. Wheat straw, as an organic mulch, and five organic-fertilization treatments were added to the soil. Wheat straw with a size of <2 cm was added to the soil surface with a 2 cm thickness. The fertilization treatments were: control (CO), chemical fertilizer (CF), compost (CT), vermicompost (VC), and dry Azolla (DA). Wheat straw mulch had positive effects on the soil properties, growth, and yield. The maximum fruit yield was obtained from the soil fertilized with DA under wheat straw mulch, while the lowest one was found in the control without mulching. Azolla and organic fertilizers showed a remarkable superiority over the mineral fertilization in increasing the soil fertility as well as the growth and quality of squash fruits; this superiority increased under the wheat straw mulching system. The application of recommended mineral fertilization (CF), compost (CT), vermicompost (VC), and dry Azolla (DA) under wheat straw mulch increased the soil available-N by 2, 20, 12, and 29%, respectively, above the control (CO), while these organic fertilizers without mulching increased the soil available-N by 11, 32, 26, and 48%, respectively. The production of vegetable crops such as squash plants requires the addition of organic fertilizers and mulching to increase yield and quality of fruits.

Influence of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Straw Mulch and Metolachlor on Corn (Zea mays) Growth and Yield

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail A. Wicks ◽  
Don A. Crutchfield ◽  
Orvin C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Wheat Straw Mulch

The presence of wheat straw mulch in no-tillage systems can increase corn yields in the central Great Plains, but information is needed on the optimal mulch level and the toxicity of metolachlor on corn growth. Research was conducted to determine the effect of winter wheat straw mulch levels of 0, 1.7, 3.4, 5.1, and 6.8 t ha–1and metolachlor rates of 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5X-rates on corn growth and yield in a winter wheat-ecofallow-corn-fallow rotation at three locations across Nebraska. Response of corn to different mulch levels and metolachlor rates varied with climate and location. In general, early corn growth was retarded by increasing amounts of mulch due to reduced soil temperatures, but after tasseling corn grew taller under increasing mulch levels because of increased soil moisture. Soil water content, kernel moisture at harvest, stover dry matter, total dry matter, ears per plant, and kernel weight increased with increasing mulch level. Corn grain yield reached a maximum at a mulch level of 5.1 t ha–1. Kernel weight, kernel number, and grain yield increased with higher mulch levels and 0.5 and 1.0X metolachlor rates as weed competition was reduced, but decreased at the 1.5X-rate of metolachlor due to corn injury. Lack of sufficient growing degree-days to compensate for lower soil temperatures or corn injury reduced corn yields at the higher mulch levels and 1.5X-rate of metolachlor in west-central and western Nebraska. From a practical standpoint, a mulch level of 3.4 to 5.1 t ha–1and a metolachlor rate near the X-rate should increase corn yield (14 to 15%) over unmulched corn in the central Great Plains.

Soil temperature, growth and yield of maize (Zea maysL.) as affected by wheat straw mulch

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajmer Singh Sidhu ◽  
Nirmal Kaur Sekhon ◽  
Sukhwinder Singh Thind ◽  
Gurdev Singh Hira
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Wheat Straw Mulch

scholarly journals Investigations on effectiveness of wheat and rice straw mulches on moisture retention in potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
pp. 345-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalit Goel ◽  
Vijay Shankar ◽  
R. K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Moisture Retention ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Wheat Straw Mulch ◽  
Soil Moisture Retention ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Purpose Mulching is a practice recommended for soil moisture conservation in potato. The wheat straw and rice straw obtained as major crop residues were used as mulching materials to compare their effectiveness for soil moisture retention in potato crop. Methods The field experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design replicated thrice with three treatments viz. plots incorporated with wheat straw mulch, rice straw mulch at the rate of 10 tonnes per hectare each and no mulch serving as control. The soil moisture was determined using a soil moisture probe and data were recorded daily at 10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm soil depths. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to investigate moisture retention characteristics of the mulch materials. Results Soil moisture retention varied as wheat straw mulch > rice straw mulch > no mulch at 10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm soil depths, respectively. Highest moisture retention in wheat straw mulch at 10 cm depth is attributed to better moisture absorption ability of wheat straw in comparison to rice straw. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope images indicated the presence of smaller sized micro tubes in wheat straw than rice straw, which resulted in more water retention, thereby substantiating the findings of the study. Conclusion Wheat straw mulch is more effective than rice straw mulch for shallow rooted crops like potato, due to better moisture absorption and retention in upper soil layer.

The Effect of Straw Mulch on Simulated Simazine Leaching and Runoff

Weed Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linjian Jiang ◽  
Imed Dami ◽  
Hannah M. Mathers ◽  
Warren A. Dick ◽  
Doug Doohan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Effective Practice ◽  
Midwestern United States ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Wheat Straw Mulch

In the Midwestern United States, winter hilling, consisting of two tillage activities per year, is required in vinifera-grape vineyards for winter protection. However, this practice often leads to severe soil erosion and pesticide offsite movement. The effectiveness of wheat straw mulch as a replacement for soil mounding was investigated as a way of providing winter protection and to mitigate pesticide leaching and runoff. A laboratory experiment was conducted where simazine was applied to wheat straw or bare soil and then followed by simulated rainfalls. When compared with bare soil, straw reduced simazine leaching and runoff by 40 and 68%, respectively. Adsorption or interception, or both, of simazine by straw were responsible for this effect. Additionally, straw reduced soil erosion by 95% and would largely reduce simazine runoff associated with sediment displacement. The first simulated rainfall contributed 70 and 34% of total simazine runoff from bare soil and straw, respectively. In conclusion, mulching with straw during winter months to provide winter protection could be an effective practice for controlling simazine offsite movement and soil erosion in vinifera vineyards.

scholarly journals Effect of Tillage and Organic Mulches on Growth, Yield and Quality of Autumn Planted Maize (Zea Mays L.) and Soil Physical Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S.I. Zamir ◽  
H.M.R. Javeed ◽  
W. Ahmed ◽  
A.U.H. Ahmed ◽  
N. Sarwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Saw Dust ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Wheat Straw Mulch

Abstract The research work was conducted to see the effect of organic mulches and tillage practices on growth, yield and quality of autumn planted maize and soil physical properties. Four types of tillage practices i.e. conventional tillage, zero tillage, bar harrow tillage, subsoiler tillage and two types of mulching material i.e. wheat straw mulch and saw dust mulch was used. The mulching material was partially incorporated in the field after germination of crop. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Control treatment was kept for comparison. All other practices were kept uniform throughout the crop period. Data about growth and yield components were collected and analyzed statistically by fisher analysis of variance and treatment significance was measured by significant difference test at 5v% level. The results showed that zero tillage + wheat straw mulch gave maximum 1000-grain weight (341.67 g) and grain yield (6.33 t ha-1) and it was followed by conventional tillage + saw dust mulch (4.92 t ha-1). Higher protein content was recorded in Subsoiler tillage (10.26 %). Conducive soil physical conditions were observed in the zero tillage practices over the other tillage practices. On the basis of these results it could be proposed that the tillage and mulching is a very important practice to increase the yield of crop. Among different practices, zero tillage with wheat straw mulching gave maximum yield and net benefits.

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