Influence of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Straw Mulch and Metolachlor on Corn (Zea mays) Growth and Yield

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail A. Wicks ◽  
Don A. Crutchfield ◽  
Orvin C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Wheat Straw Mulch

The presence of wheat straw mulch in no-tillage systems can increase corn yields in the central Great Plains, but information is needed on the optimal mulch level and the toxicity of metolachlor on corn growth. Research was conducted to determine the effect of winter wheat straw mulch levels of 0, 1.7, 3.4, 5.1, and 6.8 t ha–1and metolachlor rates of 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5X-rates on corn growth and yield in a winter wheat-ecofallow-corn-fallow rotation at three locations across Nebraska. Response of corn to different mulch levels and metolachlor rates varied with climate and location. In general, early corn growth was retarded by increasing amounts of mulch due to reduced soil temperatures, but after tasseling corn grew taller under increasing mulch levels because of increased soil moisture. Soil water content, kernel moisture at harvest, stover dry matter, total dry matter, ears per plant, and kernel weight increased with increasing mulch level. Corn grain yield reached a maximum at a mulch level of 5.1 t ha–1. Kernel weight, kernel number, and grain yield increased with higher mulch levels and 0.5 and 1.0X metolachlor rates as weed competition was reduced, but decreased at the 1.5X-rate of metolachlor due to corn injury. Lack of sufficient growing degree-days to compensate for lower soil temperatures or corn injury reduced corn yields at the higher mulch levels and 1.5X-rate of metolachlor in west-central and western Nebraska. From a practical standpoint, a mulch level of 3.4 to 5.1 t ha–1and a metolachlor rate near the X-rate should increase corn yield (14 to 15%) over unmulched corn in the central Great Plains.

scholarly journals Effect of different mulching materials on weed dynamics and yield of direct seeded rice in Chitwan, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Gaire ◽  
KR Dahal ◽  
LP Amgain
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Wheat Straw Mulch

An experiment was carried out at farmers' field to compare the effects of live mulches and herbicide on weed growth and dynamics, yield, and economic performance of direct seeded rice under humid sub-tropical condition at Phulbari, Chitwan in 2009. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design with eight treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of i) control, ii) three hand weeding, iii) herbicide application (bispyribac sodium @ 80 ml/ha) + one hand weeding, iv) wheat straw mulch @ 5t/ha + one hand weeding, v) Eupatorium mulch @ 5t/ha + one hand weeding, vi) brown manuring with Sesbania aculeata @ 30 kg/ha, vii) brown manuring with Sesamum indicum @ 2kg/ha, and viii) brown manuring with Crotolaria juncea @ 30 kg/ha. Weed dry matter accumulation was significantly lower with herbicide application (1.15 g/m2) than wheat straw mulch (6.75 g/m2). The treatments with brown manuring and Eupatorium mulch were found to be equally effective in suppressing the weed growth by reducing both dry matter content and weed density. Application of Eupatorium mulch one day after sowing produced significantly higher grain yield (3.5 t/ha) than control (1.77 t/ha), Sesamum brown manuring (2.97 t/ha) and wheat straw mulch (2.83 t/ha). Yield attributes like effective tillers/m2, panicle length and panicle weight were positively correlated with grain yield (r = 0.540, 0.705, 0.531 and 0.613 respectively). The net profit (Rs. 63.17 x 1000/ha) obtained from the treatment with Eupatorium mulch was higher than other tested treatments. Eupatorium mulch and herbicide application recorded equal benefit cost ratio of 2.4. Cultivation of direct seeded rice with the application of Eupatorium mulch or brown manuring (BM) of Sesamum was found effective for increasing yield and net returns in humid subtropical condition of Chitwan. Live mulching could be an eco-friendly weed control options in DSR. The BM option also provides crop residue for the addition of organic matter. This result suggests that BM is a potential alternative of herbicide application. Either mulching with Eupatorium and wheat straw or growing of Sesbania and Crotolaria as BM with rice up to 30 DAS are advisable to increase productivity with reduced cost of production at Chitwan and similar condition. Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 3. 2013, Page 73-81 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v3i0.9008

Soil temperature, growth and yield of maize (Zea maysL.) as affected by wheat straw mulch

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajmer Singh Sidhu ◽  
Nirmal Kaur Sekhon ◽  
Sukhwinder Singh Thind ◽  
Gurdev Singh Hira
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Wheat Straw Mulch

Effect of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Straw Mulch Level on Weed Control

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. Crutchfield ◽  
Gail A. Wicks ◽  
Orvin C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
No Till ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
Wheat Straw Mulch

Research was conducted to determine the effect of winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) straw mulch level on weed control in a winter wheat-ecofallow corn (Zea maysL.)-fallow rotation at North Platte and Sidney, NE, in 1981 and 1982. Wheat straw mulch was established at 0, 1.7, 3.4, 5.1, and 6.8 Mg/ha in stubble fields. After application of 1.5 times the recommended rate at corn planting, metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] concentration remained higher in unmulched soil than in mulched soil for more than 4 months, due to interception of metolachlor by the mulch. Even though the amount of metolachlor in the soil was reduced by mulch, weed control was not reduced and increased with increasing mulch level. Thus, increasing metolachlor rate was not necessary to maintain adequate weed control in no-till winter wheat stubble since mulch itself provided some measure of weed control.

scholarly journals Improving Garlic Using Wheat Straw Mulch

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 611b-611
Author(s):  
Angela M. O'Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Wheat Straw Mulch ◽  
Research Facilities

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has been cultivated in much of the world for millennia. Little scientific research, however, has focused on improving cultural conditions for production in the temperate regions of the northeastern United States, where garlic is gaining importance as a horticultural crop. To study the effectiveness of wheat straw (Triticum aestivum) mulch on garlic, experiments were conducted at the Cornell Univ. research facilities in East Ithaca, N.Y., during the 1993–94 (year 1) and 1994–95 (year 2) growing seasons and at the Homer C. Thompson Vegetable Research Farm, Freeville, N.Y., during the 1994–95 growing season. Two clones, one bolting and one nonbolting, were studied in year 1, and four varieties, three bolting and one non bolting, in year 2. All were fall-planted (mid-October), and mulch treatments were covered with wheat straw early in the following December. Control plots were not covered. The mulch either remained on the crop throughout the growing season or was removed early in the spring to expedite soil warming. This is the common practice among growers who use mulch only for winter protection. The presence of mulch during the winter increased the survival rate. Soil temperatures under the wheat straw were significantly lower during the summer than soil temperatures in unmulched plots, which could have contributed to the increase found in the yield and average bulb size of several of the cultivars. Maintaining the mulch through the entire growing season reduced weed pressure >30%. We found no significant increase in the amount of basal fungal infection. The results indicate that using straw mulch can improve garlic produced in the northeastern United States.

Effect of Different Sowing Techniques and Mulches on the Growth and Yield Behavior of Spring Planted Maize (Zea Mays L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S.I. Zamir ◽  
G. Yasin ◽  
H.M.R. Javeed ◽  
A.U.H. Ahmad ◽  
A. Tanveer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Tropical Condition ◽  
Straw Mulch

Abstract A field trail was carried out to evaluate the effect of different sowing techniques and mulches on the growth and yield attributes of maize. The experiment was conducted at the Agronomic Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during spring season, 2011. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement having three replications with net plot size of 7.0 m × 4.5 m. Field experiment comprised of five sowing methods (S1: ridge sowing, S2: ridge sowing alternate double sided, S3: bed sowing, S4: furrow sowing and S5 flat sowing) and three mulches (M1: maize pith, M2: wheat straw, M3: rice straw) was conducted during 2011 spring season under the tropical condition. The results showed that cobs length, cob diameter, and number of grains per cob, 1000-grain weight, biological yield and grain yield were maximum under ridge sowing method (S1) following the ridge sowing alternate double sided (S2). Furrow sowing shows least response to the agronomic and yield related parameters of spring maize. Among the mulch treatments; wheat straw mulch (M2) perform better and gave higher grain yield (6.21 Mg ha-1) as compared to the rice straw mulch and maize pith. Sowing techniques and mulches showed statistically non significant results for quality parameters (starch contents, oil contents and protein contents). Interaction of all three quality parameters was also observed non significant.

scholarly journals Organic Amendment and Mulching Enhanced the Growth and Fruit Quality of Squash Plants (Cucurbita pepo L.) Grown on Silty Loam Soils

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ahmed Youssef ◽  
Arwa Abdulkreem AL-Huqail ◽  
Esmat F. Ali ◽  
Ali Majrashi
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Available N ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
Wheat Straw Mulch ◽  
Soil Wheat

Adoption of suitable organic fertilizers and soil mulching are useful tools to enhance soil quality, which will inevitably lead to improved growth and yield of crops. Little is known about the soil organic amendments and Azolla (Azolla pinnata) under soil organic mulching on the growth and yield of squash plant (Cucurbita pepo L.). A comparative study mainly focused on the impacts of organic fertilizer treatments on soil fertility and squash growth under wheat straw mulch was conducted on wooden boxes filled with silty loam soil. Wheat straw, as an organic mulch, and five organic-fertilization treatments were added to the soil. Wheat straw with a size of <2 cm was added to the soil surface with a 2 cm thickness. The fertilization treatments were: control (CO), chemical fertilizer (CF), compost (CT), vermicompost (VC), and dry Azolla (DA). Wheat straw mulch had positive effects on the soil properties, growth, and yield. The maximum fruit yield was obtained from the soil fertilized with DA under wheat straw mulch, while the lowest one was found in the control without mulching. Azolla and organic fertilizers showed a remarkable superiority over the mineral fertilization in increasing the soil fertility as well as the growth and quality of squash fruits; this superiority increased under the wheat straw mulching system. The application of recommended mineral fertilization (CF), compost (CT), vermicompost (VC), and dry Azolla (DA) under wheat straw mulch increased the soil available-N by 2, 20, 12, and 29%, respectively, above the control (CO), while these organic fertilizers without mulching increased the soil available-N by 11, 32, 26, and 48%, respectively. The production of vegetable crops such as squash plants requires the addition of organic fertilizers and mulching to increase yield and quality of fruits.

EFFECTS OF VARIOUS QUANTITIES OF STRAW MULCH ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF SPRING AND WINTER WHEAT

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Anderson ◽  
G. C. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Average Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
Morning Temperature ◽  
Wheat Straw Mulch ◽  
Temperature Depression

The effects of applying a wheat straw mulch at various rates to a trash-free summerfallow field immediately after seeding spring and winter wheat were studied for 9 years. Rates of 4000 and 5000 lb or more per acre significantly depressed mean yields of spring and winter wheat, respectively. Straw at rates of 4000 to 5000 lb completely shaded the soil surface when spread uniformly. Higher rates delayed maturity up to 4 to 6 days, shortened height of plants, occasionally lowered nitrate production, and had a negligible effect on plant population and percentage protein of the grain. Each 1000-lb increment of bright straw depressed the late-morning temperature in the 4- to 8-in. depth of soil by an average value of 0.51° F during the early growth period. The depression increased with the season to a value of 0.65° F by mid-June and then decreased to a value of 0.25° F by mid-July, when the crop, in the headed-out stage, almost completely shaded the soil surface.A quantity of mulch up to 4000 lb per acre can be used without deleterious effects on the crop. Quantities of 4000 lb or more should be managed so that the soil temperature depression associated with complete shading of the soil is avoided.

scholarly journals Growth and yield performance of soybean with the application of Bradyrhyzobium inoculant via furrow and seed

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2387
Author(s):  
Santiel Alves Vieira Neto ◽  
Fábio Ribeiro Pires ◽  
João Carlos Madalão ◽  
Douglas Gomes Viana ◽  
Carlos César Evangelista de Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Dry Matter Weight

Given the high costs of agricultural production, especially due to the price of fertilisers, particularly nitrogen, the use of inoculants to supply nitrogen to soybean crops is a widely recommended practice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of applying inoculants through seed and planting furrow in soil previously cultivated with soybean and Brazilian native “cerrado” biome soil under greenhouse conditions. Seven treatments were tested: 1) inoculation via seed (inoculant + fungicide + micronutrient), 2) treatment via seed (fungicide + micronutrient), 3) control (only seed), 4) inoculation via furrow-dose 1 (recommended dose), 5) inoculation via furrow-dose 2 (twice the recommended dose), 6) inoculation via furrow-dose 3 (three times the recommended dose) and 7) inoculation via furrow-dose 1 + seed inoculation. We evaluated plant height, fresh and dry matter weight of the aerial part and nodules, number of total, viable and non-viable nodules, number of pods per plant and grain yield. Inoculation was more effective when used in cerrado soil, but soybean performance in treatments without inoculation was higher in previously cultivated soil. Application through furrow proved to be a viable practice due to the similarity of the results obtained with the traditional application by seed.

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and yield of semi-dwarf and tall varieties of winter wheat

1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Pearman ◽  
S. M. Thomas ◽  
G. N. Thorne
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Dwarf Variety

SummaryEight amounts of nitrogen ranging from 0 to 210 kg N/ha were applied to two tall and one semi-dwarf variety of winter wheat in the spring of 1975 and 1976. The tall varieties were Cappelle-Desprez and Maris Huntsman; the semi-dwarf variety was Maris Fundin in 1975 and Hobbit in 1976. Interactions between varieties and nitrogen were few and small compared with the main effects. All varieties produced their maximum grain yields with 180 kg N/ha. The yield of the semi-dwarf varieties, but not the others, decreased slightly with more nitrogen.Cappelle-Desprez yielded less grain than the other varieties in both years. In 1975 the yields of Maris Fundin and Maris Huntsman were similar and in 1976 Hobbit yielded more than Maris Huntsman. The varieties had similar numbers of ears at maturity and similar patterns of tillering. The semi-dwarf varieties had most grains per spikelet, and hence grains per ear, and Cappelle-Desprez had least. The semi-dwarf varieties had the smallest grains. The semi-dwarf varieties had less straw than the other varieties and hence the largest ratios of grain to total above-ground dry weight. The decrease in dry weight of stem and leaves between anthesis and maturity was similar for all varieties. In 1975 the efficiency of the top two leaves plus top internode in producing grain was the same for all varieties, but in 1976 Hobbit was more efficient than the other two. There were some small differences between varieties in nutrient uptake that were not related to differences in growth. Maris Fundin tended to have a greater phosphorus and potassium content than the tall varieties. Hobbit contained slightly less nitrogen than the tall varieties at maturity, and had a smaller concentration of nitrogen in the grain.Applying 210 kg N/ha doubled grain yield in 1975. Applying nitrogen resulted in a largeincrease in number of ears and a small increase in number of grains per ear due to the development of more fertile spikelets per ear. Nitrogen decreased dry weight per grain, especially of the semi-dwarf varieties. With extra nitrogen, straw dry weight at maturity, shoot dry weight atanthesis and leaf area were all increased relatively more than grain yield, and stems lost moredry weight between anthesis and maturity than without nitrogen. The year 1976 was exceptionallydry and nitrogen had only small effects in that it affected neither straw dry weight nor numberof ears but slightly increased grain yield by increasing the number of spikelets and number of grains per spikelet. It also increased leaf area proportionately to grain yield. In 1975 nitrogen increased evaporation of water from the crop before anthesis but decreased it after anthesis, even though it continued to increase the extraction of water from below 90 cm.

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