scholarly journals Detection of Legionella, L. pneumophila and Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC) along Potable Water Distribution Pipelines

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 7393-7405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet Whiley ◽  
Alexandra Keegan ◽  
Howard Fallowfield ◽  
Richard Bentham
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
Potable Water

Colonisation of potable water with Mycobacterium avium complex in homes of HIV-infected patients

The Lancet ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 343 (8913) ◽  
pp. 1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
MarisaA. Montecalvo ◽  
Gilda Forester ◽  
AnnaY. Tsang ◽  
Gary du Moulin ◽  
GaryP. Wormser
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
Potable Water

scholarly journals The presence of opportunistic pathogens, Legionella spp., L. pneumophila and Mycobacterium avium complex, in South Australian reuse water distribution pipelines

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 553-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Whiley ◽  
A. Keegan ◽  
H. Fallowfield ◽  
R. Bentham
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Reuse Water ◽  
Chlorine Residual ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Water reuse has become increasingly important for sustainable water management. Currently, its application is primarily constrained by the potential health risks. Presently there is limited knowledge regarding the presence and fate of opportunistic pathogens along reuse water distribution pipelines. In this study opportunistic human pathogens Legionella spp., L. pneumophila and Mycobacterium avium complex were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction along two South Australian reuse water distribution pipelines at maximum concentrations of 105, 103 and 105 copies/mL, respectively. During the summer period of sampling the concentration of all three organisms significantly increased (P < 0.05) along the pipeline, suggesting multiplication and hence viability. No seasonality in the decrease in chlorine residual along the pipelines was observed. This suggests that the combination of reduced chlorine residual and increased water temperature promoted the presence of these opportunistic pathogens.

scholarly journals Mycobacterium avium Complex (MAC) in Water Distribution Systems and Household Plumbing in the United States

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3338
Author(s):  
Joseph O. Falkinham
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Plate Count

Members of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) are waterborne, opportunistic pathogens whose characteristics make urban water distribution systems and household plumbing ideal habitats for their survival, persistence and growth. Rather than contaminants, MAC are colonists of drinking water systems. MAC are normal inhabitants of natural soils and water, and enter drinking water treatment systems through surface sources. A proportion of MAC survive transmission through the treatment plant, and regrow in the distribution system and household plumbing. Once within household plumbing, MAC adhere to surfaces and form biofilms, thus preventing their washout. The thermal tolerance of MAC leads to growth in water heating systems. Stagnation does not reduce MAC numbers, as MAC can grow at low oxygen levels. MAC present challenges to current water monitoring approaches as their numbers do not correlate with E. coli, fecal coliforms or heterotrophic plate count bacteria.

Polymicrobial Intracerebral Abscess Growing Achromobacter Xylosoxidans and Mycobacterium Avium Complex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Rotter ◽  
Christopher S. Graffeo ◽  
Hannah E. Gilder ◽  
Lucas P. Carlstrom ◽  
Avital Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
Achromobacter Xylosoxidans ◽  
Intracerebral Abscess
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