Linking a History of Childhood Abuse to Adult Health among Canadians: A Structural Equation Modelling Analysis

A history of childhood abuse has been linked to serious and long-lasting problems in adulthood. We developed two theoretical models concerning how early adverse experiences affect health in adulthood, and we tested the empirical fit of the two models in a population-based representative sample of Canadian adults (N = 25,113) using a structural equation modelling (SEM) technique, path analysis. The first model included direct pathways by which a history of three types of childhood abuse—exposure to intimate partner violence, physical abuse, and sexual abuse—affected adult physical and mental health, as well as indirect pathways by which perceived social support and everyday life stress acted as mediators of these associations. The second model included only indirect pathways and tested mediating effects. Global statistics indicated that both models were a good fit to the data, and local statistics supported the hypothesized associations between independent, dependent, and mediator variables.

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Work-life balance amongst dental professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic—A structural equation modelling approach

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0256663 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. e0256663

Author(s):

Swathi Pai ◽

Vathsala Patil ◽

Rajashree Kamath ◽

Mansi Mahendra ◽

Deepak Kumar Singhal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Structural Equation Modelling ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Work Life ◽

Work Life Balance ◽

Relationship Status ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Life Balance ◽

Equation Modelling ◽

Dental Professionals

Background The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in 2019, has shocked the entire world. As an effort to control the disease spread, the Indian government declared a nationwide lockdown on March 25th, 2020. As dental treatment was considered high risk in the spread of COVID-19, dentistry became one of the most vulnerable professions during this time. Dental professionals had to face job layoffs, salary cuts in professional colleges, closure of private clinics resulting in huge psychological, moral, and financial crises. Studies during the previous and present pandemics have shown mental issues among health care workers necessitating institutional reforms, along with early care and support. A balance in the work-life amongst professionals is the key to better efficiency and, was majorly affected during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown due to sudden unexpected changes. Hence this study was conducted to understand the changes they underwent both at home and professional front with a hypothesis that physical and mental health, activities, relationship status, and workplace influence the work-life balance. Methods A pre-validated questionnaire survey was done on dentists across India. Structural Equation Modelling and path analysis were applied to the data collected. Results The results of the study supported the hypothesis that factors like physical and mental health, activities, relationship status, and workplace influenced the work-life balance directly. A significant imbalance was seen amongst the female dentists. Conclusion The present study proved the unpreparedness among dental professionals. Hence an evolutionary phase in every field with better working protocols, robust mental health support, and a focus on strategies to face future such emergencies is required.

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Intimate Partner Violence, Lifetime Victimization, and Sociodemographic and Clinical Profile of Women with Psychiatric Illness at a Tertiary Care Psychiatric Hospital in India

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1177/0253717620938870 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 025371762093887

Author(s):

Mysore Narasimha Vranda ◽

Channaveerachari Naveen Kumar ◽

Dalibonia Muralidhar ◽

Navaneetham Janardhana ◽

Palanimuthu Thangaraju Sivakumar

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Childhood Abuse ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Intimate Violence ◽

History Of Childhood ◽

Psychiatric Setting ◽

Mental Health Settings ◽

History Of

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is one of the major public health problems. Little is known about the extent of violence experienced, its severity, or history of childhood abuse or exposure to intergenerational family violence in women with mental illness. Methods: One hundred women seeking in-patients (IP) or out-patients (OP) services at a tertiary care psychiatric setting were recruited using consecutive sampling. IPV Questionnaire and Danger Assessment Questionnaire were administered. Results: The data revealed a moderate level of IPV experienced by the women. In their childhood, more than one-third had undergone physical abuse by their fathers and witnessed violence by fathers toward mothers. Conclusion: Screening for intimate violence is essential in women attending mental health settings.

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Does a history of childhood abuse moderate the association between symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder in survivors of intimate partner violence?

Journal of Clinical Psychology ◽

10.1002/jclp.22756 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 75 (6) ◽

pp. 1114-1128

Author(s):

J. Gayle Beck ◽

Matthew J. Woodward ◽

Alison M. Pickover ◽

Alexandra J. Lipinski ◽

Thomas S. Dodson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Personality Disorder ◽

Childhood Abuse ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Borderline Personality ◽

History Of Childhood ◽

History Of

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The Effects of Intimate Partner Violence and a History of Childhood Abuse on Mental Health and Stress during Pregnancy

Journal of Family Violence ◽

10.1007/s10896-020-00149-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Brandon L. Goldstein ◽

Margaret J. Briggs-Gowan ◽

Damion J. Grasso

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Childhood Abuse ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

History Of Childhood ◽

History Of

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Correlates of Partner Violence Among Female Street-Based Sex Workers: Substance Abuse, History of Childhood Abuse, and HIV Risks

AIDS Patient Care and STDs ◽

10.1089/108729101460092 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 41-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 189

Author(s):

Nabila El-Bassel ◽

Susan S. Witte ◽

Takeshi Wada ◽

Louisa Gilbert ◽

Joyce Wallace

Keyword(s):

Substance Abuse ◽

Childhood Abuse ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Abuse History ◽

History Of Childhood ◽

Hiv Risks ◽

History Of

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The transmission of nosocomial pathogens in an intensive care unit: a space–time clustering and structural equation modelling approach

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s095026880999094x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 138 (6) ◽

pp. 915-926 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

S. P. RUSHTON ◽

M. D. F. SHIRLEY ◽

E. A. SHERIDAN ◽

C. V. LANYON ◽

A. G. O'DONNELL

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Structural Equation Modelling ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Treatment Unit ◽

Nosocomial Pathogens ◽

Equation Modelling ◽

History Of ◽

Approach Method ◽

Clustering Approach ◽

Modelling Approach

SUMMARYWe investigated the incidence of cases of nosocomial pathogens and risk factors in an intensive treatment unit ward to determine if the number of cases is dependent on location of patients and the colonization/infection history of the ward. A clustering approach method was developed to investigate the patterns of spread of cases through time for five microorganisms [methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Candida spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa] using hospital microbiological monitoring data and ward records of patient-bed use. Cases of colonization/infection by MRSA, Candida and Pseudomonas were clustered in beds and through time while cases of Klebsiella and Acinetobacter were not. We used structural equation modelling to analyse interacting risk factors and the potential pathways of transmission in the ward. Prior nurse contact with colonized/infected patients, mediated by the number of patient-bed movements, were important predictors for all cases, except for those of Pseudomonas. General health and invasive surgery were significant predictors of cases of Candida and Klebsiella. We suggest that isolation and bed movement as a strategy to manage MRSA infections is likely to impact upon the incidence of cases of other opportunist pathogens.

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History of Childhood Abuse, Sensation Seeking, and Intimate Partner Violence under/Not under the Influence of a Substance: A Cross-Sectional Study in Russia

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0068027 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. e68027 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Weihai Zhan ◽

Alla V. Shaboltas ◽

Roman V. Skochilov ◽

Tatiana V. Krasnoselskikh ◽

Nadia Abdala

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Childhood Abuse ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Sensation Seeking ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of Childhood ◽

History Of

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Prevalence and Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence Experience Among Partners of Naval Personnel in Lagos, Nigeria

International Quarterly of Community Health Education ◽

10.1177/0272684x20974223 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 0272684X2097422

Author(s):

Chinedu Paul Igwe ◽

Oyindamola B. Yusuf ◽

Olufunmilayo I. Fawole

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Childhood Abuse ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Occupational Status ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of Childhood ◽

History Of

Background Military personnel are one of the high risk groups recognized as perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV). Little is known about IPV experience of partners of naval personnel. This study determined the prevalence and correlates of IPV experience among partners of naval personnel. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 435 male and female partners of naval personnel selected using the multistage sampling technique from the Navy Barracks in Lagos, Nigeria was conducted. Data were collected using a 40 item interviewer-administered questionnaire between August and September 2017. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis was done to identify the predictors of partners’ experience of IPV. Analysis was done at p-value ≤0.05. Results The mean age of the respondents was 32.7 ± 7.86yrs and 72% were females. The lifetime prevalence of any IPV experience was 40.7% (with 74.4% of this experienced by females, CI: 0.81–1.91). The prevalence of controlling behaviour, psychological, sexual, economic and physical IPV were 31.5%, 16.3% 12.4%, 12.0% and 8.5% respectively. There was a positive association between experience of IPV and respondents’ occupational status (p < 0.0001), lifetime experience of physical (p < 0.0001), sexual abuse (<0.0001), and history of childhood abuse (p < 0.0001). After adjustment for confounders, age (AOR = 2.11, CI = 1.07–4.16), occupational status (AOR = 4.56, CI = 2.30–9.02), history of childhood abuse (AOR = 2.10, CI = 1.26–3.49,) and partners’ alcohol use (AOR = 3.41, CI = 1.38–8.39) remained significant factors influencing experience of IPV. Conclusion The prevalence of IPV experience among partners of naval personnel was high. Being unemployed, experience of abuse in childhood and having a partner who consumed alcohol increased partners’ vulnerability to IPV. Naval personnel would benefit from marital counseling and training on non-violence conflict resolution strategies.

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