Effect of Ambient Oxygen Content, Safety Shoe Type, and Lifting Frequency on Subject’s MAWL and Physiological Responses

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the lifting capabilities of individuals in hypoxia when they wear different types of safety shoes and to investigate the behavior of the physiological responses induced by the lifting process associated with those variables. Methods: An experimental design was used, based on two sessions. The first was training and acclimatization session, then an experimental lifting phase. A total of ten male students of King Saud University were recruited in the study. A four-way repeated measures design, with four independent variables and six dependent variables, was used in this research. The independent variables that were studied in the experimental lifting phase were: ambient oxygen content (15%, 18%, and 21%), safety shoes type (light-duty, medium-duty, and heavy-duty), lifting frequency (1 and 4 lifts/min), and replication (first and second trials). The dependent variables were also: maximum acceptable weights lifting using the psychophysical technique, heart rate (HR), electromyography (EMG) of (biceps brachii, trapezius, anterior deltoid, and erector spinae), safety shoes discomfort rating, rating of perceived exertion, and ambient oxygen discomfort rating. Results: The maximum acceptable weights lifting that were selected by participants at lower levels of the independent variables (ambient oxygen content 21%, lifting frequency 1 lift/min, and first replication) were significantly higher than at high levels of the independent variables (ambient oxygen content 15%, lifting frequency 4 lift/min, and second replication). Several interaction effects were also significant. Conclusions: It provides evidence that the ambient oxygen content increases the intensity of workload in lifting tasks. It showed that oxygen content affects the psychophysical selection of maximum acceptable weights lifting and the physiological responses represented in muscular activities and heart rate. It suggests that ambient oxygen content must be considered along with the type of safety shoes worn when the lifting task at altitudes occurs.

Download Full-text

The Effects of Caffeine in Women during Aerobic-Dance Bench Stepping

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.17.1.27 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 27-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jennifer N. Ahrens ◽

Lisa K. Lloyd ◽

Sylvia H. Crixell ◽

John L. Walker

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Minute Ventilation ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Caffeine Ingestion ◽

Fitness Level ◽

Aerobic Dance ◽

Control Body ◽

And Control

People of all ages and fitness levels participate regularly in aerobic-dance bench stepping (ADBS) to increase fitness and control body weight. Any reasonable method for enhancing the experience or effectiveness of ADBS would be beneficial. This study examined the acute effects of a single dose of caffeine on physiological responses during ADBS in women. When compared with a placebo, neither a 3- nor a 6-mg/kg dose of caffeine altered physiological responses or rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in 20 women (age 19–28 y) of average fitness level, not habituated to caffeine, while they performed an ADBS routine. Since neither dose of caffeine had any effect on VO2, Vco2, minute ventilation, respiratory-exchange ratio, rate of energy expenditure, heart rate, or RPE during ADBS exercise, it would not be prudent for a group exercise leader to recommend caffeine to increase energy cost or decrease perception of effort in an ADBS session. Furthermore, caffeine ingestion should not interfere with monitoring intensity using heart rate or RPE during ADBS.

Download Full-text

Comparison of Physiological Responses and Training Load between Different CrossFit® Workouts with Equalized Volume in Men and Women

Life ◽

10.3390/life11060586 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 586

Author(s):

Ronam Toledo ◽

Marcelo R. Dias ◽

Ramon Toledo ◽

Renato Erotides ◽

Daniel S. Pinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Blood Lactate ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Training Load ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Total Work ◽

Men And Women ◽

Volume Measurements ◽

And Training

The purpose of the present study was to compare the heart rate (HR), blood lactate and training load between different CrossFit® workouts, with equalized total work volumes in men and women. The study included 23 individuals (13 men and 10 women) experienced in CrossFit® training, who performed two workouts with different training types (as many reps as possible (AMRAP) and ‘for time’) but an equalized volume. Measurements of lactate, HR and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were performed. The results show that there was no HR interaction between workout time and sex (p = 0.822; η2 = 0.006) and between workout type and sex (p = 0.064, η2 = 0.803). The HR significantly differed during each workout type (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.621), but not between the two workout types (p = 0.552, η2 = 0.017). Lactate showed no difference between the workout types (p = 0.474, η2 = 0.768), although the training load was higher (p = 0.033, η2 = 0.199) in women when they performed AMRAP. Altogether, the HR was not significantly different between training types or sex, while RPE, lactate and training load showed statistically significant differences depending on the group (women or men) or workout type (AMRAP or ‘for time’).

Download Full-text

Using Electroencephalography (EEG) Power Responses to Investigate the Effects of Ambient Oxygen Content, Safety Shoe Type, and Lifting Frequency on the Worker’s Activities

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/7956037 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohamed Z. Ramadan ◽

Atef M. Ghaleb ◽

Adham E. Ragab

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Content ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Performance Monitoring ◽

Human Performance ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Alpha Power ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Repeated Measures Design ◽

Ambient Oxygen ◽

Eeg Power

Objective. The study assesses the changes in electroencephalography (EEG) power spectral density of individuals in hypoxia when wearing a different type of safety shoes under different lifting frequencies. It also assesses the EEG response behavior induced via the process of lifting loads related to these variables. Methods. The study was conducted in two consecutive phases: training and acclimatization phase and experimental lifting phase. Ten male college students participated in this study. A four-way repeated measures design was used in this research with independent variables: ambient oxygen content (“15%, 18%, and 20%”), safety shoes type (“light-duty, medium-duty, and heavy-duty”), lifting frequency (“1 and 4 lifts/min”), and replication (“first and second”). And the dependent variables were alpha, theta, beta, gamma, θ/α, θ/β, α/β, β/α, (θ+α)/β, and (θ+α)/(α+β). The participant was allowed to determine his maximum acceptable weight of lift (MAWL) in fifteen minutes of lifting using psychophysically technique. Then, he continued lifting the MAWL for another five minutes, where all the data were collected. Results. Results showed that the EEG responses at lower levels of the independent variables were significantly high than at higher levels; except for oxygen content, the EEG responses at lower levels were considerably lower than at a higher level. It also showed that an upsurge in the physical demand increased lifting frequency and replication and caused decreasing in alpha power, theta/beta, alpha/beta, (theta+alpha)/beta, (theta+alpha)/(alpha+beta) and increasing in the theta power and the gamma power. Furthermore, several interactions among independent variables had significant effects on the EEG responses. Conclusion. The EEG implementation for the investigation of neural responses to physical demands allows for the possibility of newer nontraditional and faster methods of human performance monitoring. These methods provide effective and reliable results as compared to other traditional methods. This study will safeguard the physical capabilities and possible health risks of industrial workers. And the applications of these tasks can occur in almost all working environments (factories, warehouses, airports, building sites, farms, hospitals, offices, etc.) that are at high altitudes. It can include lifting boxes at a packaging line, handling construction materials, handling patients in hospitals, and cleaning.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Endurance Exercise Modality on Markers of Fatigue

International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science ◽

10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.9n.3p35 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Andrew R. Moorea ◽

Jasmin C. Hutchinsona ◽

Christa R. Wintera ◽

Paul C. Daltona ◽

Vincent J. Paolonea

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Blood Lactate ◽

Power Output ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Exercise Mode ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

Exercise Fatigue ◽

Peripheral Sensory

Background: Exercise power output, and resulting fatigue, is regulated based on central and peripheral sensory input. Whether exercise mode, specifically, contributes to this regulation remains unexplored. Objective: This study was designed to determine if differences in markers of fatigue would be present during two time trials of similar duration and intensity, as a result of exercise mode (cycling and rowing). Method: In a randomized crossover design, nine subjects completed the two 7-min time trials, on different days. Exercise power output, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and blood lactate measurements were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVAs. Results: There was a significant interaction between mode and time for power output (p =.02), but no significant differences between matched time points were observed for any of the dependent variables used to assess fatigue (p >.05). Conclusion: Similar levels of heart rate, perceived exertion, and blood lactate for time trials on different modes, but with the same duration and directed intensity, suggest that in a laboratory environment, exercise is regulated more by physiological disturbance and sensory cues than by exercise mode. These findings support the sensory tolerance limit of exercise fatigue.

Download Full-text

Recent COVID-19 vaccination is associated with modest increases in the physiological demands to graded exercise

10.1101/2021.08.24.21262239 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Helena Batatinha ◽

Forrest L. Baker ◽

Kyle A. Smith ◽

Tiffany M. Zúñiga ◽

Charles R. Pedlar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Athletic Performance ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Ventilatory Threshold ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Vaccine Trial ◽

Serum Lactate ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Graded Exercise ◽

Physiological Demands

AbstractAthletes are advised to receive the COVID-19 vaccination to protect them from SARS CoV-2 infection during major competitions. Despite this, many athletes are reluctant to get the COVID-19 vaccine due to concerns that symptoms of vaccinosis may impair athletic performance.OBJECTIVETo determine the effects of COVID-19 vaccination on the physiological responses to graded exercise.METHODSHealthy participants completed a 20-minute bout of graded cycling exercise before and ~21 days after COVID-19 vaccination (2 dose Pfizer mRNA or 1 dose Johnson & Johnson).RESULTSOxygen uptake, CO2 production, respiratory exchange ratio, ventilation, heart rate, serum noradrenaline, and rating of perceived exertion were significantly elevated in the post vaccine trial. However, vaccination did not affect serum lactate, adrenaline, cortisol, predicted , and ventilatory threshold. Post-vaccine effects on heart rate and noradrenaline remained significant in non-infected participants that received the Pfizer vaccine. No significant effects in respiratory gas exchange parameters were found after vaccination in those previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2, but exercise adrenaline levels were significantly lower and serum lactate levels trending (p= 0.10) lower after vaccination. No changes in any physiological responses to exercise were found in control participants who completed two bouts of exercise separated by ~5 weeks without vaccination.CONCLUSIONRecent COVID-19 vaccination is associated with modest increases in the physiological demands to graded exercise in non-infected healthy people but may actually improve metabolic responses to exercise in those previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Whether or not these small effects could impact athletic performance at the elite level warrants investigation.

Download Full-text

Influence of the Varied Pitch Shape on Soccer Players Physiological Responses and Time-Motion Characteristics During Small-Sided Games

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.1515/hukin-2017-0192 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 171-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

David Casamichana ◽

Paul S Bradley ◽

Julen Castellano

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Maximum Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Monitor ◽

Time Motion ◽

Motion Characteristics ◽

Peak Speed

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pitch shape modifications on heart rate responses and time-motion characteristics in soccer players during 5-a-side small-sided games (SSGs). Players completed four different SSG dimensions: (1) short narrow pitch (SN; 40 × 25 m), (2) short wide pitch (SW; 66 × 25 m), (3) long narrow pitch (LN; 40 × 50 m), and (4) long wide pitch (LW; 66 × 50 m). Twenty amateur soccer players (age: 21 ± 5 yr; stature: 176.8 ± 1.9 cm; body mass: 72.7 ± 3.7 kg) were monitored using a heart rate monitor and a 10 Hz GPS device. Mean maximum heart rate (%HRmax), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), peak running speed, total distance covered (TD), distance covered in four speed categories, number of moderate and high accelerations (Ac), decelerations (Dc), changes of direction (COD) and player load were recorded. Increasing the pitch length had a greater effect compared to increasing the pitch width especially on RPE (3.8, 6.3, 4.9 and 6.6 AU to SN, LN, SW and LW, respectively) and time-motion characteristics such as TD (101, 127, 108 and 131 m·min-1 to SN, LN, SW and LW, respectively), peak speed (4.8, 6.1, 5.2 and 6.2 m·s-1 to SN, LN, SW and LW, respectively), and the number of accelerations, decelerations, and changes of direction. The data demonstrates that increasing the length rather than the width of 5-a-side SSG has a greater impact on players’ responses in terms of increasing workloads.

Download Full-text

Acute Effects of Surgical and FFP2 Face Masks on Physiological Responses and Strength Performance in Persons with Sarcopenia

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10030213 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 213

Author(s):

Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo ◽

Silvia Pérez-Piñero ◽

Juan Carlos Muñoz-Carrillo ◽

Francisco Javier López-Román ◽

Esther García-Sánchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Training Session ◽

Blood Lactate Concentration ◽

Face Mask ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Strength Performance

Due to COVID-19, wearing a face mask to reduce virus transmission is currently mandatory in some countries when participants practice exercise in sports centers. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of wearing a surgical or FFP2 mask during a resistance training session. Fourteen people with sarcopenia (age: 59.40 ± 5.46 years; weight: 68.78 ± 8.31 kg; height: 163.84 ± 9.08 cm) that participated in the study performed three training sessions in a randomized order: 4 sets of 10 repetitions of a half-squat at 60% of the one-repetition maximum and 90 s of rest between set and were either (a) without a mask (NM), (b) wearing a surgical face mask (SM), and (c) wearing a FFP2 face mask (FFP2). We found that wearing face masks had no effect on strength performance (session mean propulsive velocity (m/s): WM: 0.396 ± 0.042; SM: 0.387 ± 0.037; and FFP2: 0.391 ± 0.042 (p = 0.918)). Additionally, no impact of wearing a mask was found on heart rate, heart rate variability, blood lactate concentration (WM: 4.17 ± 1.89; SM: 4.49 ± 2.07; and FFP2: 5.28 ± 2.45 mmol/L (p = 0.447)), or rating of perceived exertion. Wearing a surgical or FFP2 face mask during a resistance training session resulted in similar strength performance and physiological responses than the same exercise without a mask in persons with sarcopenia.

Download Full-text

Comparison of Physiological Responses and Training Load Between Different CrossFit® Workouts with Equalized Volume in Men and Women

10.20944/preprints202105.0733.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ronam Toledo ◽

Marcelo R. Dias ◽

Ramon Toledo ◽

Renato Erotides ◽

Daniel S. Pinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Blood Lactate ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Training Load ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Men And Women ◽

Volume Measurements ◽

And Training

The purpose of the present study was to compare heart rate (HR), blood lactate and training load between different CrossFit® workouts, with equalized total volume in men and women. The study included 23 individuals (13 men and 10 women) experienced in CrossFit® training, who performed two workouts with different training types (as many reps as possible - AMRAP and for time) but equalized volume. Measurements of lactate, HR and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were performed. The results showed that there was no HR interaction between workout time and sex (p = 0.822; η2 = 0.006] and between workout type and sex (p = 0.064, η2 = 0.803). HR significantly differed during each workout type (p <0.001, η2 = 0.621), but not between the two workout types (p = 0.552, η2 = 0.017). Lactate showed no difference between the workout types (p = 0.474, η2 = 0.768), although the training load was higher (p = 0.033, η2 = 0.199) in women when they performed AMRAP. Altogether, HR was not significantly different between training types or sex, while RPE, lactate and training load showed small differences depending on the group (women or men) or workout type (AMRAP or 'for time').

Download Full-text