scholarly journals Recent COVID-19 vaccination is associated with modest increases in the physiological demands to graded exercise

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Batatinha ◽  
Forrest L. Baker ◽  
Kyle A. Smith ◽  
Tiffany M. Zúñiga ◽  
Charles R. Pedlar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Vaccine Trial ◽  
Serum Lactate ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Physiological Demands

AbstractAthletes are advised to receive the COVID-19 vaccination to protect them from SARS CoV-2 infection during major competitions. Despite this, many athletes are reluctant to get the COVID-19 vaccine due to concerns that symptoms of vaccinosis may impair athletic performance.OBJECTIVETo determine the effects of COVID-19 vaccination on the physiological responses to graded exercise.METHODSHealthy participants completed a 20-minute bout of graded cycling exercise before and ~21 days after COVID-19 vaccination (2 dose Pfizer mRNA or 1 dose Johnson & Johnson).RESULTSOxygen uptake, CO2 production, respiratory exchange ratio, ventilation, heart rate, serum noradrenaline, and rating of perceived exertion were significantly elevated in the post vaccine trial. However, vaccination did not affect serum lactate, adrenaline, cortisol, predicted , and ventilatory threshold. Post-vaccine effects on heart rate and noradrenaline remained significant in non-infected participants that received the Pfizer vaccine. No significant effects in respiratory gas exchange parameters were found after vaccination in those previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2, but exercise adrenaline levels were significantly lower and serum lactate levels trending (p= 0.10) lower after vaccination. No changes in any physiological responses to exercise were found in control participants who completed two bouts of exercise separated by ~5 weeks without vaccination.CONCLUSIONRecent COVID-19 vaccination is associated with modest increases in the physiological demands to graded exercise in non-infected healthy people but may actually improve metabolic responses to exercise in those previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Whether or not these small effects could impact athletic performance at the elite level warrants investigation.

Physiological Demands of Basic Fire Management Tasks in Members of the Canadian Armed Forces: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Étienne Chassé ◽  
Daniel Théoret ◽  
Martin P Poirier ◽  
François Lalonde
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Minimum Standard ◽  
Canadian Armed Forces ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Physiological Demands ◽  
Task Simulation

ABSTRACT Introduction Members of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) are required to meet the minimum standards of the Fitness for Operational Requirements of CAF Employment (FORCE) job-based simulation test (JBST) and must possess the capacity to perform other common essential tasks. One of those tasks is to perform basic fire management tasks during fire emergencies to mitigate damage and reduce the risk of injuries and/or death until professional firefighters arrive at the scene. To date however, the physiological demands of common firefighting tasks have mostly been performed on professional firefighters, thus rendering the transferability of the demands to the general military population unclear. This pilot study aimed to quantify, for the first time, the physiological demands of basic fire management tasks in the military, to determine if they are reflected in the FORCE JBST minimum standard. We hypothesized that the physiological demands of basic fire management tasks within the CAF are below the physiological demands of the FORCE JBST minimum standard, and as such, be lower than the demands of professional firefighting. Materials and methods To achieve this, 21 CAF members (8 females; 13 males; mean [SD] age: 33 [10] years; height: 174.5 [10.5] cm; weight: 85.4 [22.1] kg, estimated maximal oxygen uptake [$\dot V$O2peak]: 44.4 (7.4) mL kg−1 min−1) participated in a realistic, but physically demanding, JBST developed by CAF professional firefighting subject matter experts. The actions included lifting, carrying, and manipulating a 13-kg powder fire extinguisher and connecting, coupling, and dragging a 38-mm fire hose over 30 m. The rate of oxygen uptake ($\dot V$O2), heart rate, and percentage of heart rate reserve were measured continuously during two task simulation trials, which were interspersed by a recovery period. Rating of perceived exertion (6-no exertion; 20-maximal exertion) was measured upon completion of both task simulations. Peak $\dot V$O2 ($\dot V$O2peak) was estimated based on the results of the FORCE JBST. Results The mean (SD) duration of both task simulation trials was 3:39 (0:19) min:s, whereas the rest period in between both trials was 62 (19) minutes. The mean O2 was 21.1 (4.7) mL kg−1 min−1 across trials, which represented 52.1 (12.2) %$\dot V$O2peak and ∼81% of the FORCE JBST. This was paralleled by a mean heart rate of 136 (18) beats min−1, mean percentage of heart rate reserve of 61.2 (10.8), and mean rating of perceived exertion of 11 ± 2. Other physical components of the JBST consisted of lifting, carrying, and manipulating a 13-kg load for ∼59 seconds, which represents 65% of the load of the FORCE JBST. The external resistance of the fire hose drag portion increased up to 316 N, translating to a total of 6205 N over 30 m, which represents 96% of the drag force measured during the FORCE JBST. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that the physiological demands of basic fire management tasks in the CAF are of moderate intensity, which are reflected in the CAF physical fitness standard. As such, CAF members who achieve the minimum standard on the FORCE JBST are deemed capable of physically performing basic fire management tasks during fire emergencies.

The Effects of Caffeine in Women during Aerobic-Dance Bench Stepping

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer N. Ahrens ◽  
Lisa K. Lloyd ◽  
Sylvia H. Crixell ◽  
John L. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Aerobic Dance ◽  
Control Body ◽  
And Control

People of all ages and fitness levels participate regularly in aerobic-dance bench stepping (ADBS) to increase fitness and control body weight. Any reasonable method for enhancing the experience or effectiveness of ADBS would be beneficial. This study examined the acute effects of a single dose of caffeine on physiological responses during ADBS in women. When compared with a placebo, neither a 3- nor a 6-mg/kg dose of caffeine altered physiological responses or rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in 20 women (age 19–28 y) of average fitness level, not habituated to caffeine, while they performed an ADBS routine. Since neither dose of caffeine had any effect on VO2, Vco2, minute ventilation, respiratory-exchange ratio, rate of energy expenditure, heart rate, or RPE during ADBS exercise, it would not be prudent for a group exercise leader to recommend caffeine to increase energy cost or decrease perception of effort in an ADBS session. Furthermore, caffeine ingestion should not interfere with monitoring intensity using heart rate or RPE during ADBS.

scholarly journals Rating of perceived exertion and heart rate relative to ventilatory threshold in women.

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
I L Swaine ◽  
J Emmett ◽  
D Murty ◽  
C Dickinson ◽  
M Dudfield
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion

Physiological and Perceptual Responses to Graded Treadmill and Cycle Exercise in Male Children

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen E. Duncan ◽  
Anthony D. Mahon ◽  
Julie A. Gay ◽  
Jennifer J. Sherwood
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Cycle Exercise ◽  
Exercise Treadmill

Physiological and perceptual responses at ventilatory threshold (VT) and V̇O2 peak were examined in 10 male children (10.2 ± 1.3 yrs) during graded treadmill and cycle exercise. Treadmill V̇O2peak (57.9 ± 6.7 ml · kg−1 · min−1) was higher (p < .05) than the cycle (51.7 ± 7.7 ml · kg−1 · min−1). Ventilation and heart rate (HR) were higher (p < .05) on the treadmill, while respiratory exchange ratio (RER), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), capillary blood lactate, and test duration were similar between tests. The V̇O2 at VT was higher (p < .05) on the treadmill (36.7 ± 4.6 ml · kg−1 · min−1) than the cycle (32.5 ± 4.4 ml · kg−1 · min−1). When VT was expressed as a percentage of V̇O2 peak, there was no difference (p > .05) between tests. The RPE at VT, HR at VT, and VT expressed as a percentage of HRpeak were also similar (p > .05) between tests. Similar to V̇O2 peak, the V̇O2 at VT is dependent on the mode of exercise. However, when VT is expressed as a percentage of V̇O2 peak, it is independent of testing modality. The RPE at VT appears to be linked to a percentage of V̇O2 peak rather than an absolute V̇O2.

scholarly journals Effect of Ambient Oxygen Content, Safety Shoe Type, and Lifting Frequency on Subject’s MAWL and Physiological Responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atef M. Ghaleb ◽  
Mohamed Z. Ramadan ◽  
Ahmed Badwelan ◽  
Khalid Saad Aljaloud
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Ambient Oxygen ◽  
Dependent Variables

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the lifting capabilities of individuals in hypoxia when they wear different types of safety shoes and to investigate the behavior of the physiological responses induced by the lifting process associated with those variables. Methods: An experimental design was used, based on two sessions. The first was training and acclimatization session, then an experimental lifting phase. A total of ten male students of King Saud University were recruited in the study. A four-way repeated measures design, with four independent variables and six dependent variables, was used in this research. The independent variables that were studied in the experimental lifting phase were: ambient oxygen content (15%, 18%, and 21%), safety shoes type (light-duty, medium-duty, and heavy-duty), lifting frequency (1 and 4 lifts/min), and replication (first and second trials). The dependent variables were also: maximum acceptable weights lifting using the psychophysical technique, heart rate (HR), electromyography (EMG) of (biceps brachii, trapezius, anterior deltoid, and erector spinae), safety shoes discomfort rating, rating of perceived exertion, and ambient oxygen discomfort rating. Results: The maximum acceptable weights lifting that were selected by participants at lower levels of the independent variables (ambient oxygen content 21%, lifting frequency 1 lift/min, and first replication) were significantly higher than at high levels of the independent variables (ambient oxygen content 15%, lifting frequency 4 lift/min, and second replication). Several interaction effects were also significant. Conclusions: It provides evidence that the ambient oxygen content increases the intensity of workload in lifting tasks. It showed that oxygen content affects the psychophysical selection of maximum acceptable weights lifting and the physiological responses represented in muscular activities and heart rate. It suggests that ambient oxygen content must be considered along with the type of safety shoes worn when the lifting task at altitudes occurs.

Prescribing and Self-Regulating Heated Water-Based Exercise by Rating of Perceived Exertion in Older Individuals With Hypertension

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Isabela Roque Marçal ◽  
Bianca Fernandes ◽  
Vanessa Teixeira do Amaral ◽  
Renato Lopes Pelaquim ◽  
Emmanuel Gomes Ciolac
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Compensation Point ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Respiratory Compensation ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Water Based

We aimed to analyze the usefulness of the 6–20 rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale for prescribing and self-regulating high-intensity interval (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous (MICE) aerobic exercise performed in a heated swimming pool (32 °C). Fifteen older individuals (65 ± 3 years) treated for hypertension underwent a symptom-limited maximal graded exercise test to determine their heart rate at anaerobic threshold, and respiratory compensation point. On different days, participants were randomized to HIIE (walking/jogging between 11 and 17 of RPE; 25 min) and MICE (walking at 11–13 of RPE; 30 min). Heart rate during the low-intensity intervals of HIIE and MICE remained below the graded exercise test’s heart rate at anaerobic threshold (−7 ± 18 bpm/−16 ± 15 bpm) and respiratory compensation point (−18 ± 18 bpm/−30 ± 16 bpm), respectively, and maintained in the aerobic training zone during the high-intensity intervals of HIIE (+8 ± 18 bpm/−4 ± 19 bpm). The RPE scale at 15–17 is a useful tool for prescribing and self-regulating heated water-based HIIE and may have important implications for water-based exercise in older individuals with hypertension.

Effect of Stimulant Medication Use by Children With ADHD on Heart Rate and Perceived Exertion

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony D. Mahon ◽  
Megan E. Woodruff ◽  
Mary P. Horn ◽  
Andrea D. Marjerrison ◽  
Andrew S. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Stimulant Medication ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Practical Implications

The effect of stimulant medication use by children with attention deficit/hyper-activity disorder (ADHD) on the rating of perceived exertion (RPE)—heart rate (HR) relationship was examined. Children with ADHD (n = 20; 11.3 ± 1.8 yrs) and children without ADHD (n = 25; 11.2 ± 2.1 yrs) were studied. Children with ADHD were examined while on their usual dose of medication on the day of study. HR and RPE, using the OMNI RPE scale, were assessed during a graded exercise to peak voluntary effort. The RPE-HR relationship was determined individually and the intercept and slope responses were compared between groups. The intercept was 132.4 ± 19.5 bpm for children with ADHD and 120.6 ± 15.7 bpm for children without ADHD. The slope was 7.3 ± 1.9 bpm/RPE for the children with ADHD and 8.1 ± 1.6 bpm/RPE for the children without ADHD. For the group with ADHD the intercept and slope values fell outside of the 95% CI observed in the control group. The altered relationship between RPE and HR with stimulant medication use in children with ADHD has practical implications with respect to the use of HR and RPE to monitor exercise intensity.

scholarly journals Comparison of Physiological Responses and Training Load between Different CrossFit® Workouts with Equalized Volume in Men and Women

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 586
Author(s):  
Ronam Toledo ◽  
Marcelo R. Dias ◽  
Ramon Toledo ◽  
Renato Erotides ◽  
Daniel S. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
And Training

The purpose of the present study was to compare the heart rate (HR), blood lactate and training load between different CrossFit® workouts, with equalized total work volumes in men and women. The study included 23 individuals (13 men and 10 women) experienced in CrossFit® training, who performed two workouts with different training types (as many reps as possible (AMRAP) and ‘for time’) but an equalized volume. Measurements of lactate, HR and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were performed. The results show that there was no HR interaction between workout time and sex (p = 0.822; η2 = 0.006) and between workout type and sex (p = 0.064, η2 = 0.803). The HR significantly differed during each workout type (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.621), but not between the two workout types (p = 0.552, η2 = 0.017). Lactate showed no difference between the workout types (p = 0.474, η2 = 0.768), although the training load was higher (p = 0.033, η2 = 0.199) in women when they performed AMRAP. Altogether, the HR was not significantly different between training types or sex, while RPE, lactate and training load showed statistically significant differences depending on the group (women or men) or workout type (AMRAP or ‘for time’).

scholarly journals Recent COVID-19 vaccination has minimal effects on the physiological responses to graded exercise in physically active healthy people

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Batatinha ◽  
Forrest L. Baker ◽  
Kyle A Smith ◽  
Tiffany M. Zúñiga ◽  
Charles Richard Pedlar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Vaccine Regimen ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Neuroendocrine Responses ◽  
To Receive

Athletes are advised to receive the COVID-19 vaccination to protect them from SARS CoV-2 infection during major competitions. Despite this, many athletes are reluctant to get the COVID-19 vaccine due to concerns that symptoms of vaccinosis may impair athletic performance. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of COVID-19 vaccination on the physiological responses to graded exercise. METHODS: Healthy physically active participants completed a 20-minute bout of graded cycling exercise at intensities corresponding to 50, 60, 70 and 80% of the pre-determined V̇O2max before and ~21 days after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine (2 dose Pfizer mRNA or 1 dose Johnson&Johnson). RESULTS: Vaccination had no effect on a large number of physiological responses to exercise measured in blood (e.g. lactate, epinephrine, cortisol) and by respiratory gas exchange (e.g. oxygen uptake, CO2 production, ventilation, respiratory exchange ratio, predicted V̇O2max, ventilatory threshold) (p>0.05). We did, however, find significant elevations in heart rate (~5 bpm) and norepinephrine (p = 0.006 and 0.04, respectively) in response to vigorous (e.g. 70-80% V̇O2max) intensity exercise after vaccination, particularly in those that received the two shot Pfizer mRNA vaccine regimen. These findings held true when compared to demographically matched controls who completed identical bouts of exercise several weeks apart without receiving a vaccine. CONCLUSION: Recent COVID-19 vaccination has minimal effects on the physiological responses to graded exercise in physically active healthy people. The small elevations in cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to exercise after the Pfizer mRNA vaccine regimen could have implications for athletes at the elite level and warrants investigation.

scholarly journals Physiological response to slalom water skiing: A case study of a sit-skier with paraplegia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Suárez-Iglesias ◽  
Carlos Ayán Pérez ◽  
José Antonio Rodríguez-Marroyo ◽  
José Gerardo Villa-Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Significant Decrement

AbstractRecreational and competitive slalom waterskiing is popular among those with spinal cord injuries. People with paraplegia can practice on the slalom course using a sit-ski. A slalom run consists of a boat towing the sit-skier through a set of buoys and normally begins with a deep-water start. Despite its popularity, very little is known about the physiological aspects of the sit-skier's preparation. We examined the internal training load (TL) experienced by a sit-skier with paraplegia while learning and improving the slalom deep-water starts, executed with both the traditional technique and an alternative method. The TL was determined by means of heart rate (HR) and session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) methods. The percentage of maximal heart rate values ranged from from 63.2% to 81.3% during deep-water starts. Training sessions were performed most of the time below the ventilatory threshold and tended to be qualitatively described as hard. A moderate but non-significant correlation existed between HR and sRPE-based methods. We also found a significant decrement in handgrip strength after practice. These findings indicate that the intensity of training experienced by our sit-skier was moderate in terms of physiological internal load during an adaptive slalom waterskiing training program.

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