scholarly journals Using Electroencephalography (EEG) Power Responses to Investigate the Effects of Ambient Oxygen Content, Safety Shoe Type, and Lifting Frequency on the Worker’s Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Z. Ramadan ◽  
Atef M. Ghaleb ◽  
Adham E. Ragab
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Ambient Oxygen ◽  
Eeg Power

Objective. The study assesses the changes in electroencephalography (EEG) power spectral density of individuals in hypoxia when wearing a different type of safety shoes under different lifting frequencies. It also assesses the EEG response behavior induced via the process of lifting loads related to these variables. Methods. The study was conducted in two consecutive phases: training and acclimatization phase and experimental lifting phase. Ten male college students participated in this study. A four-way repeated measures design was used in this research with independent variables: ambient oxygen content (“15%, 18%, and 20%”), safety shoes type (“light-duty, medium-duty, and heavy-duty”), lifting frequency (“1 and 4 lifts/min”), and replication (“first and second”). And the dependent variables were alpha, theta, beta, gamma, θ/α, θ/β, α/β, β/α, (θ+α)/β, and (θ+α)/(α+β). The participant was allowed to determine his maximum acceptable weight of lift (MAWL) in fifteen minutes of lifting using psychophysically technique. Then, he continued lifting the MAWL for another five minutes, where all the data were collected. Results. Results showed that the EEG responses at lower levels of the independent variables were significantly high than at higher levels; except for oxygen content, the EEG responses at lower levels were considerably lower than at a higher level. It also showed that an upsurge in the physical demand increased lifting frequency and replication and caused decreasing in alpha power, theta/beta, alpha/beta, (theta+alpha)/beta, (theta+alpha)/(alpha+beta) and increasing in the theta power and the gamma power. Furthermore, several interactions among independent variables had significant effects on the EEG responses. Conclusion. The EEG implementation for the investigation of neural responses to physical demands allows for the possibility of newer nontraditional and faster methods of human performance monitoring. These methods provide effective and reliable results as compared to other traditional methods. This study will safeguard the physical capabilities and possible health risks of industrial workers. And the applications of these tasks can occur in almost all working environments (factories, warehouses, airports, building sites, farms, hospitals, offices, etc.) that are at high altitudes. It can include lifting boxes at a packaging line, handling construction materials, handling patients in hospitals, and cleaning.

scholarly journals Effect of Ambient Oxygen Content, Safety Shoe Type, and Lifting Frequency on Subject’s MAWL and Physiological Responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atef M. Ghaleb ◽  
Mohamed Z. Ramadan ◽  
Ahmed Badwelan ◽  
Khalid Saad Aljaloud
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Ambient Oxygen ◽  
Dependent Variables

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the lifting capabilities of individuals in hypoxia when they wear different types of safety shoes and to investigate the behavior of the physiological responses induced by the lifting process associated with those variables. Methods: An experimental design was used, based on two sessions. The first was training and acclimatization session, then an experimental lifting phase. A total of ten male students of King Saud University were recruited in the study. A four-way repeated measures design, with four independent variables and six dependent variables, was used in this research. The independent variables that were studied in the experimental lifting phase were: ambient oxygen content (15%, 18%, and 21%), safety shoes type (light-duty, medium-duty, and heavy-duty), lifting frequency (1 and 4 lifts/min), and replication (first and second trials). The dependent variables were also: maximum acceptable weights lifting using the psychophysical technique, heart rate (HR), electromyography (EMG) of (biceps brachii, trapezius, anterior deltoid, and erector spinae), safety shoes discomfort rating, rating of perceived exertion, and ambient oxygen discomfort rating. Results: The maximum acceptable weights lifting that were selected by participants at lower levels of the independent variables (ambient oxygen content 21%, lifting frequency 1 lift/min, and first replication) were significantly higher than at high levels of the independent variables (ambient oxygen content 15%, lifting frequency 4 lift/min, and second replication). Several interaction effects were also significant. Conclusions: It provides evidence that the ambient oxygen content increases the intensity of workload in lifting tasks. It showed that oxygen content affects the psychophysical selection of maximum acceptable weights lifting and the physiological responses represented in muscular activities and heart rate. It suggests that ambient oxygen content must be considered along with the type of safety shoes worn when the lifting task at altitudes occurs.

Effect of exercise intensity and duration on postexercise metabolism

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 2362-2368 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Gore ◽  
R. T. Withers
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Male Subjects

Data are reported on the net recovery O2 consumption (VO2) for nine male subjects (mean age 21.9 yr, VO2max 63.0 ml.kg-1.min-1, body fat 10.6%) used in a 3 (independent variables: intensities of 30, 50, and 70% VO2max) x 3 (independent variables: durations of 20, 50, and 80 min) repeated measures design (P less than or equal to 0.05). The 8-h mean excess postexercise O2 consumptions (EPOCs) for the 20-, 50-, and 80-min bouts, respectively, were 1.01, 1.43, and 1.04 liters at 30% VO2max (6.8 km/h); 3.14, 5.19, and 6.10 liters at 50% VO2max (9.5 km/h); and 5.68, 10.04, and 14.59 liters at 70% VO2max (13.4 km/h). The mean net total O2 costs (NTOC = net exercise VO2 + EPOC) for the 20-, 50-, and 80-min bouts, respectively, were 20.48, 53.20, and 84.23 liters at 30% VO2max; 38.95, 100.46, and 160.59 liters at 50% VO2max; and 58.30, 147.48, and 237.17 liters at 70% VO2max. The nine EPOCs ranged only from 1.0 to 8.9% of the NTOC (mean 4.8%) of the exercise. These data, therefore, indicate that in well-trained subjects the 8-h EPOC per se comprises a very small percentage of the NTOC of exercise.

scholarly journals Interpersonal touch enhances cognitive control: A neurophysiological investigation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blair Saunders ◽  
Anja Riesel ◽  
Julia Klawohn ◽  
Michael Inzlicht
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Romantic Couples ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Interpersonal Touch ◽  
Neural Monitoring

Touch is central to mammalian communication, socialisation, and wellbeing. Despite this prominence, interpersonal touch is relatively understudied. In this preregistered investigation, we assessed the influence of interpersonal touch on the subjective, neural, and behavioural correlates of cognitive control. Forty-five romantic couples were recruited (N=90; dating>6 months), and one partner performed an inhibitory control task while electroencephalography was recorded to assess neural performance monitoring. Interpersonal touch was provided by the second partner, and was manipulated between experimental blocks. A within-subject repeated-measures design was used to maximise statistical power, with our sample size providing 80% power for even small effect sizes (ds > .25). Results indicated that participants were not only happier when receiving touch, but also showed increased neural processing of mistakes. Further exploratory cognitive modelling using indirect effects tests and drift diffusion models of decision making revealed that touch was indirectly associated with both improved inhibitory control and increased rates of evidence accumulation (drift rate) through its influence on neural monitoring. Thus, beyond regulating emotion and stress, interpersonal touch appears to enhance the neurocognitive processes underling flexible goal-directed behaviour.

The Effects of Rigid Scapular Taping on Acromiohumeral Distance in Healthy Shoulders: An Observational Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alya H. Bdaiwi ◽  
Tanya Anne Mackenzie ◽  
Lee Herrington ◽  
Ian Horlsey ◽  
Ann Cools
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Impingement Syndrome ◽  
Subacromial Impingement Syndrome ◽  
Ultrasound Measurement ◽  
Subacromial Impingement ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Acromiohumeral Distance

Context:Compromise to the acromiohumeral distance (AHD) has been reported in subjects with subacromial impingement syndrome when compared with healthy subjects. In clinical practice, patients are taped with the intention of altering scapular position and influencing the AHD. However, research to determine the effects of taping on AHD is exiguous.Objectives:To evaluate the effect of ridged taping techniques to increase posterior scapular tilt and upward scapular rotation on the AHD.Design:1-group pretest/posttest repeated-measures design.Setting:Human performance laboratory.Participants:20 asymptomatic participants (10 male and 10 female) age 27 y (SD 8.0 y).Intervention:Ridged tapping of the scapula into posterior tilt and upward scapular rotation.Main Outcome Measure:Ultrasound measurement of the AHD.Results:AHD increased significantly after rigid tape application to the scapula (P < .003) in healthy shoulders in 60° of passive arm abduction.Conclusion:Taping techniques applied to the scapula had an immediate effect of increasing the AHD in healthy shoulders in 60° of passive arm abduction. Results suggest that taping for increasing posterior scapular tilt and increasing scapular upward rotation can influence the AHD and is a useful adjunct to rehabilitation in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome.

Short-Term Effects of Binaural Beats on EEG Power, Functional Connectivity, Cognition, Gait and Anxiety in Parkinson’s Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (05) ◽  
pp. 1750055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Gálvez ◽  
Manuel Recuero ◽  
Leonides Canuet ◽  
Francisco Del-Pozo
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Binaural Beats ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Eeg Power

We applied rhythmic binaural sound to Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patients to investigate its influence on several symptoms of this disease and on Electrophysiology (Electrocardiography and Electroencephalography (EEG)). We conducted a double-blind, randomized controlled study in which rhythmic binaural beats and control were administered over two randomized and counterbalanced sessions (within-subjects repeated-measures design). Patients ([Formula: see text], age [Formula: see text], stage I–III Hoehn & Yahr scale) participated in two sessions of sound stimulation for 10[Formula: see text]min separated by a minimum of 7 days. Data were collected immediately before and after both stimulations with the following results: (1) a decrease in theta activity, (2) a general decrease in Functional Connectivity (FC), and (3) an improvement in working memory performance. However, no significant changes were identified in the gait performance, heart rate or anxiety level of the patients. With regard to the control stimulation, we did not identify significant changes in the variables analyzed. The use of binaural-rhythm stimulation for PD, as designed in this study, seems to be an effective, portable, inexpensive and noninvasive method to modulate brain activity. This influence on brain activity did not induce changes in anxiety or gait parameters; however, it resulted in a normalization of EEG power (altered in PD), normalization of brain FC (also altered in PD) and working memory improvement (a normalizing effect). In summary, we consider that sound, particularly binaural-rhythmic sound, may be a co-assistant tool in the treatment of PD, however more research is needed to consider the use of this type of stimulation as an effective therapy.

Reliability and Validity of Electrothermometers and Associated Thermocouples

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa S. Jutte ◽  
Kenneth L. Knight ◽  
Blaine C. Long
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Mercury Thermometer ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Sensor Probe

Objective:Examine thermocouple model uncertainty (reliability + validity).Design:First, a 3 × 3 repeated measures design with independent variables electrothermometers and thermocouple model. Second, a 1 × 3 repeated measures design with independent variable subprobe.Intervention:Three electrothermometers, 3 thermocouple models, a multi-sensor probe and a mercury thermometer measured a stable water bath.Main Outcome Measures:Temperature and absolute temperature differences between thermocouples and a mercury thermometer.Results:Thermocouple uncertainty was greater than manufactures’ claims. For all thermocouple models, validity and reliability were better in the Iso-Themex than the Datalogger, but there were no practical differences between models within an electrothermometers. Validity of multi-sensor probes and thermocouples within a probe were not different but were greater than manufacturers’ claims. Reliability of multiprobes and thermocouples within a probe were within manufacturers claims.Conclusion:Thermocouple models vary in reliability and validity. Scientists should test and report the uncertainty of their equipment rather than depending on manufactures’ claims.

scholarly journals Effects of Lifting Method, Safety Shoe Type, and Lifting Frequency on Maximum Acceptable Weight of Lift, Physiological Responses, and Safety Shoes Discomfort Rating

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3012
Author(s):  
Fares F. Alferdaws ◽  
Mohamed Z. Ramadan
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Knee Height ◽  
Lifting Capacity ◽  
Physical Effects

This study aimed to investigate the physical effects of precision lifting tasks on the maximal acceptable weight of a lift (i.e., psychophysiological lifting capacity where the workers adjust the lifting weight in order to work without any fatigue or strain at the end of the work while wearing common safety shoe types). Additionally, the physical difference between the precise and non-precise lifting conditions associated with wearing safety shoes were assessed by respiration responses and shoe discomfort ratings. To achieve the objective of the study, ten healthy male workers were selected by age (between 25 to 35 years old). Their anthropometric characteristics, including knuckle height, knee height, and body mass index (BMI), were measured. A three-way repeated measures design with three independent variables was used; the variables included—the (1) lifting method (precise and non-precise), (2) lifting frequency (1 and 4 lifts per min), and (3) safety shoe type (light-duty, medium-duty, and heavy-duty). The physiological response variables and one of the subjective factors of this study were—(1) respiration responses, and (2) shoe discomfort rating, respectively. The data were analyzed using the Mauchly’s test of sphericity, Shapiro–Wilk normality test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the use of heavy-duty safety shoes typically increased the shoe discomfort rating under precise lifting methods. Additionally, the lifting frequency was determined to be one of the main factors affecting respiratory responses and shoe discomfort rating. This study also found that respiration responses rose on four lifts per min as compared to 1 lift per min, regardless of the lifting method type. This study indicated that the replacement of some types of ordinary safety shoes used in some workplaces with those selected appropriately might significantly reduce the rating effort required to lift objects or tools. However, the benefits should be carefully evaluated before replacing the safety shoes.

Alchhol Influences on Curve Negotiation and Stopping Behavior

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 573-573
Author(s):  
David Damkot
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Dosing Schedule ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Stopping Distance ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Curve Type ◽  
Constant Radius ◽  
Male Subjects

Twelve male subjects drove an instrumented car at a constant speed through constant radius, decreasing radius, and increasing radius curves and braked the car to a controlled stop after an audible signal given at three different stopping distances. A within-subject repeated measures design was used with a dosing schedule of .00, .05, and .10 BAC. Measures of longitudinal and lateral g forces, and steering wheel and brake use were obtained. Performance differences were found for curve type, stopping distance, and alcohol level, but there was little interaction among the independent variables.

Power of Modified Brown-Forsythe and Mixed-Model Approaches in Split-Plot Designs

Methodology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Livacic-Rojas ◽  
Guillermo Vallejo ◽  
Paula Fernández ◽  
Ellián Tuero-Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Covariance Structure ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Fixed And Random Effects ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
High Level

Abstract. Low precision of the inferences of data analyzed with univariate or multivariate models of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in repeated-measures design is associated to the absence of normality distribution of data, nonspherical covariance structures and free variation of the variance and covariance, the lack of knowledge of the error structure underlying the data, and the wrong choice of covariance structure from different selectors. In this study, levels of statistical power presented the Modified Brown Forsythe (MBF) and two procedures with the Mixed-Model Approaches (the Akaike’s Criterion, the Correctly Identified Model [CIM]) are compared. The data were analyzed using Monte Carlo simulation method with the statistical package SAS 9.2, a split-plot design, and considering six manipulated variables. The results show that the procedures exhibit high statistical power levels for within and interactional effects, and moderate and low levels for the between-groups effects under the different conditions analyzed. For the latter, only the Modified Brown Forsythe shows high level of power mainly for groups with 30 cases and Unstructured (UN) and Autoregressive Heterogeneity (ARH) matrices. For this reason, we recommend using this procedure since it exhibits higher levels of power for all effects and does not require a matrix type that underlies the structure of the data. Future research needs to be done in order to compare the power with corrected selectors using single-level and multilevel designs for fixed and random effects.

Lifestyle intervention using modified BASNEF model in hypertension management (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Resti Tito Villarino ◽  
Christopher Arcay ◽  
Maria Concepcion Temblor
Keyword(s):  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Educational Models ◽  
Stroke Risk Factor ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention Program

BACKGROUND Hypertension is a serious health issue and a major cardiovascular disease and stroke risk factor. In hypertensive patients, various health educational models have been used to improve their lifestyle, but the findings are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE The study assessed the effects of a lifestyle intervention program using modified Beliefs, Attitude, Subjective Standards, Enabling Factors (BASNEF) model among non-adherent hypertensive respondents in relation to the introduction of a lifestyle intervention program in the management of hypertension. METHODS This is a quantitative quasi-experimental research particularly utilizing a repeated-measures design of within-subjects approach on the 50 non-adherent patients diagnosed with essential hypertension at Moalboal, Cebu, Philippines in 2019. The respondents received five sessions of trainings based on modified BASNEF model. The Morisky Medication Adherence instrument was used. The first phase included a demographic questionnaire and the last phase comprised the evaluation of the program. Frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations for descriptive statistics while t-test, repeated measures, ANOVA, and Pearson product moment correlation for inferential statistics. RESULTS The result indicated that the phase 1 mean (146.5) of the systolic readings differ significantly from the phase 4 mean (134.92) of the systolic readings. However, since these two means came from phases that were not consecutive, the result, as a whole, did not show a significant decrease or change when analyzed chronologically from one phase to the next. CONCLUSIONS The study has established that BASNEF model approach can be an effective BP management technique.

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