scholarly journals Green Spaces, Land Cover, Street Trees and Hypertension in the Megacity of São Paulo

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiana C. L. Moreira ◽  
Jefferson L. Polizel ◽  
Itamar de Souza Santos ◽  
Demóstenes F. Silva Filho ◽  
Isabela Bensenor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Street Trees ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Diagnosis Of Hypertension

Proximity to green spaces has been shown to be beneficial to several cardiovascular outcomes in urban spaces. Few studies, however, have analyzed the relationship between these outcomes and green space or land cover uses in low–medium income megacities, where the consequences of rapid and inordinate urbanization impose several health hazards. This study used a subgroup of the dataset from The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health ELSA-BRASIL (n = 3418) to identify the correlation between the medical diagnosis of hypertension and green spaces in the megacity of São Paulo. Land cover classification was performed based on the random forest algorithm using geometrically corrected aerial photography (orthophoto). Three different indicators of exposure to green spaces were used: number of street trees, land cover and number of parks within 1 km. We used logistic regression models to obtain the association of the metrics exposure and health outcomes. The number of street trees in the regional governments (OR = 0.937 and number of parks within 1 km (OR = 0.876) were inversely associated with a diagnosis of hypertension. Sixty-three percent of the population had no parks within 1 km of their residence. Our data indicate the need to encourage large-scale street tree planting and increase the number of qualified parks in megacities.

scholarly journals The Impact of Secondary Flow Systems on Air Pollution in the Area of São Paulo

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bischoff-Gauß ◽  
N. Kalthoff ◽  
F. Fiedler
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Steep Slope ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Free Atmosphere

Abstract The area between the Atlantic Ocean and São Paulo is highly polluted due to high emission rates at Cubatão, a city situated 15 km inland at a steep slope. It was expected that secondary circulations would develop caused by the land–sea contrast and strong orographic changes, which influence the transport and diffusion of air pollutants. In 1994–95, surface stations were operated and radiosonde ascents were performed to analyze the characteristic features of the land–sea-breeze circulation. The stations make evident a land–sea-breeze system that arrived in the suburbs of São Paulo in the early afternoon. The upslope winds favor the propagation of the sea breeze at the steep slope. During the measurement period, large-scale northwesterly winds prevailed that advected warm air from the plateau to the coastal area in the afternoon and resulted in a limitation of the boundary layer growth. The data were used to initialize a three-dimensional mesoscale model for calculation of the transport and deposition of SO2 emitted at Cubatão. The boundary layer height was found to be a limitation for vertical mixing of the air pollutants. However, a step between the coastal boundary layer and the boundary layer over the plateau causes SO2 to be vented into the free atmosphere at the slope and then transported toward the Atlantic Ocean with the large-scale northwesterly winds. Thus, over the coastal area, the SO2 concentrations in the free atmosphere were even higher than within the mixed layer. The deposition, summed up over a day, was calculated and found to be strongest at the slope and over the Atlantic Ocean.

Neighborhoods Characteristics And Cardiovascular Diseases In The Municipality Of São Paulo: A Multilevel Analysis Of Green Spaces, Violence And Income Inequality

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 2817
Author(s):  
Kaio Henrique Correa Massa ◽  
Carla Ferreira Do Nascimento ◽  
Alexandre Dias Porto Chiavegatto Filho ◽  
Maria Lúcia Lebrão ◽  
Yeda Aparecida De Oliveira Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
São Paulo

Dynamics of Urban Sprawl, Vacant Land, and Green Spaces on the Metropolitan Fringe of São Paulo, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Iozzi Sperandelli ◽  
Francisco Antônio Dupas ◽  
Nívea Adriana Dias Pons
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Vacant Land ◽  
São Paulo

Modeling large-scale biometeorological indices to monitor agricultural-growing areas: applications in the fruit circuit region, São Paulo, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 2053-2064
Author(s):  
Antônio Heriberto de Castro Teixeira ◽  
Janice Freitas Leivas ◽  
Edlene Aparecida Monteiro Garçon ◽  
Celina Maki Takemura ◽  
Carlos Fernando Quartaroli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo

The Anatomy of a Death: Repression, Human Rights and the Case of Alexandre Vannucchi Leme in Authoritarian Brazil

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENNETH P. SERBIN
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Military Regime ◽  
Great Awakening ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Memorial Service

Employing new archival sources, this article reappraises the role of human rights in the opposition to Brazil's repressive military regime. While most interpretations pinpoint the protest against the 1975 murder of journalist Vladimir Herzog as the opposition's great awakening, this research focuses on a similar outcry against the 1973 killing of University of São Paulo student Alexandre Vannucchi Leme. His death led students and clergymen to defy riot troops and gather 3,000 people for a memorial service that was the first large-scale anti-regime demonstration of the 1970s and a decisive step in the Roman Catholic Church's development as leader of the opposition.

Watershed fragility Assessment: a Methodological Approach of Siltation and Pollution Vulnerability on a Rural Watershed in Ibiúna (Southeastern Brazilian Region)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-219
Author(s):  
Denise Piccirillo Barbosa Da Veiga ◽  
Bruna Botti Cruz ◽  
Adelaide Cassia Nardocci ◽  
Luiz Augusto Manfré ◽  
Cláudia Aparecida Soares Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Hazard Evaluation ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Object Based ◽  
São Paulo State

Background: The São Paulo State area has been facing a water crisis that caused water shortage in many cities, and a series of socioeconomic problems as an outcome. Water supply massive land-use alteration throughout São Paulo State river basins, coupled with climate change effects might produce severe damage to the region if preventive actions are not enforced in time. Objective: This study aims to apply an adapted methodology of fragility analysis to a tributary of the Itupararanga reservoir (Brazil) using a hydrological modeling tool. Based on the determination of the flow and drainage system direction and object-based image analysis, a final map of the fragility will be constructed. Methods: This paper presents a fragility assessment methodology on a local scale using a rural watershed of the study area. This approach uses object-based classification of topography data from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission to extract the most fragile territorial units of the watershed area, in terms of pollution and siltation contribution risk, combined with land cover classification. Results: The study area exhibits very high and medium fragility areas related to water contamination and siltation risk that can be seen as priority areas for land cover management and monitoring, although most of the basin area was classified as very low fragility. Conclusion: The methodology applications have great potential uses in territorial planning, protected areas and restoration priorities delimitation, ecological-economic zoning, hazard evaluation and mitigation, erosional processes and water protection and management at both local and regional scale studies.

scholarly journals Quantifying Short-Term Urban Land Cover Change with Time Series Landsat Data: A Comparison of Four Different Cities

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 4319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongsheng Zhang ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
Yuhan Zhang ◽  
Yiru Dai ◽  
Jiangjie Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Cover Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Land Cover Types ◽  
Urban Land Cover ◽  
Urban Land Cover Change

Short-term characteristics of urban land cover change have been observed and reported from satellite images, although urban landscapes are mainly influenced by anthropogenic factors. These short-term changes in urban areas are caused by rapid urbanization, seasonal climate changes, and phenological ecological changes. Quantifying and understanding these short-term characteristics of changes in various land cover types is important for numerous urban studies, such as urbanization assessments and management. Many previous studies mainly investigated one study area with insufficient datasets. To more reliably and confidently investigate temporal variation patterns, this study employed Fourier series to quantify the seasonal changes in different urban land cover types using all available Landsat images over four different cities, Melbourne, Sao Paulo, Hamburg, and Chicago, within a five-year period (2011–2015). The overall accuracy was greater than 86% and the kappa coefficient was greater than 0.80. The R-squared value was greater than 0.80 and the root mean square error was less than 7.2% for each city. The results indicated that (1) the changing periods for water classes were generally from half a year to one and a half years in different areas; and, (2) urban impervious surfaces changed over periods of approximately 700 days in Melbourne, Sao Paulo, and Hamburg, and a period of approximately 215 days in Chicago, which was actually caused by the unavoidable misclassification from confusions between various land cover types using satellite data. Finally, the uncertainties of these quantification results were analyzed and discussed. These short-term characteristics provided important information for the monitoring and assessment of urban areas using satellite remote sensing technology.

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