scholarly journals Cardiac and Locomotor Responses to Acute Stress in Signal Crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus Exposed to Methamphetamine at an Environmentally Relevant Concentration

Author(s):  
Filip Ložek ◽  
Iryna Kuklina ◽  
Kateřina Grabicová ◽  
Jan Kubec ◽  
Miloš Buřič ◽  
...  

Methamphetamine (METH), a central nervous system stimulant used as a recreational drug, is frequently found in surface waters at potentially harmful concentrations. To determine effects of long-term exposure to environmentally relevant levels on nontarget organisms, we analysed cardiac and locomotor responses of signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus to acute stress during a 21-day exposure to METH at 1 μg L−1 followed by 14 days depuration. Heart rate and locomotion were recorded over a period of 30 min before and 30 min after exposure to haemolymph of an injured conspecific four times during METH exposure and four times during the depuration phase. Methamphetamine-exposed crayfish showed a weaker cardiac response to stress than was observed in controls during both exposure and depuration phases. Similarly, methamphetamine-exposed crayfish, during METH exposure, showed lower locomotor reaction poststressor application in contrast to controls. Results indicate biological alterations in crayfish exposed to METH at low concentration level, potentially resulting in a shift in interactions among organisms in natural environment.

2016 ◽  
Vol 556 ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate L. Mathers ◽  
Richard P. Chadd ◽  
Michael J. Dunbar ◽  
Chris A. Extence ◽  
Jake Reeds ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 105217 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ložek ◽  
I. Kuklina ◽  
K. Grabicová ◽  
J. Kubec ◽  
M. Buřič ◽  
...  

Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 129982
Author(s):  
Mark P. Gunderson ◽  
Hailey M. Boyd ◽  
Courtney I. Kelly ◽  
Isabela R. Lete ◽  
Quinlan R. McLaughlin

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Levy

Controversies in the use of central nervous system stimulant medications in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are discussed. Diagnostic issues, age of optimal use, side effects, effects on learning and ethical considerations are current issues. An animal model for the effects of chronic long-term high dose regimes is proposed.


Crustaceana ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Houghton ◽  
C. Wood ◽  
X. Lambin

The role of cannibalism in crayfish populations is not well understood, despite being a potentially key density-dependent process underpinning population dynamics. We studied the incidence of cannibalism in an introduced signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus population in a Scottish lowland river in September 2014. Animals were sampled using six different sampling techniques simultaneously, revealing variable densities and size distributions across the site. Cannibalism prevalence was estimated by analysing the gut contents of crayfish >20 mm CL for the presence of crayfish fragments, which was found to be 20% of dissected individuals. When seeking evidence of relationships between the sizes of cannibals and ‘prey’, the density of conspecifics <56% the size of a dissected individual yielded the best fit. The relationship between cannibalism probability and crayfish size and density was equally well described by three different metrics of crayfish density. Cannibalism increased with crayfish size and density but did not vary according to sex. These results suggest that large P. leniusculus frequently cannibalize smaller (prey) conspecifics, and that the probability of cannibalism is dependent upon the relative size of cannibal-to-prey and the density of the smaller crayfish. We suggest that removing large individuals, as targeted by many traditional removal techniques, may lead to reduced cannibalism and therefore a compensatory increase in juvenile survival.


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