scholarly journals Patterns of Multimorbidity in Adults: An Association Rules Analysis Using the Korea Health Panel

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoonju Lee ◽  
Heejin Kim ◽  
Hyesun Jeong ◽  
Yunhwan Noh
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Standard Classification ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Association Rules Analysis ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

This study aimed to identify the prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity among Korean adults. A descriptive study design was used. Of 11,232 adults aged 18 and older extracted from the 2014 Korean Health Panel Survey, 7118 had one or more chronic conditions. The chronic conditions code uses the Korean Standard Classification of Diseases. Association rule analysis and network analysis were conducted to identify patterns of multimorbidity among 4922 participants with multimorbidity. The prevalence of multimorbidity in the overall population was 34.8%, with a higher prevalence among women (40.8%) than men (28.6%). Hypertension had the highest prevalence in both men and women. In men, diabetes mellitus and hypertension yielded the highest probability of comorbidity (10.04%). In women, polyarthrosis and hypertension yielded the highest probability of comorbidity (12.51%). The results of the network analysis in four groups divided according to gender and age showed different characteristics for each group. Public health practitioners should adopt an integrated approach to manage multimorbidity rather than an individual disease-specific approach, along with different strategies according to age and gender groups.

Mortality and cause of death postoperatively in patients with a hip fracture

2018 ◽  
Vol 100-B (4) ◽  
pp. 436-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Choi ◽  
Y. B. Lee ◽  
S. H. Rhyu ◽  
B. C. Kwon ◽  
J. K. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fracture Group ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
Standard Classification ◽  
And Gender

Aims The aim of this study was to compare the rate of mortality and causes of death in Korean patients who undergo surgery for a fracture of the hip, up to 11 years after the injury, with a control group from the general population. Materials and Methods National cohort data from Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service – National Sample Cohort were used. A ratio of 1:4 matched patients with a fracture who underwent surgery (3383, fracture group) between 2003 and 2012, and controls (13 532) were included. The matches were processed for age, gender, income, and region of residence. We also undertook analyses of subgroups according to age and gender. The mean follow-up was 4.45 years (1 to 11). Results The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and stroke was significantly higher in the fracture group and dyslipidemia in the controls. Both crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for the rate of mortality in the fracture group were > 2 (crude HR 2.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.91 to 2.17, p < 0.001; adjusted HR 2.07, 95% CI 1.94 to 2.21, p < 0.001). The HRs were also > 2 for both men and women, and for both those aged ≥ 50 years and < 50 years. However, for those aged < 50 years, they were insignificant. The rates of mortality due to all 11 major causes of death classified following Korean standard classification of diseases were significantly higher in the fracture group compared with the control group, except those in the mental and behavioral disorders category. Conclusion The rate of mortality in the fracture group was significantly higher than in the control group up to 11 years after the surgery. The rate of death due to almost every major cause was significantly higher in the fracture group compared with the control group. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:436–42.

The Association between Multiple Chronic Conditions and Depressive Symptoms: Intersectional Distinctions by Race, Nativity, and Gender

2021 ◽  
pp. 002214652110401
Author(s):  
Christy L. Erving ◽  
Cleothia Frazier
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
Multiple Chronic Conditions ◽  
Growth Curve Analysis ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Retirement Study

Using random coefficient growth curve analysis, this study utilizes 12 waves of data from the Health and Retirement Study (1994–2016; person-waves = 145,177) to examine the association between multiple chronic conditions (MCC) and depressive symptoms among older adults. Applying cumulative disadvantage and intersectionality theories, we also test whether the association between MCC and depressive symptoms differs by race, nativity, and gender. Findings reveal that MCC prevalence is highest among U.S.-born black women, whereas depressive symptoms are highest among foreign-born Hispanic women. Compared to men, MCC has a stronger effect on women’s depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the MCC–depressive symptoms association is strongest for foreign-born Hispanic women. Despite an increase in MCC in the transition from midlife to late life, all race–nativity–gender groups experience a decline in depressive symptoms as they age. The decline in depressive symptoms is steepest for U.S.-born black and foreign-born Hispanic women. Study implications are discussed.

Projected future risk of leukemia and brain tumors from unnecessary brain CT scans: a multi-center study in Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Asgari ◽  
A.A. Parach ◽  
F. Bouzarjomehri ◽  
F. Shirani-Takabi ◽  
A.H. Mehrparvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Brain Ct ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Multi Center Study ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Probability Of Cancer

Introduction: Computer Tomography (CT) scans can deliver a relatively high radiation dose to the patient, therefore radiation protection for this modality is paramount. The present study determined the frequency of no abnormality detected (NAD) brain CT scans and probability of cancer induction in different age groups and genders. Methods: In this study, brain CT reports were used to identify any findings as abnormality detected (AD) and others as NAD. Then probability of future leukemia and brain cancer was estimated for different age and gender groups. Results: On average, in 65% of the cases the results were NAD (56% and 76% among males and females, respectively). Among children, 79% of the reports were NAD. The total number of projected brain cancers was 1.8 and 1.3 for males and females, respectively. The number of projected leukemia cases was 0.75 and 0.7 for males and females, respectively. For pediatric patients, brain CT scans can lead to leukemia cases about 4.5 times more often than adults. Conclusion: Brain CT scans can lead to additional cases of brain cancer and leukemia. A significant fraction of brain CTs were NAD (non-pathologic) and could practically be replaced by other radiation-free imaging modalities, especially in pediatric and young patients.

Moral Development: From Paradigms to Plurality

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Lene Arnett Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Diverse Groups

This chapter introduces The Oxford Handbook of Moral Development: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. The handbook provides a comprehensive, international, and up-to-date review of research on moral development, including moral motives and behaviors, ontogeny and developmental pathways, and contexts that children, adolescents, and adults experience with respect to morality. Across more than 40 chapters, experts from disciplines such as anthropology, education, human development, psychology, and sociology address moral development through the entire life course among diverse groups within and across countries. This chapter addresses how the chapters provide literature reviews that are inclusive of highly diverse theoretical and research foci, as well as of diverse cultural, socioeconomic, and gender groups. The aim of the handbook is to contribute to the revitalization and flourishing of the field of moral development.

Rate of Prescription of Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Drugs after Cyclone Yasi in North Queensland

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 519-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Usher ◽  
Lawrence H. Brown ◽  
Petra Buettner ◽  
Beverley Glass ◽  
Helen Boon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Drug Prescription ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Control Drug ◽  
General Psychological Distress ◽  
Anxiolytic Drugs ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Rule Out

AbstractIntroductionThe need to manage psychological symptoms after disasters can result in an increase in the prescription of psychotropic drugs, including antidepressants and anxiolytics. Therefore, an increase in the prescription of antidepressants and anxiolytics could be an indicator of general psychological distress in the community.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine if there was a change in the rate of prescription of antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs following Cyclone Yasi.MethodsA quantitative evaluation of new prescriptions of antidepressants and anxiolytics was conducted. The total number of new prescriptions for these drugs was calculated for the period six months after the cyclone and compared with the same six month period in the preceding year. Two control drugs were also included to rule out changes in the general rate of drug prescription in the affected communities.ResultsAfter Cyclone Yasi, there was an increase in the prescription of antidepressant drugs across all age and gender groups in the affected communities except for males 14-54 years of age. The prescription of anxiolytic drugs decreased immediately after the cyclone, but increased by the end of the six-month post-cyclone period. Control drug prescription did not change.ConclusionThere was a quantifiable increase in the prescription of antidepressant drugs following Cyclone Yasi that may indicate an increase in psychosocial distress in the community.UsherK, BrownLH, BuettnerP, GlassB, BoonH, WestC, GrassoJ, Chamberlain-SalaunJ, WoodsC. Rate of prescription of antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs after Cyclone Yasi in North Queensland. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(6):1-5.

scholarly journals Modernity in British advertising: selling cocoa and chocolate in the 1930s

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael French
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Advertising Agency ◽  
Consumer Durables ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
New Consumer ◽  
Health And Well Being

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the evolution of “push” marketing in the confectionery industry in Britain during the 1930s. It examines the interplay between a manufacturer and advertising agency in creating advertising for cocoa and chocolate. Design/methodology/approach A survey of the literature examines the uses of health and well-being in the design of advertising in Britain between the wars. The records of Rowntree and its main advertising agency, J Walter Thompson, are used to examine the themes and tactics used in advertising for cocoa and Aero chocolate bars during the 1930s. Findings The paper emphasises the different ways in which health and nutrition was used in advertising for the two products. The campaigns of the 1930s built on earlier use of these themes. J Walter Thompson looked for ways of presenting commodities as “new and improved” and their role extended into pressing for changes to production methods and the nature of products. Themes of modernity, sexuality and lifestyles all featured, confirming conclusions of earlier studies. However, targeting of mothers and of different age and gender groups indicated that market segmentation was used extensively via print media and tailored advertising messages. Originality/value Although Cadbury, Rowntree and confectionery have been studied in depth before, this paper emphasises their role in applying new advertising ideas to everyday items. It points to the influence of advertising on the mass of consumers compared to the middle- and upper-income groups targeted in the marketing of houses, motor-cars and new consumer durables.

EPA-1095 - Impact of pain on the outcomes of depression across age and gender groups in china

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
D. Novick ◽  
W. Montgomery ◽  
V. Moneta ◽  
X. Peng ◽  
R. Brugnoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

scholarly journals Gene co-expression in the interactome: moving from correlation toward causation via an integrated approach to disease module discovery

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Paci ◽  
Giulia Fiscon ◽  
Federica Conte ◽  
Rui-Sheng Wang ◽  
Lorenzo Farina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
State Transitions ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Human Interactome ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Interactome Network ◽  
Module Discovery ◽  
Specific Disorders

AbstractIn this study, we integrate the outcomes of co-expression network analysis with the human interactome network to predict novel putative disease genes and modules. We first apply the SWItch Miner (SWIM) methodology, which predicts important (switch) genes within the co-expression network that regulate disease state transitions, then map them to the human protein–protein interaction network (PPI, or interactome) to predict novel disease–disease relationships (i.e., a SWIM-informed diseasome). Although the relevance of switch genes to an observed phenotype has been recently assessed, their performance at the system or network level constitutes a new, potentially fascinating territory yet to be explored. Quantifying the interplay between switch genes and human diseases in the interactome network, we found that switch genes associated with specific disorders are closer to each other than to other nodes in the network, and tend to form localized connected subnetworks. These subnetworks overlap between similar diseases and are situated in different neighborhoods for pathologically distinct phenotypes, consistent with the well-known topological proximity property of disease genes. These findings allow us to demonstrate how SWIM-based correlation network analysis can serve as a useful tool for efficient screening of potentially new disease gene associations. When integrated with an interactome-based network analysis, it not only identifies novel candidate disease genes, but also may offer testable hypotheses by which to elucidate the molecular underpinnings of human disease and reveal commonalities between seemingly unrelated diseases.

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