Projected future risk of leukemia and brain tumors from unnecessary brain CT scans: a multi-center study in Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Asgari ◽  
A.A. Parach ◽  
F. Bouzarjomehri ◽  
F. Shirani-Takabi ◽  
A.H. Mehrparvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Brain Ct ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Multi Center Study ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Probability Of Cancer

Introduction: Computer Tomography (CT) scans can deliver a relatively high radiation dose to the patient, therefore radiation protection for this modality is paramount. The present study determined the frequency of no abnormality detected (NAD) brain CT scans and probability of cancer induction in different age groups and genders. Methods: In this study, brain CT reports were used to identify any findings as abnormality detected (AD) and others as NAD. Then probability of future leukemia and brain cancer was estimated for different age and gender groups. Results: On average, in 65% of the cases the results were NAD (56% and 76% among males and females, respectively). Among children, 79% of the reports were NAD. The total number of projected brain cancers was 1.8 and 1.3 for males and females, respectively. The number of projected leukemia cases was 0.75 and 0.7 for males and females, respectively. For pediatric patients, brain CT scans can lead to leukemia cases about 4.5 times more often than adults. Conclusion: Brain CT scans can lead to additional cases of brain cancer and leukemia. A significant fraction of brain CTs were NAD (non-pathologic) and could practically be replaced by other radiation-free imaging modalities, especially in pediatric and young patients.

scholarly journals A Study into Psychological Mindedness in Relation to Different Types of Reflection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olesya Putilova ◽  
◽  
Olga Vindeker ◽  
Tat’yana Smorkalova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Psychological Mindedness ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Therapy Effectiveness ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Mixed Age

The paper describes the results of the empirical study into psychological mindedness in relation to different types of reflection. The relevance of the paper is determined by the necessity to explore such human psychological characteristics that contribute to successful adaptation in the world of information abundance, uncertainty and inconsistency. The consistency between tolerance towards uncertainty and openness to change, on the one hand, and an interest in subjective experiences (own and others’ experiences), interest in internal processes, on the other, was called psychological mindedness. Initially, this concept was used in the framework of a clinical approach due to the necessity to examine the psychological factors of group and individual therapy effectiveness. Later it became clear that psychological mindedness could be a reliable predictor of an individual’s success in different lines of work. In Russia, this construct is under-researched. That is why this given study aimed to collect empirical data on the linkage between psychological mindedness and the highest adaptive type of reflection on a sample of Russian testees. The sample consisted of 149 respondents aged 18 – 65. Methods exploited in the study included Psychological Mindedness Scale by H. R. Conte (adapted by M. A. Novikova and T. V. Kornilova) and Differential Test of Reflexivity by D. A. Leont’ev, et al. The obtained data have confirmed the hypothesis of a connection between psychological mindedness and the systemic reflection. A positive correlation between one of the aspects of psychological mindedness – an interest in the sphere of subjective experiences – and introspection and quasi-reflection was found. Introspection as one of ineffective forms of reflection is negatively linked to the most important parameter of psychological mindedness – subjective availability of experiences for comprehension and analysis. In the course of correlation analysis the specificity of interrelations between psychological mindedness and types of reflection in women, men and mixed-age groups was revealed. The obtained data allow for clarifying the concept of psychological mindedness and differentially carrying out further studies on mixed-age and gender groups.

scholarly journals Impact of Quality on Customers’ Buying Behaviour towards Point of Purchase Display with reference to Haryana

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukhija Sunita ◽  
Sukhija Sunita
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Retail Industry ◽  
The Social ◽  
Point Of Purchase ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Buying Behaviour ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
The Impact ◽  
One Way Anova

The present paper focuses on the impact of quality on customers’ buying behaviour towards point-of-purchase display at various retail outlets in Haryana. Point-of-Purchase Display plays an important role to increase the sale of the retailers. Today customers are rational and prefer quality products at reasonable price. Moreover, due to the emergence of the supermarkets as the dominant retail, the retail industry is experiencing vibrant changes all over the world. Retail industry in India has grown to be more complex and dynamic with an increase rate of speed from unorganized towards being organized. In this research paper data has been collected from 100 respondents and analysed with the help of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) using one way ANOVA and t-test with demographic factors i.e. age-wise, gender-wise, occupation-wise and income-wise. . After analysing the data it was found that, there is neutral relationship in the opinion of different age groups and gender groups over the point-of-purchase display on quality. On the other hand Occupation and income does not have any importance on customers view point regarding ‘quality’. To conclude we can say that point-of-purchase display is not directly related to the quality.

scholarly journals WORK RELATED VALUES AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT RELATIVE TO GENDER AND AGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 296-302
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Leszczynska
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Organisational Commitment ◽  
Motivational Systems ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

This article discusses issues related to organizational commitment and work related values. The research problem focuses on the correlation between values related to professional work and the affective, normative and calculative commitment of employees. A research question was posed as to what work related values are correlated with organisational commitment. The article presents the results of an empirical study conducted on a group of 2076 people with the use of a diagnostic survey. The obtained data were analysed relative to the gender and age of the respondents. The results indicate certain discrepancies in terms of the value hierarchies observable between employees of different ages. Both men and women selected work-life balance and security as their most important values. The level of commitment was comparable between representatives of the two genders, with the levels observed for normative commitment. Organisational commitment increased with age and was statistically different for the respective age groups. The study confirmed the correlation between the hierarchy of work related values and the level of commitment, as well as the discrepancies in this respect between the respective age and gender groups. The same suggests that there is a need to account for values held by the employees when developing and employing motivational systems and HR practices.

A Volumetric Study of the Corpus Callosum in the Turkish Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Handan Soysal ◽  
Niyazi Acer ◽  
Meltem Özdemir ◽  
Önder Eraslan
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Turkish Population ◽  
Brain Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Data ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Two Age Groups

Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to measure the average corpus callosum (CC) volume of healthy Turkish humans and to analyze the effects of gender and age on volumes, including the genu, truncus, and splenium parts of the CC. Patients and Methods Magnetic resonance imaging brain scans were obtained from 301 healthy male and female subjects, aged 11 to 84 years. The median age was 42 years (min–max: 11–82) in females and 49 years (min–max: 12–84) in males. Corpus callosum and its parts were calculated by using MRICloud. CC volumes of each subject were compared with those of the age and gender groups. Results All volumes of the CC were significantly higher in males than females. All left volumes except BCC were significantly higher than the right volumes in both males and females. The oldest two age groups (50–69 and 70–84 years) were found to have higher bilateral CC volumes, and bilateral BCC volumes were also higher than in the other two age groups (11–29 and 30–49 years). Conclusion The results suggest that compared with females/males, females have a faster decline in the volume of all volumes of the CC. We think that quantitative structural magnetic resonance data of the brain is vital in understanding human brain function and development.

Partisanship in East Asia

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emile C. J. Sheng
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Party System ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Parental Socialization ◽  
Insufficient Time ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

This article compares partisanship across East Asian nations, with four indicators reflecting different dimensions of the concept. Across these indicators, partisanship in East Asian nations was found to be relatively weak compared with most Western democracies, reflecting the less institutionalized nature of their party systems. This could be caused by insufficient time to develop partisanship through mechanisms such as electoral experience and parental socialization. Further breakdowns of income, gender, age groups, and educational levels of partisans showed that more advanced democracies share a relatively uniform pattern across demographics, while young democracies in East Asia showed a more skewed distribution of partisan identifiers, unevenly distributed across income and gender groups. This pattern suggests partisanship is likely to start its development from certain segments of the population and then spread into other segments of the society as a party system becomes more institutionalized.

scholarly journals The relative validity and repeatability of an FFQ for estimating intake of zinc and its absorption modifiers in young and older Saudi adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 968-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadeil M Alsufiani ◽  
Fatmah Yamani ◽  
Taha A Kumosani ◽  
Dianne Ford ◽  
John C Mathers
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Relative Validity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the relative validity and repeatability of a sixty-four-item FFQ for estimating dietary intake of Zn and its absorption modifiers in Saudi adults. In addition, we used the FFQ to investigate the effect of age and gender on these intakes.DesignTo assess validity, all participants completed the FFQ (FFQ1) and a 3 d food record. After 1 month, the FFQ was administered for a second time (FFQ2) to assess repeatability.SettingJeddah, Saudi Arabia.SubjectsOne hundred males and females aged 20–30 years and 60–70 years participated.ResultsMean intakes of Zn and protein from FFQ1 were significantly higher than those from the food record while there were no detectable differences between tools for measurement of phytic acid intake. Estimated intakes of Zn, protein and phytate by both approaches were strongly correlated (P<0·001). Bland–Altman analysis showed for protein that the difference in intake as measured by the two methods was similar across the range of intakes while for Zn and phytic acid, the difference increased with increasing mean intake. Zn and protein intakes from FFQ1 and FFQ2 were highly correlated (r>0·68,P<0·001) but were significantly lower at the second measurement (FFQ2). Older adults consumed less Zn and protein compared with young adults. Intakes of all dietary components were lower in females than in males.ConclusionsThe FFQ developed and tested in the current study demonstrated reasonable relative validity and high repeatability and was capable of detecting differences in intakes between age and gender groups.

scholarly journals The experience of distress during the COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-country examination on the fear of COVID-19 and the sense of loneliness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Lo Coco ◽  
Ambra Gentile ◽  
Ksenija Bosnar ◽  
Ivana Milovanovic ◽  
Antonino Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Spread Of Infection

AbstractObjectivesTo examine gender, age and cross-country differences in fear of COVID-19 and sense of loneliness during the lockdown, by comparing people from countries with a high rate of infections and deaths (i.e. Spain and Italy) and from countries with a mild spread of infection (i.e. Croatia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina).MethodsA total of 3876 participants (63% female) completed an online survey on “Everyday life practices in COVID-19 time” in April 2020, including measures of fear of COVID-19 and loneliness.ResultsMales and females of all age groups in countries suffering from a strong impact of the COVID-19 pandemic reported higher fear of COVID-19 and sense of loneliness. In less endangered countries females and elder stated more symptoms than males and younger; in Spanish and Italian sample the pattern of differences is considerably more complex.ConclusionFuture research should thoroughly examine different age and gender groups. The analysis of emotional well-being in groups at risk of mental health issues can help to lessen the long term social and economic costs due to the COVID-19 outbreak.

scholarly journals Shooting Parameters of Biathletes in Various Age Groups in 2011–2012 World Championships

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (86) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Kreivėnaitė
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Youth Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Youth Groups ◽  
Gender Research ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

Research background and hypothesis. Physical fitness problems in biathlon are quite extensively discussed, but biathlon shooting in Lithuania is not analyzed enough. The special literature lacks information about the shooting parameters that leaders demonstrate in the world biathlon championships. Moreover, shooting parameters in different age and gender groups have not been analyzed enough. The hypothesis that shooting parameters in adult, youth and junior age group biathletes would differ was tested. Research aim. The aim of our study was to analyze shooting parameters of biathletes in various age groups in 2011–2012 world championships and reveal fundamental differences in the aspects of age and gender. Research methods. Research participants were youths (age: 17–18 years), juniors (age: 19–20 years) and adults (age: 21–41 years), male and female biathletes. The number of subjects was 2175. Descriptive statistical methods were used for data analysis.Research results. Data analysis revealed the main differences in shooting parameters between adult, junior and youth groups, male and female biathletes. Also, comparison of shooting parameters between biathletes in various age groups and leaders in the same group was carried out. Discussion and conclusions. Our research revealed that the highest shooting accuracy was observed in adult male and female biathlete groups (p < 0.025). The shooting accuracy of junior and youth female biathletes was higher than that in the junior and youth male groups (p < 0.05). The longest average shooting time was in youth group (p < 0.001). The shooting time of biathletes in adult group was the shortest. We found that male biathletes in various age groups performed shots in less time compared to female biathletes (p < 0.05). Research results revealed that shooting parameters among leaders statistically significantly differed comparing them with the average shooting parameters in the group (p < 0.05).Keywords: biathlon, shooting accuracy, shooting time.

scholarly journals Distinctive trajectories of COVID-19 epidemic by age and gender: a retrospective modeling of the epidemic in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinhua Yu ◽  
Jiasong Duan ◽  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Hongmei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Epidemic Dynamics ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

AbstractObjectivesElderly people had suffered disproportional burden of COVID-19. We hypothesized that males and females in different age groups might have different epidemic trajectories.MethodsUsing publicly available data from South Korea, daily new COVID-19 cases were fitted with generalized additive models, assuming Poisson and negative binomial distributions. Epidemic dynamics by age and gender groups were explored with interactions between smoothed time terms and age and gender.ResultsA negative binomial distribution fitted the daily case counts best. Interaction between the dynamic patterns of daily new cases and age groups was statistically significant (p<0.001), but not with gender group. People aged 20-39 years led the epidemic processes in the society with two peaks: one major peak around March 1 and a smaller peak around April 7, 2020. The epidemic process among people aged 60 or above was trailing behind that of younger people with smaller magnitude. After March 15, there was a consistent decline of daily new cases among elderly people, despite large fluctuations of case counts among young adults.ConclusionsAlthough young people drove the COVID-19 epidemic in the whole society with multiple rebounds, elderly people could still be protected from virus infection after the peak of epidemic.

Boys like games and girls like movies

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-201
Author(s):  
Carmen Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Audiovisual Material ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
English Classroom

Abstract In many contexts learners are enriching their limited contact with the foreign language in the classroom with unlimited contact outside the classroom thanks to the easy and immediate availability of the Internet and digital media. This study aimed to document the characteristics of the contact with English that a large sample of Catalan-Spanish learners have outside the classroom, to explore possible age- and gender-related differences, and to examine the association between out-of-school contact and classroom grades. The responses to a survey showed the type of activities in which young and old adolescents and young adults engage. The analyses showed differences between the three age groups, as well as large differences in the choices of males and females. The analysis of the association between respondents’ English-classroom grades and the different activities showed that reading had the highest positive correlation, followed by watching audiovisual material with L2 subtitles.

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