scholarly journals Immunization Coverage of Inmates in Spanish Prisons

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8045
Author(s):  
Nancy Vicente-Alcalde ◽  
Jose Tuells ◽  
Cecilia M. Egoavil ◽  
Esther Ruescas-Escolano ◽  
Cesare Altavilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Inmate Population ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Seasonal Flu

The correct immunization of the inmate population minimizes the risk of transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases in prisons. The objective of this study was to evaluate the vaccine coverage of long-term prisoners in the Spanish penitentiary system through a retrospective longitudinal study. One-thousand and five prisoners were selected, who were imprisoned from 2008 and 2018 in three Spanish prisons. Their degree of immunization was evaluated as related to hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV), tetanus, diphtheria, pneumococcus and seasonal flu. The state of vaccination of the prisoners with a serological diagnosis of HBV, hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was also evaluated. The vaccination coverage obtained for hepatitis B was 52.3%, and for tetanus–diphtheria, it was 71.9%. However, for hepatitis A and pneumococcus infection, it was insignificant (<2% of the prisoners). Vaccination against seasonal flu was lower than 16%. The HCV and HIV-positive inmates were not correctly vaccinated either. The insufficient level of immunization obtained reflects the lack of interest and marginalization of this population by the penitentiary system and the health authorities. The lack of reliable records is combined with the lack of planned strategies that promote stable and well-defined programs of active vaccination.

scholarly journals Bacterial and Viral Vaccination (non EPI) Coverage among Students in Three Educational Institutions in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Tanzila Rawnuck ◽  
Md Selim Reza ◽  
Sabiha Monowar
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Chicken Pox ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Viral Vaccine ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Seasonal Flu ◽  
Viral Vaccines

Introduction: The implementation of the vaccine has already been shown to be a great success to reduce communicable diseases and its associated morbidity among human globally. The aim of this study was to figure out the actual rate of population who received non EPI bacterial and viral vaccines and to determine the risk factors associated with it. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted between September 2011 and August 2014 among 3600 students aged from 18 years to 24 years. Data of total 12 non EPI vaccines (5 bacterial - Cholera and ETEC diarrhea vaccine, Meningococcal, Pneumococcal, Tetanus and Typhoid; 7 viral- Chicken pox, Cervical vaccine, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Measles Mumps Rubella vaccine, Rota viral and Seasonal flu vaccine) were collected from the individuals’ vaccine cards. All vaccine timelines were categorized into timely, early, delayed and missed based on recommended time of vaccination. Different parameters were considered to determine the socio-demographic factors related to vaccination. Results: Total of 3600 study population were selected from three different institutes. Percentage of rural students was almost 3.2 times higher than that of urban. About 1746(48.5%) student were from middle class family. About 2125(59.03%) of the participant’s had not adequate knowledge of vaccination. Out of 3600 study population for bacterial vaccine, rate of Tetanus vaccine was the highest in percentage which was 1248(34.67%). Percentage of other bacterial vaccines such as Cholera and ETEC diarrhea, Meningococcal, Pneumococcal and Typhoid vaccination percentages were only 27(0.75%), 29(0.81%), 111(3.08%) and 34(0.94%) respectively. Among viral vaccines, the highest receiving vaccine was Hepatitis B. 2763(76.75%) people were immune with hepatitis B vaccine. Percentage of Hepatitis A was 337(9.36%), Rota viral vaccine was 330(9.17%), Measles Mumps Rubella was 249(6.92%) and Chicken pox was 83(2.31%). The percentage was less in case of Cervical HPV and Seasonal flu vaccines which were 12(0.33%) and 20(0.56%) respectively. Conclusion: Vaccines have proven the potential capability to reduce vaccine-preventable diseases, however, findings from the study show that people have still not been aware of non EPI bacterial and viral vaccines which can protect people from life threatening diseases and their complications. Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(1): 80-83

Long-term Therapy With Tenofovir Is Effective for Patients Co-Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis B Virus

2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934-1941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodora E.M.S. de Vries–Sluijs ◽  
Jurriën G.P. Reijnders ◽  
Bettina E. Hansen ◽  
Hans L. Zaaijer ◽  
Jan M. Prins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Long Term Therapy

scholarly journals Vaccination against viral hepatitis b in pediatric liver transplant recipients

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
V. I. Zhilkin ◽  
O. M. Tsiroulnikova
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Pediatric Liver ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Liver Transplant Recipients

Durable protection from hepatitis B virus (HBV) and other vaccine-preventable diseases assumes great importance due to improved long-term patient and graft survival rates in pediatric liver transplantation (PLT). Vaccine immunogenicity data in transplanted children is limited. The review presents aspects of current approach for childhood HBV immunization schedule prior to transplant, duration of time since transplant for receive booster dose, target median HBsAb levels before and after PLT. The latest data about types of vaccine against HBV and vaccine effectiveness in PLT centers in the world are also presented.

scholarly journals The Vaccine Coverage and Vaccine Immunity Status and Risk Factors of Non-Protective Levels of Antibodies Against Vaccines in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Russian Tertiary Centre Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Kostik ◽  
Natalia A. Lubimova ◽  
Irina V. Fridman ◽  
Olga V. Goleva ◽  
Susanna M. Kharit
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Protective Level ◽  
Tertiary Centre ◽  
Methotrexate Treatment ◽  
Systemic Arthritis ◽  
Vaccine Immunity

Abstract Background: Immunosuppressive drugs, decreased vaccine coverage, aberrant immunity might be factors of low anti-vaccine antibodies in JIA patients. The study aimed to evaluate vaccine coverage, post-vaccine immunity and risk factors of non-protective levels of antibodies against measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis B and diphtheria in JIA patients. Methods: A prospective study included 170 children diagnosed with JIA aged 2 to 17 years, who received routine vaccinations against measles, rubella, mumps (MMR) diphtheria and hepatitis B. In all patients, the levels of post-vaccination antibodies (IgG) for measles, rubella, mumps, hepatitis B and diphtheria measured with ELISA.Results: Protective level of antibodies were 50% against hepatitis B, 52% - diphtheria, 58% - measles, 80% - mumps, 98% rubella. The best coverage for MMR had patients with enthesytis-related arthritis-85%, compare to oligoarthritis-70%, polyarthritis-69%, systemic arthritis-63%. Diphtheria coverage was 50%, 51%, 46%, 63%, respectively. Incomplete MMR vaccination had 39% patients, treated with biologics, 22% with methotrexate and 14% with NSAID (p=0.025), and 61%, 46%, 36% for diphtheria (p=0.021). Incomplete vaccination was a risk factor of non-protective level of antibodies against measles (HR=2.03 [95%CI: 1.02; 4.0], p=0.042), parotitis (HR=6.25 [95%CI: 2.13; 17.9], p=0.0008) and diphtheria (HR=2.39 [95%CI: 1.18; 4.85], p=0.016) vaccines, as well as JIA category, biologics, corticosteroids and long-term methotrexate treatment for distinct vaccines.Conclusion: Children with JIA may have lower anti-vaccine antibodies levels and required routine check, especially in children with incomplete vaccination, biologics, systemic arthritis and long-term methotrexate treatment.

scholarly journals Status of Vaccine Coverage In Venezuelan Children, A Country With A Complex Humanitarian Crisis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Drummond ◽  
Isabel Marín ◽  
Anny Sánchez ◽  
Marianjosé Reyes ◽  
Jenny García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
One Year

Abstract In Venezuela, PAHO has reported an increase in vaccine-preventable diseases since 2016. The goal of this work was to assess vaccination coverage in children hospitalized in the Department of Pediatrics at the Hospital Universitario de Caracas (HUC). Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study included 0 to 12 years old children hospitalized in HUC admitted between January 2015 and December 2019, and verified immunization scheme. The patient data were compared with the schedule of the Ministry of Health of Venezuela and analyzed by comparing immunization coverage by year of patient hospitalization and patient age. Results: A total of 2903 patients were surveyed, corresponding to 53.2% male, 37.4% infants. A coverage level above 95% was found only for BCG. Comparing vaccination coverage with the vaccination schedule vs year of patient hospitalization, it was observed a mean decrease in vaccine coverage of 21.5% in 2019 relative to 2015 (p = 0.0000). Vaccination rates in children under one year old were lower than in children older than 6 years for all vaccines (p = 0.0000) Conclusions: There is a decline in vaccination coverage in 2019 in relation to previous years, being the most affected children less than one year old

scholarly journals Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage Among Persons Who Inject Drugs and Have Evidence of Hepatitis C Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 651-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Koepke ◽  
Danielle N. Sill ◽  
Wajiha Z. Akhtar ◽  
Kailynn P. Mitchell ◽  
Sheila M. Guilfoyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Persons Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Immunization Registry ◽  
Increased Risk

Objectives: Despite recommendations for vaccination against hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) for all adults at increased risk of infection, several US states have reported increases in HAV and HBV infections among persons who inject drugs. We investigated hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccination coverage among a sample of persons who reported injecting drugs and had evidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Methods: We searched the Wisconsin Immunization Registry for the vaccination records of persons who underwent HCV testing at syringe services programs from January 1 through August 31, 2018, and were reported to the Wisconsin Division of Public Health as having positive HCV antibody test results and a history of injection drug use. We calculated the percentage of persons who were vaccinated according to national recommendations. Results: Of 215 persons reported, 204 (94.9%) had a client record in the Wisconsin Immunization Registry. Of these 204 persons, 66 (32.4%) had received ≥1 dose of hepatitis A vaccine, 46 (22.5%) had received 2 doses of hepatitis A vaccine, and 115 (56.4%) had received 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine. Hepatitis B vaccine coverage decreased with increasing age, from 88.0% (22 of 25) among adults aged 20-24 to 30.3% (10 of 33) among adults aged 35-39. Conclusions: These findings suggest that most persons who inject drugs in Wisconsin are susceptible to HAV infection and that most persons aged ≥35 who inject drugs are susceptible to HBV infection. In addition to routine vaccination of children, targeted hepatitis vaccination programs should focus on adults who inject drugs to help prevent future infections.

Immunization Campaigns and Political Agendas: Retrospective from Ecuador and El Salvador

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Gloyd ◽  
Jose Suarez Torres ◽  
Mary Anne Mercer
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Polio Eradication ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
International Donors

Since the mid-1980s international donors have promoted vertical, campaign-based strategies to help improve immunization coverage in poor countries. National immunization days (NIDs) are currently in vogue and are prominent in the worldwide polio eradication efforts. In spite of their widespread use, campaigns that include NIDs have not been well evaluated for their effects on coverage, reduction in vaccine-preventable diseases, or effects on the health system. An assessment of the results of two such campaigns implemented in Ecuador and El Salvador shows limited impact on short-term coverage and questionable effects on long-term coverage and disease incidence. Although NIDs may have substantial short-term political benefits, the vertical approach can undermine provision of routine services by ministries of health and may be counterproductive in the long-term.

Medical and Nursing Students with Suboptimal Protective Immunity against Vaccine-Preventable Diseases

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1006-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioanna D. Pavlopoulou ◽  
George L. Daikos ◽  
Andreas Tzivaras ◽  
Evangelos Bozas ◽  
Chris Kosmidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Healthcare Students ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Vaccination History ◽  
History Of

Objectives.Medical and nursing students (hereafter referred to as “healthcare students”) are at risk of contracting and transmitting infectious diseases in a hospital Setting. The aim of our study was to evaluate the vaccination history of healthcare students and their serologic immunity against vaccine-preventable diseases.Design.Prospective cohort study.Setting.A tertiary care children's hospital in Athens, Greece, which is affiliated with the University of Athens.Methods.Healthcare students were recruited during April through November 2007. The information obtained from these students during personal interviews included demographics and whether there was a history of varicella, measles, mumps, rubella, and/or hepatitis A or B virus infection. Vaccination history and documentation of disease were abstracted from available medical records. Serum antibodies against the above-mentioned viral agents were determined by use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seronegative students and those with immunization gaps were referred to local vaccination clinics, and compliance was assessed 3 months later.Results.A total of 187 healthcare students were recruited, 131 (70.1%) of whom provided complete documentation of vaccination history. Adequate immunity against diphtheria and tetanus was documented for 55 (37.2%) and 73 (49.3%) of the 148 participants, respectively, whereas age-appropriate vaccination against pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus, and poliomyelitis was noted for 138 (93.2%), 147 (99.3%), 147 (99.3%), and 147 (99.3%) healthcare students, respectively. Of 185 healthcare students, 171 (92.4%) were immune to varicella. Of 182 healthcare students, 179 (98.4%) were immune to measles, 163 (89.6%) were immune to mumps, and 176 (96.7%) were immune to rubella. Of 179 healthcare students, 151 (84.4%) were immune to hepatitis B virus. Of 178 healthcare students, 26 (14.6%) were immune to hepatitis A virus. Antibodies (10 IU/L or higher) to hepatitis B surface antigen were detected for 151 (84.4%) of 179 healthcare students, and antibodies (10 IU/L or higher) to hepatitis A virus were detected for 26 (14.6%) of 178 healthcare students. Fewer than 30% of participants were in full compliance with recommended vaccinations.Conclusions.We have determined that there is a certain proportion of healthcare students who are susceptible to certain vaccine-preventable diseases. The development of an appropriate vaccination strategy is required to decrease the risk of transmission in a hospital setting.

scholarly journals Long-term Immune Response to Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination Regimens in Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1

2016 ◽  
Vol 176 (5) ◽  
pp. 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odile Launay ◽  
Arielle R. Rosenberg ◽  
David Rey ◽  
Noelle Pouget ◽  
Marie-Louise Michel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Virus Vaccination ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1

scholarly journals Seroprevalência do Anticorpo do Vírus na Hepatite A em Viajantes Portugueses: Um Novo Paradigma

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 534
Author(s):  
Sónia Rocha ◽  
Sandra Tejo ◽  
Eugénia Ferreira ◽  
Luís Trindade ◽  
Eduardo Rabadão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Introduction: In Portugal, the prevalence of hepatitis A virus infection has decreased in the past decades, especially in young adults. The aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A virus in a population observed in our Travel Clinic.Material and Methods: Antibodies against hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus were tested using standard enzyme immunoassay in patients older than 18. The exclusion criteria were: prior vaccination for hepatitis A virus, previous diagnosis of infection with hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and/or human immunodeficiency virus, foreign travelers and long-term expatriates. We applied an epidemiological survey and data was statistically analyzed with SPSS® 18.0.Results: In the 665 travelers studied, natural immunity to hepatitis A virus was present in 57.6% (n = 383). They were stratified into 8 age groups and for each one hepatitis A immunity was clarified: 5.0% (n = 1) in 18 - 25 years, 32.3% (n = 21) in 26 - 30 years, 40.9% (n = 47) in 31 - 35 years, 45.8% (n = 54) in 36 - 40 years, 68.7% (n = 79) in 41 - 45 years, 70.1% (n = 68) in 46 - 50 years, 80.8% (n = 63) in 51 - 55 years and 87.7% (n = 50) over 56 years old. In those who accepted further screening, positivity for hepatitis B core antibody was found in 0.6% (n = 3) travelers, hepatitis C virus infection in 1.1% (n = 6) and human immunodeficiency virus infection in 0.5% (n = 3) whose previous status was unknown. The most frequent travel destination was sub-Saharan Africa (72.6%; n = 483).Discussion: We found 49.1% (n = 260) travelers under 50 years old susceptible to hepatitis A virus infection and for those between 40 and 50 years, 30.7% (n = 65) still need vaccine protection.Conclusion: Across age groups there is a trend towards lower prevalence of hepatitis A virus antibody, in particular among youngsters, when compared with older Portuguese studies.

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