scholarly journals Early Gestational Exposure to High-Molecular-Weight Phthalates and Its Association with 48-Month-Old Children’s Motor and Cognitive Scores

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8150
Author(s):  
Libni A. Torres-Olascoaga ◽  
Deborah Watkins ◽  
Lourdes Schnaas ◽  
John D. Meeker ◽  
Maritsa Solano-Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Environmental Toxicants ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Gestational Exposure ◽  
Early Life Exposure

In utero phthalate exposure has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, nevertheless, trimester-specific susceptibility remains understudied. Our aim was to identify susceptible windows to the effects of gestational High-Molecular-Weight Phthalates (HMWP) exposure on 48 months’ neurodevelopment. We measured six HMWP metabolites (MEHP, MEHHP, MEOHP, MECPP, MBzP and MCPP) in urine samples collected during each trimester from women in the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) cohort (n = 218). We assessed children’s motor (MS), cognitive (GCI) and memory (MeS) abilities using McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities (MSCA). We used linear regression models to examine associations between trimester-specific phthalate metabolites and MSCA scores, adjusted for sex, gestational age, breastfeeding, and maternal IQ. Although phthalate concentrations were similar across trimesters, first and second trimester phthalates were inversely associated with MS and GCI, with first trimester associations with MS being the strongest and statistically significant. Stronger associations were seen with MS and GCI among boys compared to girls, however interaction terms were not statistically significant. Our results suggest that early gestation is a sensitive window of exposure to HMWP for neurodevelopment, particularly in boys. Regulations on phthalate content in food as well as pregnancy consumption guidelines are necessary to protect future generations.

Interpretation of linear regression models that include transformations or interaction terms

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 735-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Dana Flanders ◽  
Rebecca DerSimonian ◽  
David S. Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Interaction Terms

Relationship of Trimester-Specific Gestational Exposure to High Molecular Weight Phthalates with Neurodevelopment at 48 Months and Differences by Sex

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Libni Avib Torres-Olascoaga ◽  
Marcela Tamayo y Ortiz ◽  
Lourdes Schnaas ◽  
Karen E Peterson ◽  
Martha María Téllez-Rojo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Gestational Exposure ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals Metabolic profiling of pre-gestational and gestational diabetes mellitus identifies novel predictors of pre-term delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilhame Diboun ◽  
Manjunath Ramanjaneya ◽  
Yasser Majeed ◽  
Lina Ahmed ◽  
Mohammed Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Metabolic Profiling ◽  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Term Delivery ◽  
Term Labor

Abstract Background Pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risks of pre-term labor, hypertension and preeclampsia. In this study, metabolic profiling of blood samples collected from GDM, T2DM and control pregnant women was undertaken to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers in GDM/T2DM and compared to pregnancy outcome. Methods Sixty-seven pregnant women (21 controls, 32 GDM, 14 T2DM) in their second trimester underwent targeted metabolomics of plasma samples using tandem mass spectrometry with the Biocrates MxP® Quant 500 Kit. Linear regression models were used to identify the metabolic signature of GDM and T2DM, followed by generalized linear model (GLMNET) and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis to determine best predictors of GDM, T2DM and pre-term labor. Results The gestational age at delivery was 2 weeks earlier in T2DM compared to GDM and controls and correlated negatively with maternal HbA1C and systolic blood pressure and positively with serum albumin. Linear regression models revealed elevated glutamate and branched chain amino acids in GDM + T2DM group compared to controls. Regression models also revealed association of lower levels of triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols containing oleic and linoleic fatty acids with pre-term delivery. A generalized linear model ROC analyses revealed that that glutamate is the best predictors of GDM compared to controls (area under curve; AUC = 0.81). The model also revealed that phosphatidylcholine diacyl C40:2, arachidonic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, and phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C34:3 are the best predictors of GDM + T2DM compared to controls (AUC = 0.90). The model also revealed that the triacylglycerols C17:2/36:4 and C18:1/34:1 are the best predictors of pre-term delivery (≤ 37 weeks) (AUC = 0.84). Conclusions This study highlights the metabolite alterations in women in their second trimester with diabetes mellitus and identifies predictive indicators of pre-term delivery. Future studies to confirm these associations in other cohorts and investigate their functional relevance and potential utilization for targeted therapies are warranted.

INTERACTION TERMS IN POISSON AND LOG LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. E89-E96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengwu Shang ◽  
Erik Nesson ◽  
Maoyong Fan
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Log Linear

scholarly journals A Longitudinal Study of the Associations of Family Structure with Physical Activity across the Week in Boys and Girls

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 4050
Author(s):  
Emma Solomon-Moore ◽  
Ruth Salway ◽  
Lydia G. Emm-Collison ◽  
Simon J. Sebire ◽  
Janice L. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Over Time

The aim of this study was to examine how family structure is associated with moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) for children aged between 6 and 11. At 6, 9 and 11 years, children wore an accelerometer and parents/carers completed questionnaires on demographics and family structure. Linear regression models examined cross-sectional associations between family structure and MVPA at age 9 and 11. Linear multilevel models examined longitudinal associations between age 6 and 11, differences in change over time were examined using interaction terms. No associations between exposures and MVPA were evident at age 9. Compared to boys living in one home, eleven-year-old boys who lived in multiple homes performed 15.99 (2.46–29.52) fewer minutes of MVPA on weekend days. In longitudinal analyses, the evidence was unclear whether the association with family structure changed over time. Models that assumed associations with family structure remained constant over time, found that boys who lived in multiple homes performed 11.02 (0.76–21.28) fewer minutes of MVPA per weekend day, while for each additional sibling, girls performed an extra 1.89 (0.25–3.53) minutes of MVPA per weekend day. Findings indicate a small number of associations, varying in magnitude, between family structure and children’s MVPA. Therefore, families of all structures should be supported to help their children meet MVPA recommendations.

Microtubule motors and other maps

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Richard B. Vallee
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Cytoplasmic Dynein ◽  
Organelle Transport ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Microtubule Associated Proteins ◽  
Microtubule Motors ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Intracellular Motility

Microtubules are involved in a number of forms of intracellular motility, including mitosis and bidirectional organelle transport. Purified microtubules from brain and other sources contain tubulin and a diversity of microtubule associated proteins (MAPs). Some of the high molecular weight MAPs - MAP 1A, 1B, 2A, and 2B - are long, fibrous molecules that serve as structural components of the cytamatrix. Three MAPs have recently been identified that show microtubule activated ATPase activity and produce force in association with microtubules. These proteins - kinesin, cytoplasmic dynein, and dynamin - are referred to as cytoplasmic motors. The latter two will be the subject of this talk.Cytoplasmic dynein was first identified as one of the high molecular weight brain MAPs, MAP 1C. It was determined to be structurally equivalent to ciliary and flagellar dynein, and to produce force toward the minus ends of microtubules, opposite to kinesin.

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