Sleep During “Lockdown” in the COVID-19 Pandemic

The aim of this study was to determine if the lockdown measures applied due to the pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected the sleep of the general population and health professionals in six different countries (Greece, Switzerland, Austria, Germany, France, and Brazil). We used a web-based survey with a short questionnaire of 13 questions, translated into four languages (Greek, German, French, and Portuguese). The questionnaire included information about demographic and professional data, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sleep, degree of abidance in lockdown measures, and data about illness or close contact with active confirmed cases of COVID-19. Initially, 2093 individuals participated. After exclusion of those who did not report their duration of sleep, the final sample comprised 1908 participants (Greek, n = 1271; German, n = 257, French, n = 48; Portuguese, n = 332), aged 42.6 ± 12.7 years, who were considered for further analysis. A main effect of the lockdown week on sleep duration was observed (+0.25 h; 95% confidence intervals, CI, 0.17, 0.32; p < 0.001), with the total sleep time of the lockdown week being longer than that under normal conditions. A week*occupation interaction on sleep duration was demonstrated (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.012). Sleep duration remained stable in health professionals (−0.18 h; 95% CI −0.36, 0.01; p = 0.063), whereas it increased in other occupations by 0.31 h (95% CI, 0.24, 0.39; p < 0.001). In terms of sleep quality, 15% of participants characterized their sleep as bad and 37.9% as average during the lockdown week. Almost 1 in 3 individuals (31.3%) reported worse quality of sleep during the lockdown week than under normal conditions. Sleep during the lockdown week was characterized as good by 47.1%, but only 38% of the health professionals group. In conclusion, the COVID−19 pandemic and lockdown affected sleep in different ways, depending on age, level of education, occupation, and country of residence.

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Association between sleep habits and symptoms of oral disease in adolescents: the 2017 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01575-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Eun-Sil Choi ◽

Hyun-Sun Jeon ◽

So-Jung Mun

Keyword(s):

Risk Behavior ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Oral Disease ◽

Type B ◽

Quality Of Sleep ◽

Sleep Habits ◽

Web Based ◽

Disease Symptoms ◽

Youth Risk Behavior

Abstract Background This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the relationship between sleep habits and oral disease symptoms in adolescents. Methods Among 62,276 adolescents who participated in the 13th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2017), we selected a total of 54,766 adolescents (age, 12–18 years; male, 49.9%) for the final analysis, after excluding those who did not report their sleep duration. The 13th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey data were obtained from a stratified, multistage, clustered sample. Independent variables included general characteristics, oral health behavior, sleep types, sleep duration, and sleep quality; dependent variables comprised oral disease symptoms. Sleep was categorized according to bedtime astype A (bedtime < 1 a.m.) and type B (bedtime ≥ 1 a.m.). Data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results After adjusting for all covariates, adolescents with type A sleep had a higher risk of toothache on chewing (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.02–1.15) than adolescents with type B. Adolescents who slept for 6 h or less each night had a higher risk of pain in the tongue and buccal mucosa (OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.18–1.54), gingival pain, and bleeding (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.19–1.45) than those who slept for more than 8 h. Adolescents with low quality of sleep had a higher risk of toothache or throbbing (OR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.60–1.81), toothache on chewing (OR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.65–1.82), and halitosis (OR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.41–1.59) than those with high quality of sleep. Conclusions Our findings indicate that some oral symptoms are related to sleep duration and quality. It is essential to inculcate good sleeping habits in adolescents by emphasizing the effects of inadequate sleep duration and quality.

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Sleep quality during home distancing in the COVID-19 pandemic in the Western Amazon

Journal of Human Growth and Development ◽

10.36311/jhgd.v31.12606 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 458-464

Author(s):

Carlos Roberto Teixeira Ferreira ◽

Francisco Naildo Cardoso Leitão ◽

Maura Bianca Barbary de Deus ◽

Italla Maria Pinheiro Bezerra ◽

Rejane Rosas Barbary de Deus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Quality Of Sleep ◽

Subjective Sleep Quality ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Web Based ◽

Demographic Questionnaire ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Quality Sleep

Introduction: the COVID-19 pandemic incited unprecedented global restrictions on society’s behavior. Home detachment and isolation measures applied during the COVID-19 pandemic can result in problems with sleep quality. It is an important measure to reduce the risk of infection from the COVID-19 outbreak. Objective: to investigate the existence of a difference between the quality of sleep before and during the home distance imposed by the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: cross-sectional web-based survey was sent using different conventional social media to collect data from the study population. The evaluated group was composed of 124 subjects, 57 of whom were male and 67 were female from the city of Rio Branco / AC. For this study, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire (PSQI-BR) and a socio-demographic questionnaire were used. The volunteers received a link along with the description and purpose of the study. Finally, data analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 software. Results: sleep quality worsened significantly during home distance in four sleep components (subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep drowsiness and overall PSQI score). During social distance, poor sleep was greater among respondents (OR = 5.68; 95% CI = 1.80–17.82; p = 0.70). Conclusion: the results indicated that there was a significant difference between the quality of sleep before and during home detachment and sleep disturbance and the subjective quality of sleep before and during the period of the outbreak of COVID-19 were the components that most worsened in the state of sleep

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Sleep and health: examining the relation of sleep to burnout and well-being using a consumer fitness tracker

Health and Technology ◽

10.1007/s12553-021-00603-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nina R. Grossi ◽

Bernad Batinic ◽

Sebastian Moharitsch

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Psychological Functioning ◽

Well Being ◽

Quality Of Sleep ◽

Essential Requirement ◽

White Collar Workers ◽

Fitness Tracker

AbstractSleep is an essential requirement for both physiological and psychological functioning and has an impact on various health parameters. The present study aimed to examine how quantity and quality of sleep predicts burnout and well-being by using both self-reported and objectively collected sleep data. The participants were 104 white-collar workers who wore a fitness tracker for 14 consecutive days and filled out a questionnaire about sleep, burnout, and well-being. The results showed that self-reported sleep quality predicts burnout and well-being, but neither did self-reported nor objective sleep duration. We concluded that although measuring sleep duration with a consumer fitness tracker still needs to be improved, it is a useful addition to self-reported sleep measures. The study did solidify results from previous self-reported measures and point out the prominent role of sleep quality rather than hours of sleep.

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The relationshipof the quality of sleep in patients with stage 5 chronickidney disease, treated with hemodialysis, with melatonin-producing function

Clinical endocrinology and endocrine surgery ◽

10.30978/cees-2021-3-23 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 23-30

Author(s):

V. Ye. Кondratiuk ◽

A. S. Petrova

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Pineal Gland ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Quality Of Sleep ◽

Group I ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Falling Asleep

The researcheddemonstrated the relationship between functional state of the pineal gland and sleepdeterioration. However, impaired melatonin-producing function of the pineal gland (MFE) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), treated with hemodialysis (HD), and its association with sleep disturbance in this cohort of patients required further investigations.Aim — to assess the quality of sleepin patients with stage 5 CKD treated with HD and investigate itsrelationship with the pineal dysfunction.Materials and methods. Examinations involved 130 patients (50 % of men) with stage 5 CKD, treated with hemodialysis, with the mean age 58.5 [43; 66]. The day and night melatoninlevels (MT) in saliva were determined and based on the results the patients were divided into two groups: group I — 110 patients with impaired MFE, group II — 20 patients with normal MFE. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. All patients underwent clinical and laboratory tests: general and biochemical blood tests, office blood pressure (BP) measurements, Holter blood pressure monitoring.Results. Analysis of the insomniastructure in patients with stage 5 CKD, treated with HD, according to the PSQI questionnaire, demonstrated the problems with falling asleep in 96.2 % of patients, feeling of heat in 56.8 %, frequent awakenings in 52.9 %, daytime dysfunction in 40.8 %, breathing problems in 40.5 %, sleep problems due to coughing or snoring in 37.8 %, having bad dreams in 18.9 %, the use of sleeping meds in 8 % of patients. The total PSQI score in patients with impaired MFE was higher by 71.4 % (p < 0.001) compared to the value obtained in the group with preserved pineal gland function, demonstrating the effects of MFE on sleep quality.The component of «sleep delay» and «sleep duration» in patients with pineal gland dysfunction was 66.7 % higher than in the group with preserved MFE (p < 0.001). Comparative analysis of the number of minutes required for patients to fall asleep in the study groups demonstrateda greater sleep delay in HD-treated patients with impaired MFE. From them, the majority of subjects (71.8 %) needed more than 60 minutes to fall asleep, while in the group with preserved MFE such patients were not identified (p < 0.05). The number of patients with the period of falling asleep of 31 to 60 minutes in the group with pineal gland dysfunction was 30 % less than in patients with preserved MFE (p < 0.05). The number of patients in whom it took 16—30 minutes to fall asleep in the group with preserved MFE was 92.5 % (p < 0.05) more than in patients with pineal gland dysfunction, and patientswith the period of falling asleep of less than 15 minutes was by 62 % higher than patients with impaired MFE (p < 0.05). The decreased sleep duration was established in all patients treated with HD, however the most worsening of the sleep quality was revealed in the groupof MFE disorders. Thus, thenumber of patients with sleep duration < 5 hourswas by 90.8 % (р < 0.05) higher in the groupof impairedMFEvs group with the preserved MFE, with sleep duration of 5—6 hours by 81.7 % (р < 0.05), the number of subjects with duration of 6—7 hours by 76.4 % lower (р < 0.05), and those who slept > 7 hours by 84.0 % (р < 0.05).Conclusions. Patients with stage 5 CKD, treated with HD, were characterized with combination of MFE impairment (84.6 %) with poor sleep quality (86.2 %), including problems withfalling asleep, felling hot, frequent waking up, and daytime dysfunction. The low quality of sleep was determined bylow melatonin levels in saliva, the presence of hypoalbuminemia and arterial hypertension, hypertension duration and HDtreatment

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Eszopiclone in the treatment of insomnia

Pharmacotherapy in Psychiatry and Neurology ◽

10.33450/fpn.2020.04.002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 9-21

Author(s):

Marek Jarema ◽

Adam Wichniak

Keyword(s):

Sleep Latency ◽

Total Sleep Time ◽

Subjective Evaluation ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

The Elderly ◽

Pharmacological Action ◽

Sleep Time ◽

Medical Problem ◽

Quality Of Sleep

Insomnia is an important medical problem; its treatment requires both nonpharmacological methods (education and psychotherapy) and the use of hypnotic agents. The benzodiazepine derivatives may be used as hypnotic agents but their use is substantially limited. The alternative treatment includes so-called z-drugs, which means nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic agents. Their mechanism of pharmacological action is a GABA-receptor agonism. In general, these drugs improve the quality of sleep (sleep latency, wake after sleep onset, number and duration of awakenings, total sleep time). Contrary to the benzodiazepines they do not possess anti-anxiety, myorelaxant, and anti-seizure properties, and are better tolerated. Eszopiclone for the treatment of insomnia was not available in Poland. It is not only effective in the treatment of insomnia in comparison to placebo but is also well tolerated. It may be used for a longer time than the benzodiazepines – not only a couple of weeks but per several months. Eszopiclone shortens the sleep latency, decreases the number of wakes after sleep onset and increases total sleep time. It improves the subjective evaluation of sleep by the patients, the quality of sleep and functioning during the day. Its efficacy in the treatment of insomnia in the elderly has also been proved. It is quite well-tolerated and the most frequent side-effect of eszopiclone in the unpleasant taste.

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Association Between Hypertension, Body Mass Index, and Sleep: A Cross-Sectional Study

INDIAN JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH AND NEUROSCIENCES ◽

10.32746/10.32746/ijmhns.2020.v3.i1.18 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (01) ◽

pp. 11-14

Author(s):

Aishwarya Gonzalez Cherubal ◽

S. Pooja ◽

Vijaya Raghavan

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Disorders ◽

Sleep Disorder ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Body Mass ◽

Quality Of Sleep ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Sleep disorders can act as risk factors and even aggravate underlying conditions. With prevalence of 17% in general population, hypertension is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in India. Though hypertension has various well established risk factors like family history, sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, smoking and age, sleep is often an understudied and overlooked factor. Body mass index is another important risk factor for various physical conditions. Associations between sleep and body mass index have been documented in many studies around the world. Although a consensus is yet to be drawn, many studies highlight that BMI related disorders could be predicted by sleep duration and quality. Materials and Methods: Two hundred consecutive hypertensive patients who were attending the OPD for follow-up were included as participants in this study after obtaining an informed consent. A semi structured proforma was designed to elicit the socio demographic profile of the participants. Each participant was assessed for the presence of sleep disorders by sleep-50 questionnaire and quality of sleep by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: Results found that BMI was significantly correlated with sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleep disorder. Hypertension was not significantly correlated to sleep quality or duration but associated to sleep disorder. Conclusion: This study found that body mass index was significantly correlated with sleep variables such as sleep duration, sleep quality, and sleep disorders. Maintaining a healthy BMI could in fact impact the amount and quality of sleep an individual receives.

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Characteristics of sleep disturbances in Poland – results of the National Health Interview Survey

Acta Neuropsychiatrica ◽

10.1111/j.0924-2708.2004.00063.x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 124-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Andrzej Kiejna ◽

Joanna Rymaszewska ◽

Bogdan Wojtyniak ◽

Jakub Stokwiszewski

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Adult Population ◽

Population Sample ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Polish Population ◽

Quality Of Sleep ◽

Highly Educated

Background:Apart from insomnia, poor quality of sleep, decreased sleep duration, tiredness after awakening and frequency of using sleeping drugs are important indicators of sleep problems.Objectives:The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of indicators of sleep disturbance, such as quality of sleep, sleep duration, feeling of restfulness in the morning and drug utilization in a randomly selected Polish adult population.Methods:A stratified scheme of sampling involving two steps was used. A representative Polish population sample of 47 924 non-institutionalized adults was interviewed. Assessments of sleep-related problems were based on six questions. Standardized prevalence ratios (SPRs and their 95% confidence intervals) were calculated.Results:Almost one-tenth of Polish inhabitants usually slept badly or very badly, a problem that was more common among women than men. Quality of sleep decreased together with ageing and this process was more rapid in women than in men over 40 years of age. Highly educated respondents had the highest quality of sleep. Up to one-fifth of the general Polish population usually woke up tired in the morning. Mean sleep duration was 7.7 h, with no gender differences. Usage of over-the-counter (OTC) medications was significantly lower than usage of those prescribed by the physician (5 vs. 16%). Women used OTC drugs twice as often as men.Conclusions:It would appear to be necessary to introduce educational programmes for the community as well as for general practitioners in order to correct improper attitudes.

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Do nocturnal headaches matter? A prospective diary study on subjective sleep parameters in snorers and their bed partners

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1177/0333102413515347 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 34 (7) ◽

pp. 533-539

Author(s):

Stefan Seidel ◽

Sophie Frantal ◽

Sabine Salhofer-Polanyi ◽

Doris Lieba-Samal ◽

Josef Zeitlhofer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Sleep Time ◽

Subjective Quality ◽

Sleep Diary ◽

Semistructured Interview ◽

Quality Of Sleep ◽

Subjective Sleep ◽

Female Predominance ◽

Sleep Parameters

Background The objective of this study was to assess the influence of nocturnal headaches (NH) on subjective sleep parameters prospectively in habitual snorers and their bed partners. Methods We recruited habitual snorers and their bed partners via newspaper articles. The participants completed a semistructured interview, filled in questionnaires about quality of sleep (PSQI), daytime sleepiness (ESS), depression (SDS) and anxiety (SAS) and they kept a 90-day headache and sleep diary. Results Seventy-six snorers (25 female) and 41 bed partners (31 female) completed the study recording a total of 6690 and 3497 diary days, respectively. NH were recorded on 222 (3.3%) and 79 (2.2%) days in 32 (42%) snorers and 17 (41%) bed partners, respectively. Snorers with NH showed significantly higher PSQI (5 ± 3 vs. 4 ± 2, p = 0.004), SAS (38 ± 11 vs. 31 ± 10, p = 0.011) and SDS scores (39 ± 12 vs. 34 ± 10, p = 0.048) than snorers without NH. For bed partners with NH we found a significant female predominance (sex ratio f:m = 16:1 vs. 12:12, p = 0.005) and significantly higher SAS scores (38 ± 6 vs. 33 ± 8, p = 0.030) compared with bed partners without NH. The subjective quality of sleep in habitual snorers ( p < 0.001) as well as their bed partners ( p = 0.017) was negatively influenced by NH, but not total sleep time. Discussion NH occurred in around 40% of snorers and their bed partners at least once during the 90-day observation period. Our results confirmed a negative impact on the subjective quality of sleep in both groups.

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Altered Sleep Duration and Poor Quality of Sleep Among Pharmacy Students Amidst COVID-19 Lockdown: A South-Indian Study

Sleep and Vigilance ◽

10.1007/s41782-021-00178-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

P. Vaidehi Bhat ◽

Sophia M. George ◽

Sharad Chand ◽

Kauma Kurian ◽

Emy Susan Roy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Pharmacy Students ◽

Quality Of Sleep ◽

Indian Study ◽

South Indian

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Research Regarding The Quality of Sleep among Non-Sportive Students Compared with Professional Athlets

Land Forces Academy Review ◽

10.2478/raft-2018-0037 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 294-305

Author(s):

Ioan Sabin Sopa ◽

Marcel Pomohaci

Keyword(s):

Control Sample ◽

Sleep Time ◽

Control Group ◽

Quality Of Sleep ◽

Level Of Satisfaction ◽

Two Samples ◽

Before And After ◽

Intense Training ◽

Sleep Screening

Abstract Quality of sleep developed to be a much disputed subject in everyday life performance of men. Our study focuses on comparing two samples one of non-sportive (formed by 42 students’ age 19 ± 1.22 years) and one of professional athletes (formed by 45 sportive age between 18 ± 2.01 years). The main method used for analyzing the quality of sleep between the two samples of the research was the Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) that is a tool that analyses sleep behaviors, identify disorder in sleeping routine and determine the frequency of difficulties with sleep before and after events, competitions or intense training programs. The results of the study showed a statistically significant differences between the two samples in the number of hours slept at night (the experiment sample having 8 to 9 hours of sleep compared with the control sample that have 6 to 7 hours); also we found differences between the time needed to fall asleep (less than 15 min at the experiment group compared with 31-60 min at the control group); less problems at sleeping in the experiment group compared with the control group and that the athletes from the experiment group are waking earlier and are a morning kind of persons compared with the control group that are more active at evening; also found differences at the caffeine doses consumed and usage of electronic devices before sleep time (the experiment have less cases compared with the control group). So the general conclusion of the study was that the level of satisfaction regarding the quality of sleep is higher at the experiment sample compared with the control sample.

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