scholarly journals Recovery of Abdominal Muscle Thickness and Contractile Function in Women after Childbirth

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2130
Author(s):  
Mako Fukano ◽  
Yuka Tsukahara ◽  
Seira Takei ◽  
Sayaka Nose-Ogura ◽  
Tomoyuki Fujii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contractile Function ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Transverse Abdominis

Abdominal muscles may be both morphologically and functionally affected by pregnancy. Dysfunction of the muscles can lead to persistent postpartum low back pain. The recovery process of the abdominal muscles following childbirth is not well understood. This study aimed to demonstrate the changes in the thickness and contractile function of abdominal muscles during the first six months postpartum. Nine perinatal and 15 nulliparous females participated. The thicknesses and contraction/relaxation thickness ratios of the rectus abdominis (RA), external abdominal oblique (EO), internal abdominal oblique (IO), and transverse abdominis (TrA) were measured using ultrasound images from 36–39 weeks’ gestation until six months postpartum. The RA, IO, and TrA muscles were thinner in perinatal females than controls at 36–39 weeks of gestation (4.8 vs. 9.47 mm (RA), 5.45 vs. 7.73 mm (IO), 2.56 vs. 3.38 mm (TrA), respectively). The thinner IO muscle persisted for six months after delivery. The decreased TrA thickness ratio persisted until four months post-delivery. Abdominal muscle thickness and contractile function decreased in the postpartum period. Therefore, abdominal muscle exercises might help prevent postpartum symptoms; however, because deterioration of muscle function is significant in the first four months, careful attention should be paid to exercise intensity. The study limitation was a relatively small sample size, thus future studies should involve more participants.

scholarly journals Breathing Exercise Called the Maximal Abdominal Contraction Maneuver

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Jung Won Kwon ◽  
Seo Yoon Park ◽  
Ki Hyun Baek ◽  
Kyoungsoo Youk ◽  
Seunghue Oh
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Breathing Exercise ◽  
Transverse Abdominis ◽  
External Oblique ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Internal Oblique

Background and objectives: The maximal abdominal contraction maneuver (MACM) was designed as an effective and efficient breathing exercise to increase the stability of the spinal joint. However, it has not been determined whether MACM is more effective and efficient than the maximal expiration method. Thus, the present study was undertaken to investigate whole abdominal muscle thickness changes after MACM. Materials and Methods: Thirty healthy subjects (17 males and 13 females) participated in this study. An experimental comparison between MACM and the maximal expiration task was conducted by measuring the change of abdominal muscle thickness such as the transverse abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO) and rectus abdominis (RA) using ultrasound images. Results: The results indicated that MACM resulted in significantly greater muscle thickness increases of the TrA and RA than the maximal expiration exercise (p < 0.05). Conclusion: MACM provided better exercise than the maximal expiration exercise in terms of increasing spine stability, at least from a co-contraction perspective.

COMPARISON OF LATERAL ABDOMINAL MUSCLE THICKNESS IN YOUNG MALE SOCCER PLAYERS WITH AND WITHOUT LOW BACK PAIN

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pardis Noormohammadpour ◽  
Shadi Mirzaei ◽  
Navid Moghadam ◽  
Mohammad Ali Mansournia ◽  
Ramin Kordi
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Low Back

Contractile properties of expiratory abdominal muscles: effect of elastase-induced emphysema

1987 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 2314-2319 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Arnold ◽  
A. J. Thomas ◽  
S. G. Kelsen
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Isometric Tension ◽  
Contractile Properties ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Force Frequency ◽  
Contraction Time ◽  
Transverse Abdominis ◽  
External Oblique

The present study examined the intrinsic contractile properties and endurance of the transverse abdominis and external oblique abdominal expiratory muscles in adult hamsters and compared their performance with the diaphragm. Experiments were performed in vitro on isolated bundles of muscle stimulated electrically. In control animals peak twitch tension was similar in the two muscles. In contrast, the twitch contraction time and one-half relaxation time of the transverse abdominis were significantly greater than that of the external oblique. The isometric tension generated over a range of stimulus frequencies (i.e., the force-frequency relationship) was a greater percent of the maximum value in response to subtetanizing frequencies (10–40 Hz) in the transverse abdominis than in the external oblique. For both abdominal muscles, however, the tension generated over this range of stimulus frequencies was less than that of the diaphragm. The endurance of the transverse abdominis during repeated contractions was significantly greater than that of the external oblique but similar to the diaphragm. The effect of chronic hyperinflation produced by elastase-induced emphysema on the contractile function of the two muscles was assessed in a second group of adult hamsters. In emphysematous animals peak twitch tension, contraction time, and one-half relaxation time of the twitch and force-frequency curves of muscles from emphysematous animals were similar to values obtained in control animals for both the external oblique and transverse abdominis. However, the endurance of both the transverse abdominis and external oblique muscles was greater in emphysematous than control animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Comparison of core stabilization techniques on ultrasound imaging of the diaphragm, and core muscle thickness and external abdominal oblique muscle electromyography activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jaejin Lee ◽  
Dohyun Kim ◽  
Yoonkyum Shin ◽  
Chunghwi Yi ◽  
Hyeseon Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Oblique Muscle ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Amplitude Analysis ◽  
Core Stabilization ◽  
Co Activation ◽  
Pressure Biofeedback

BACKGROUND: To restore core stability, abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM), abdominal bracing (AB), and dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) have been employed but outcome measures varied and one intervention was not superior over another. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the differential effects of ADIM, AB, and DNS on diaphragm movement, abdominal muscle thickness difference, and external abdominal oblique (EO) electromyography (EMG) amplitude. METHODS: Forty-one participants with core instability participated in this study. The subjects performed ADIM, AB, and DNS in random order. A Simi Aktisys and Pressure Biofeedback Unit (PBU) were utilized to measure core stability, an ultrasound was utilized to measure diaphragm movement and measure abdominal muscles thickness and EMG was utilized to measure EO amplitude. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted at P< 0.05. RESULTS: Diaphragm descending movement and transverse abdominis (TrA) and internal abdominal oblique (IO) thickness differences were significantly increased in DNS compared to ADIM and AB (P< 0.05). EO amplitude was significantly increased in AB compared to ADIM, and DNS. CONCLUSIONS: DNS was the best technique to provide balanced co-activation of the diaphragm and TrA with relatively less contraction of EO and subsequently producing motor control for efficient core stabilization.

scholarly journals Osteopathic Manual Treatment vs Kaltenborn-Evjenth Orthopedic Manual Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Proposal for a Protocol for Randomized Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 383-388
Author(s):  
Pawel Lizis ◽  
Wojciech Kobza ◽  
Grzegorz Manko ◽  
Jaroslaw Jaszczur-Nowicki ◽  
Joanna Bukowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Manual Therapy ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Random Allocation ◽  
Low Back

Introduction: Numerous modalities of conservative therapeutic interventions are available to achieve the best health benefits in people with Low Back Pain (LBP), e.g., kinesiotherapy, physical therapy, behavior therapy. People with LBP continue to experience pain and disability despite receiving the best evidence based therapy. Osteopathic Manual Therapy (OMT) and Kaltenborn-Evjenth Ortopedic Manual Therapy (KEOMT) are the other options, although their effectiveness remains controversial. The aim of this study is a proposal for a protocol for randomized trials to compare the effectiveness of OMT vs. KEOMT on pain and disability in people suffering from LBP. Methods and analysis: It's a randomized study with two-arms parallel, designed with concealed allocation, the assessor's blinding with intention to-treat analysis. It will include 34 people a group with severe disability ranged from 41 to 60% in Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). There will be two groups: a treatment group (OMT) and a comparison group (KEOMT). All the patients in both groups will receive 2 treatments a week for 5 weeks. Each session in both groups will not exceed 30 minutes. During each session OMT and KEOMT techniques will be repeated 3 times. A baseline assessment will be performed pre and post intervention, two days later. The following parameters will be assessed during the evaluations: Numeric Pain Rating Scale – NPRS, ODI. Ethics and dissemination: The trial was approved by the Scientific Research Ethics Committee of University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland. Registration approval number: 9/2018. Trial registration: The study protocol was prospectively registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on December 28, 2019 (registration ID: ChiCTR1900028580). Strengths and Limitations of this Study The participants' random allocation to the experimental and the control groups. The same experienced physiotherapist, blind to the outcome measures, provides the interventions. The same assistant, blind to the group allocation, administrates the outcomes. The same number of the interventions, the compared contact time with the physiotherapist providing the interventions. A short follow-up period and/or a rather small sample size.

scholarly journals What is the incidence of cauda equina syndrome? A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 832-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Hoeritzauer ◽  
Matthew Wood ◽  
Phillip C. Copley ◽  
Andreas K. Demetriades ◽  
Julie Woodfield
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Cauda Equina Syndrome ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cauda Equina ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Patient Pathways

OBJECTIVECauda equina syndrome (CES) is a surgical emergency requiring timely operative intervention to prevent symptom progression. Accurately establishing the incidence of CES is required to inform healthcare service design and delivery, including out-of-hours imaging arrangements.METHODSA systematic literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus was undertaken to identify original studies stating the incidence of CES, and the estimates were combined in a meta-analysis as described in the protocol registered with PROSPERO (registration no. CRD42017065865) and reported using the PRISMA guidelines.RESULTSA total of 1281 studies were identified, and 26 studies were included in the review. Data about CES incidence were available from 3 different populations: asymptomatic community populations, patients with nontraumatic low-back pain, and patients presenting as an emergency with suspected CES. The incidence of CES was 0.3–0.5 per 100,000 per year in 2 asymptomatic community populations, 0.6 per 100,000 per year in an asymptomatic adult population, and 7 per 100,000 per year in an asymptomatic working-age population. CES occurred in 0.08% of those with low-back pain presenting to primary care in 1 study, and a combined estimate of 0.27% was calculated for 4 studies of those with low-back pain presenting to secondary care. Across 18 studies of adults with suspected CES, 19% had radiological and clinical CES. Difficulties in comparison between studies resulted from the heterogeneous definitions of CES and lack of separation of more advanced CES with retention, which is unlikely to be reversible. In the studies of patients with suspected CES, the small sample size, the high number of single-center studies (18/18), the high number of studies from the United Kingdom (17/18), the retrospective nature of the studies, and the high number of abstracts rather than full texts (9/18) reduced the quality of the data.CONCLUSIONSFrom current studies, it appears that CES occurs infrequently in asymptomatic community populations and in only 19% of those presenting with symptoms. Determining accurate incidence figures and designing a bespoke service for investigation of patients with suspected CES would require a consensus clinical and radiological definition of CES and international multisite studies of patient pathways of investigation and management.

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