scholarly journals Cognitive Differences in the Older Adults Living in the General Community: Gender and Mental Occupational State Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3106
Author(s):  
Estela Calatayud ◽  
Carlos Salavera ◽  
Isabel Gómez-Soria
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Cognitive Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
General Community

Older adults are particularly vulnerable to cognitive impairment with age, and gender differences are remarkable. However, there is very little evidence to identify both baseline cognitive and occupational gender differences prior to older adults’ retirement to design more efficient personalized cognitive interventions. This descriptive observational study examined gender differences in initial cognitive performance in 367 older adults with subjective memory complaints from a primary healthcare center in Zaragoza (Spain). To evaluate initial cognitive performance, the Spanish version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MEC-35) and the set test were used to measure verbal fluency. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated, and cognitive and occupational differences were analyzed per gender. Men had higher educational and occupational levels, were older and more of them were married (p < 0.001) than women. Regarding cardiovascular risk factors, diabetes and cerebrovascular accidents were more frequent in women, while hypercholesterolemia and obesity were more frequent in men (p < 0.001). High blood pressure was more frequent in women, but not significantly so (p = 0.639). Global cognition was higher in men (p < 0.001) for attention, calculation, and language (p < 0.001). Verbal fluency was higher in women, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.105). These results could be generalized to other health centers in the province and other Spanish autonomous communities as their sociodemographic variables are similar. Individualized interventions that adapt to gender, cognitive and initial occupational performance should be developed and adapted to elderly populations living in the general community to maintain their cognitive capacity and prevent their cognitive impairment and the social health costs this would imply.

Qualitative Evaluation Informs Understanding of Motor Cognition and Therapies in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
David Lazris ◽  
Molly M. Perkins ◽  
Allison A. Bay ◽  
Madeleine E. Hackney
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Cognitive Integration ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Predominantly Black

Background: 10%to 20%of Americans aged 65 and older have mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with 10%progressing to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) each year. Underserved groups, including African Americans (AAs), are among the most vulnerable to MCI and AD. Although evidence continues to amass, the benefits of exercise and movement for AD is still understudied in AD. Objective: Understanding the attitudes, perceptions, and beliefs about motor-cognitive integration and examining the physical activity of a sample of predominantly Black women community members with self-reported memory problems will allow improved recruitment and refinement of multimodal interventions designed to improve motor-cognitive and cognitive function. Methods: We conducted focus groups with older adults who reported subjective memory complaints (n = 15; Black: n = 12, White: n = 3, mean age 71.7±5.8). Results: Findings from thematic analysis showed most participants knew of benefits of exercise. However, most participants reported not getting adequate exercise due to factors such as pain, increased responsibilities, and fears of injury. Despite barriers, participants expressed enthusiasm for multimodal interventions designed to target body and brain health and provided several suggestions to improve or enhance the proposed interventions. Conclusion: Results provide useful insights regarding improving participation among historically under-represented groups in clinical movement-based research. Participants’ discussion focused primarily on the way motor-cognitive integration prevents falls, maintains memory, and provides a social benefit. The reported perceived benefits and limitations of exercise, as this population understands it, can help researchers and physicians better engage the community for lifestyle changes that will support greater motor-cognitive health.

scholarly journals Muscular Function: An alternative way to identify cognitive impairment, Secondary Analysis From SABE-Colombia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elkin Garcia-Cifuentes ◽  
Felipe Botero-Rodríguez ◽  
Felipe Ramirez Velandia ◽  
Angela Iragorri ◽  
Isabel Marquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Recall Memory

Abstract Background Traditionally, the identification of cognitive impairment is based on neuropsychological tests and supported with not widely available biomarkers. This study aimed to establish the association between motor function (Gait Speed and Handgrip Strength) and the performance in a global cognitive performance and various cognitive domains. Our secondary objective was to determine a cut-off point for Gait Speed and Handgrip Strength to classify older adults as cognitively impaired. Methods This is a secondary analysis from the SABE Colombia study (Health, Well-Being, and Aging) conducted in 2015. We performed linear regression models, to establish association with motor function, clinical, and sociodemographic variables, and predict the scores of the Mini-mental State Examination and its domains (i.e. orientation, recall, counting, and language). The evaluation of the motor function variables as an instrument to separate cognitively impaired older adults was evaluated by developing a receiving operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results Gait speed was associated with orientation (r2 = 0.16), language (r2 = 0.15), recall memory (r2 = 0.14) and counting (r2 = 0.08). Similarly, handgrip strength was associated with orientation (r2 = 0.175), language (r2 = 0.164), recall memory (r2 = 0.137), and counting (r2 = 0.08). Slow gait had a cut-off point of 0,59 m/s, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.629 (0.613–0.646), whereas a weak handgrip strength had an AUC of 0.653 (0.645–0.661), with a cut-off point of 17.50 Kg for separating those older adults with cognitive impairment. Conclusions Gait Speed or Handgrip Strength are similarly associated with cognitive performance, exhibiting the larger associations with orientation and language domains. Gait Speed and Handgrip Strength can be easily performed by any clinician and seems to be useful screening tools to detect cognitive impairment.

Effect of Brain Training Game on Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2272-2275
Author(s):  
Hafsah Arshad ◽  
Kinza Anwar ◽  
Hafsah Gul Khattak ◽  
Imran Amjad ◽  
Yaser Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Montreal Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Brain Training ◽  
Neurocognitive Functions

Aim: To determine effects of Kinect- based games on neurocognitive functions in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Methodology: A quasi experimental pre-post trail was conducted on 18 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) older adults. The subjects were recruited to access cognitive impairment through purposive sampling technique. The inclusion criteria were elderly aged ≥ 50 years, both genders, able to read and write, whereas older adults with severe cognitive impairments, neurological disorders and un controlled comorbidities were excluded. Brain training was provided for 30 minutes with 5-minute warm-up time and 5-minute cool-down time for 6 weeks. Blind assessor measured readings at baseline and after six weeks. The outcome measures were Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), Trail making test A & B and verbal fluency test (Semantic &Phonemic). The data was analyzed at baseline and after six weeks of intervention Results: Significant improvements were observed in post-test measurements (p <0.05) in MMSE, MoCA, TMT A & B and verbal fluency (Semantic &Phonemic) tests after 6 weeks of treatment. Conclusion: Kinect-based virtual reality games are beneficial in improving cognitive abilities of older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Keywords: Cognitive training, Mild cognitive impairment, Montreal Cognitive Assessment

Normative Data for the ELSA-Brasil Neuropsychological Assessment and Operationalized Criterion for Cognitive Impairment for Middle-Aged and Older Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Laiss Bertola ◽  
Isabela M. Benseñor ◽  
Alessandra C. Goulart ◽  
Andre R. Brunoni ◽  
Paulo Caramelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Primary Care Settings

Abstract Objectives: Normative data should consider sociodemographic diversity for the accurate diagnosis of cognitive impairment. This study aims to provide normative data for a brief neuropsychological battery and present diagnostic criteria for cognitive impairment that could be used in primary care settings. Methods: We selected 9618 Brazilian middle-aged and older adults after detailed exclusion criteria to avoid subtle cognitive impairment. We analyzed age, sex, and education influence on cognitive performance. To verify the evidence of criterion validity, we compared the cognitive performance of subjects with and without a depressive episode. Additionally, we verified the percentage of spurious scores under three different cutoffs. Results: Age and education had the greatest impact on cognition. Normative scores were provided according to age and education groups. Participants with a depressive episode performed poorer than control subjects. The clinical cutoff of at least two scores below the 7th percentile revealed the adequate percentage of spurious and possible clinical performance. Conclusions: The Longitudinal Study on Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) provided normative data based on a unique selected set of cognitively normal subjects. Normative groups were selected based on age and education, and the battery was sensitive to the presence of a depressive episode. We suggested clinical cutoffs for the tests in this battery that could be used in primary care settings to improve the accurate diagnosis of cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Effects of Pioglitazone or Exercise in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Insulin Resistance: A Pilot Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry L. Hildreth ◽  
Rachael E. Van Pelt ◽  
Kerrie L. Moreau ◽  
Jim Grigsby ◽  
Karin F. Hoth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Exercise Group

Aims: To examine the effects of pioglitazone or endurance exercise training on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and insulin resistance. Methods: Seventy-eight adults (mean age ± SD: 65 ± 7 years) with central obesity and MCI were randomized to 6 months of endurance exercise, pioglitazone or control. Results: Sixty-six participants completed the study. Exercise training did not significantly increase peak oxygen uptake compared to control (p = 0.12). Compared to control, insulin resistance improved in the pioglitazone group (p = 0.002) but not in the exercise group (p = 0.25). There was no measureable effect of pioglitazone or exercise on cognitive performance compared to control. Conclusion: In this pilot study, pioglitazone improved insulin resistance but not cognitive performance in older adults with MCI and insulin resistance.

Alcohol consumption and cognitive impairment among Korean older adults: does gender matter?

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyoung Lyu ◽  
Seungah Hannah Lee
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTBackground:This study investigated gender differences in the relationship between alcohol consumption and cognitive impairment among older adults in South Korea.Methods:Using data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing, 2,471 females and 1,657 males were analyzed separately. Cognitive impairment was measured based on the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Exam score. Logistic regression was conducted to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption and cognitive impairment among Korean older adults.Results:Multivariate analysis showed that compared to moderate drinkers, past drinkers were more likely to be cognitively impaired for women, while heavy drinkers were more likely to be cognitively impaired for men.Conclusions:Findings suggest that the relationship between alcohol consumption and cognition varies with gender. Clinicians and service providers should consider gender differences when developing strategies for the prevention and treatment of alcohol-related cognitive decline among older adults.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document